Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level : SBM 2.0
Mains level : Shift from IEC to BCC
Background
- Nearly 93.1% of rural Indian households have access to toilets and 96.5% of these toilets are in constant usage, according to the second edition of NARSS in 2018-19
SBM 2.0
- Sustaining investment on ODF
- Faecal sludge management dedicated programme, which will ensure that each district will have FSTP (faecal sludge treatment plant)
- Plastic waste management by creating material recovery facility and plastic treatment and management facility in each gram panchayat
- Solid and liquid waste management support to villages for safe disposal of solid and liquid waste
- Investing funds for behaviour change through IEC (Information, Education and Communication) exercise, training masons to promote retrofitting of toilets and panchayat pradhans to sustain ODF status
Way ahead
- The government should make a paradigm shift from IEC to BCC – behaviour change communication approach
- While IEC collects information on the use of toilets, BCC talks about underlying factors of why they are not using the toilets and tries to address them through behavioural science
B2B
The NARSS is a third-party survey that was conducted by the Independent Verification Agency (IVA) under the World Bank support project.