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  • In looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence and energy. And if they do not have the first, the other two will you. – Warren Buffett. What do you understand by this statement in the present-day scenario? Explain.

    Intelligence + Energy – Integrity = DANGER .

    Integrity + Intelligence – Energy = STAGNATION

    Integrity + Energy – Intelligence = INEFFICIENCY

    All Three Combined = SUSTAINABLE LEADERSHIP.

    Consequences of Intelligence and Energy Without Integrity

    Sophisticated Fraud- A smart individual can bypass internal controls and audit trails. Eg- Bernie Madoff running ponzi scheme.

    High energy without integrity leads to “winning at any cost,” resulting in a toxic “cut-throat” culture that destroys team morale.

    Reputational damage- Eg- manipulation of financial data to show “paper profits,” in Enron case

    Erosion of Stakeholder Trust – Eg- The NSE Co-location Case (Chitra Ramkrishna).

    Systemic Exploitation by finding loopholes in laws or company policies. Eg- Nirav Modi – PNB Fraud

    Corrosive Leadership- “If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.” – Robert Noyce (Intel Co-founder)

    Legal risks- Eg- Subrata Roy’s (Sahara India) massive “shadow banking” empire

    The “Smart Criminal” Effect- intelligent and high energy do the wrong things faster and higher in scale. Eg- Harshad Metha

    On the other hand, integrity ensures

    Moral Courage- Eg- Satyendra Dubey

    Integrity builds a reputation and trust.. Eg- Metro man E. Sreedharan

    Gives moral authority to lead. Eg- Captain Vikram Batra leading from the front in Kargil War.

    Integrity helps in objective decision making. Eg- T. N. Session as CEC

    Ensures adherence to Gandhian “Trusteeship principle”

    Integrity is not an optional virtue but a necessary safeguard for ethical corporate governance

  • Anger and intolerance are the enemies of correct understanding. -Mahatma Gandhi

    Anger overwhelms reason and pushes individuals into impulsive reactions, while intolerance closes the mind to alternative perspectives. Together, they prevent people from seeing reality objectively

    Key Values Involved

    Ahimsa (Non-violence)

    Empathy

    Rationality

    Humility

    At the individual level, anger disrupts rational thinking and leads to poor personal decisions. Similarly, intolerance towards different opinions prevents individuals from learning, adapting and growing. Eg-

    At the social level, collective anger and intolerance fuel polarization, violence and breakdown of harmony. It destroying social trust and shared identity. Eg- Delhi Riots of 2020

    At the administrative level, anger and intolerance lead to arbitrary governance and injustice. In contrast, calmness and tolerance lead to fair assessment of situations, grievance redressal, and upholding constitutional morality.

    At the national level, intolerance manifests as exclusionary politics and suppression of dissent, weakening democracy and undermining national unity. Eg- civil unrest in france and rising anti-immigration sentiments in Europe.

    At the global level, anger and intolerance between nations escalate conflicts and prevent peaceful resolution. Eg- Russia-Ukraine War.

    At the corporate level, a leader who reacts with anger creates a “culture of fear” where employees hide mistakes instead of explaining them. This impact psychological safety among employees.

    In judiciary, Judges must be free from “anger and intolerance” to ensure a fairness and objectivity in judgments.

    In technological domain, anger and intolerance lead to formation of Echo Chambers impacting mental health and stability. Eg- cyberbullying.

    Gandhi reminds us that wisdom grows in calm minds and open hearts. Only by mastering anger and embracing tolerance can societies achieve justice, peace and true understanding.

  • The true rule, in determining to embrace, or reject any thing, is not whether it has any evil in it; but whether it has more evil than good. There are few things wholly evil or wholly good. Almost every thing, especially of governmental policy, is an inseprarable compound of the two; so that our best judgement of the preponderance between them is continually demand. – Abraham Lincoln.

    Abraham Lincoln argues that, ethical judgement does not lie in seeking moral purity, but in weighing which option produces more good than harm. Governance thus requires continuous moral evaluation.

    Tradeoff between good and evil

    Government policy level

    Climate policies trade economic growth for environmental protection. Eg- restrictions in eco sensitive zones hamer mining

    Welfare schemes involve fiscal costs but social benefits. Eg- NFSA costs around 2% of GDP but ensures “food security”

    Security laws trade liberty for safety. Eg- internet shutdowns in J&K hamer Right to internet (Article 21) to ensure security

    Societal level

    Social reforms disturb traditions but advance justice. Eg- Sabrimala judgment

    Urbanisation displaces communities but creates opportunity. Eg- breaking of caste barrier for dalits

    Global level

    Sanctions punish regimes but harm civilians. Eg- sanctions on Iran crippling economy

    Military interventions against rogue states can lead to regional intability. Eg- instability in Middle East

    Individual level

    Whistleblowing causes personal harm but exposes injustice. Eg- Satyendra Dubey

    Commitment to duty may hamper work-life balance

    Ethical framework for decision making

    Utilitarianism – Judging actions by net consequences (greatest good for greatest number).

    Aristotle’s golden mean principle – Balancing extremes

    Public interest ethics – Balancing competing claims. Eg- Carbon Tax on coal

    Moral realism – Acceptance of complexity and trade-offs.

    “Veil of Ignorance” – To ensure fairness and objectivity.

    Rights-based test – Does it violate fundamental rights?

    Moral humility – Openness to revision.

    The task of ethical judgement is to responsibly navigate complexity with wisdom, fairness and humility.

    “In a morally complex world, ethics lies not in purity, but in prudence.”

  • In doing a good thing, everything is permitted which is not prohibited expressly or by clear implication. Examine the statement with suitable examples in the context of a public servant discharging his/her duties.

    This statement reflects the principle of Administrative Discretion and Innovation in public service. It also highlights the shift from “Rule-based” to “Goal-oriented” governance.

    Everything is permitted in doing good thing

    Adherence to the utilitarian principle of ‘greatest happiness.’

    Resource optimization- Eg- Armstrong Pame (IAS) crowdfunded the “People’s Road”.

    Innovation for reformative justice- Kiran Bedi (IPS) introduced Vipassana.

    Behavioral Nudging (Gandhigiri)- Using psychology instead of force. Eg- In the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, officers gifted flowers to people defecating in the open.

    Prioritising social welfare by bypassing bureaucratic rigidity. Eg- Prashant Nair’s “Operation Sulaimani” – Use of crowdsourced coupons to feed hunger

    Finding ‘out of the box’ solutions. Eg- IPS chetan singh Rathore using National Anthem to manage protesting crowd.

    Ethical use of discretion in crises. Eg- Dr. Syed Sehrish Asgar used her office as a “human call center” during communication blackouts in J&K

    Helps in collaborative problem solving rather than a top-down approach. Eg- S.R. Sankaran involved local community elders in identifying bonded laborers.

    Creativity and innovations facilitate adoption of technology to solve problems. Eg- Dr. Hari Chandana building pavements from recycled plastic in Hyderabad.

    Inaction out of fear of rules is often a greater “evil” than Innovation within the framework of the law. – leads to policy paralysis

    Constitutional Morality- One cannot “do good” by violating Fundamental Rights. Eg- unauthorized phone tapping.

    Financial Propriety- Eg- following due process in tender allocation

    Avoiding Conflict of Interest through declaration and recusal

    Acting in the “spirit” of the law

    Dignity and Human Rights- Adherence to Kant’s categorical imperative.

    Non-arbitrariness – No favouritism under the garb of welfare.

    The ultimate test for any “permitted” action is Mahatma Gandhi’s Talisman– “Will it lead to the upliftment of the poorest?”

  • Data security has assumed significant importance in the digitized world due to rising cyber crimes. The Justice B. N. Srikrishna Committee Report addresses issues related to data security. What, in your view, are the strengths and weakness sof the Report relating to protection of personal data in cyber space?

    The Justice B.N. Srikrishna Committee’s 2018 report – “A Free and Fair Digital Economy” – was India’s foundational attempt to translate the privacy jurisprudence of Puttaswamy (2017) into statutory architecture.

    The Rising Scale of Cybercrime in India

    Cybercrime cases rose from 10.29 lakh in 2022 to 28.15 lakh in 2025 (MHA, I4C).

    Indians lost approximately

    Cybercrime complaints have grown by over 623% between 2021 and 2024 on the NCRP portal.

    77% of fraud losses stem from investment scams; digital arrests (9%) and sextortion (4%) are the fastest-growing categories (I4C, 2025).

    I4C has frozen 24.67 lakh mule accounts and blocked 9.42 lakh SIM cards linked to cyber fraud

    Key Recommendations of the Srikrishna Committee Report

    Citizen reframed as data principal; entity as data fiduciary with trust obligations.

    Enshrined principles of consent, purpose limitation, data minimisation, and storage limitation.

    Heightened protection for sensitive personal data – health, biometric, financial, religious, genetic

    Created an independent Data Protection Authority (DPA) with adjudicatory powers.

    Mandated data localisation for critical and sensitive personal data within India.

    Recognised new-age rights – confirmation, correction, portability, right to be forgotten.

    Special safeguards for children’s data, including parental consent and a ban on profiling.

    Cross-border transfer permitted only via adequacy mechanisms or contractual safeguards.

    Strengths of the Report

    Constitutional anchoring in Puttaswamy – privacy treated as a fundamental right, not a regulatory courtesy.

    Fiduciary framing imposes a trust-based duty on data handlers, drawing from common law traditions.

    GDPR-aligned principles of purpose limitation and accountability bring India to global standards.

    Independent regulator (DPA) institutionalises enforcement beyond executive discretion.

    Empowerment of citizens through actionable rights – correction, portability, erasure.

    Sectoral sensitivity through layered protection for health, financial, biometric, and children’s data.

    Digital sovereignty advanced through data localisation provisions for critical data.

    Balanced approach – does not stifle innovation; permits research, journalism, and reasonable business processing.

    Weaknesses of the Report

    Broad State exemptions – surveillance under Section 35 permits processing in the interest of national security, public order, etc., without prior judicial oversight.

    Weak independence of the DPA – appointment process dominated by the executive raises capture concerns.

    Ambiguity on “critical” personal data – left to executive notification, creating regulatory uncertainty.

    Data localisation costs disproportionately affect MSMEs, startups, and global service providers.

    No clear remedy framework for data breaches – compensation provisions remain vague and non-deterrent.

    Inadequate provisions on non-personal data – a critical gap addressed only later by the Kris Gopalakrishnan Committee.

    No special framework for emerging threats – AI profiling, deepfakes, biometric coercion are underaddressed.

    Limited attention to journalistic and whistleblower data, raising press-freedom concerns.

    Way Forward

    Operationalise the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, with timely framing of subordinate rules.

    Establish the Data Protection Board of India (DPBI) as a genuinely independent authority, on the lines of TRAI or SEBI.

    Bring State surveillance under judicial pre-authorisation, in line with the Puttaswamy proportionality test.

    Strengthen CERT-In, I4C, and NCIIPC capacities with sustained funding and inter-agency coordination.

    Mandate algorithmic transparency and AI-impact assessments for high-risk processing.

    Operationalise the Cyber Fraud Mitigation Centre (CFMC) to scale real-time fraud interception.

    Launch a national digital literacy mission focusing on Tier-2/3 cities, senior citizens, and first-time users.

    Promote international cooperation through Budapest Convention engagement and bilateral data-sharing protocols.

    “Data is the new oil.” Thus, protection of personal data is no longer a technological concern but a constitutional one.

    2019 – What is CyberDome Project? Explain how it can be useful in controlling internet crimes in India.

    (10)

    The CyberDome Project is a high-tech PPP initiative of Kerala Police, established as a “Centre of Excellence” to combat emerging cyber threats through collaborative research and development.

    Rising Internet Crimes in India

    Cybersecurity incidents rose from 10.29 lakh in 2022 to 22.68 lakh in 2024 (120% increase in two years)

    Massive Financial Toll- over as per NCRP.

    Significant rise in AI-driven phishing and “Digital Arrest” scams

    Enforcement agencies have blocked over 9.42 lakh SIM cards and 2.63 lakh IMEIs linked to fraudulent activities by early 2025.

    Over 86% of households are now connected to the internet – High vulnerability

    13.7% of global incidents target India (Cyfirma report)

    Importance of CyberDome in Controlling Internet Crimes

    Shift from “reactive investigation” approach to “proactive defense” model

    Public-Private Collaboration bridges the talent gap by involving over 2,500 volunteers, including ethical hackers and IT experts

    Real-Time Threat Intelligence using AI and machine learning. In 2024, it successfully thwarted a major DDoS attack on an Indian financial institution.

    Combatting Online Exploitation through initiatives like “Hac’KP 2025” and the “KID GLOVE” program (international recognition from INTERPOL)

    In September 2024, it launched a Security Operation Centre (SOC) to monitor police networks and prevent sensitive data breaches.

    Specialized Cyber-Wings- It operates niche units like the “Ransomware School” and a Malware Analysis Lab, creating Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).

    Academic Synergy- Collaborations with institutions like NIT Calicut (2024 MoU)

    Financial Fraud Mitigation detected vulnerabilities in 4 out of 10 banking apps tested (CAG report)

    Officers and volunteers act as “Online Police Patrols,” monitoring social media for extremist propaganda, radicalization efforts, and the spread of fake news.

    The CyberDome Project has transformed the Kerala Police into a tech-forward force, achieving a 25% increase in case resolution between 2022 and 2024.

  • Suppose the Government of India is thinking of constructing a dam in a mountain valley bound by forests and inhabited by ethnic communities. What rational policy should it resort to in dealing with unforeseen contingencies?

    India is one of the top 10 mega diverse countries of the world (8.1% of the world’s species). A rational policy for dam construction must adopt a dynamic risk-management framework.

    “Forests are the lungs of our land. A nation that destroys it destroys itself..” – Franklin D. Roosevelt

    Possible unforeseen contingencies

    Ecological degradation – Submergence of forests and biodiversity loss.

    Cultural erosion – Eg- loss of “Sacred Groves”

    Livelihood disruption – Loss of agriculture, fishing, forest-based economy.

    Downstream ecological impact – Eg- Altered river flow affecting agriculture and wetlands.

    Reservoir-induced seismicity – Eg- 1967 Koyna Earthquake.

    Waterlogging and salinisation causing soil degradation.

    Health risks – Stagnant water increasing vector-borne diseases. Eg- Malaria and dengue

    Social conflict – Tensions between locals, migrants, and authorities.

    Climate uncertainty – Eg- Irregular monsoon impacting reservoir levels.

    Rational Policy for Dealing with Unforeseen Contingencies – must be Adaptive, Transparent, and Restorative.

    Comprehensive impact assessments for Procedural Justice

    Integrated Environmental, Social and Cultural Impact Assessments.

    Adaptive management- mandatory periodic reassessments every 5 years.

    The “Precautionary Principle”- If a risk (like a GLOF) is scientifically plausible but uncertain, the policy must favor environmental safety over construction.

    Ensuring Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) by Gram Sabhas under PESA Act 1996.

    The “Benefit-Sharing” Model- Making communities “partners in prosperity.”

    Just and participatory rehabilitation – Eg- Land for land

    Ecological Insurance Fund from electricity revenue for unforeseen disaster relief.

    Tribal Development Fund for Livelihood for Life

    Cultural Heritage Mapping before submergence.

    Ecological offsets – Compensatory afforestation and biodiversity corridors. (Inter-generational Equity principle)

    Grievance Redressal at the Doorstep through an independent Project Ombudsman.

    Risk governance – Eg- Flood warning systems downstream.

    Decommissioning Clause- a clear “End-of-Life” plan for the dam, ensuring the valley can eventually be restored.

    “Development without Justice is merely organized plunder.” By treating the mountain ecosystem with “Bio-centric Humility,” the state can mitigate the moral and physical risks of development.

  • With regard to morality of actions, one view is that means are of paramount importance and the other view is that the ends justify the means. Which view do you think is more appropriate? Justify your answer.

    The debate between the “Ends” and the “Means” is one of the oldest in moral philosophy, representing the tension between Consequentialism (Teleology) and Duty-based ethics (Deontology).

    Justification of Ends (Consequentialism)

    Maximizing Welfare- The primary goal is the “Common Good.”

    Strategic Necessity- Eg- For realist scholars of IR like Morgenthau, national interest takes precedence over means

    Efficiency in Governance- Eg- mandatory vaccination drives to address vaccine hesitancy

    Security and Intelligence- surveillance or “white lies” are necessary to prevent terrorism.

    Scientific Progress- Eg- Renaissance scientists stole bodies for dissection

    Economic Stabilization- Eg- Governments used taxpayer money to save “Too Big to Fail” banks during 2008 crisis

    Crisis Management- Eg- Emergency Triage – In war zones, doctors choose who to treat and who to let die based on survival probability

    Justification of Means (Deontology) – Immanuel Kant and Mahatma Gandhi

    Nishkama Karma (The Bhagavad Gita)- humans are only in control of their actions (means), not the results (ends).

    Moral Integrity- A “good” end achieved through “bad” means is a hollow victory that degrades the character of the actor.

    As Gandhi famously said, “The means may be likened to a seed, the end to a tree.”

    Protection of Individual Rights- Deontology ensures that individuals are never treated as mere “tools” for a larger goal.

    Preventing the “Slippery Slope”- Once you justify a small evil for a great good, it becomes easier to justify larger evils.

    Rule of Law- A smooth-functioning society depends on everyone following the rules, even when it’s inconvenient.

    Ensuring accountability – Eg- Whistleblowing by Edward Snowden – “end” (national security) did not justify the “means” (illegal mass surveillance and violation of privacy).

    Sustainable Peace- Forced peace (ends) through war (means) rarely lasts. Eg- “Truth and Reconciliation commission” in South Africa

    My View- I believe that the means are of paramount importance for the following reasons-

    Means are based on respect for Human Dignity

    Ends are Uncertain, Means are Absolute

    The Character of the System is defined by the culture and means used.

    Means build institutional trust

  • Falsehood takes the place of truth when it results in unblemished common good. -Tirukkural

    The above statement highlights the “teleological” approach to truth. It suggests that the moral value of an action is determined not just by the act itself, but by the ultimate outcome it produces for society.

    Justification of Falsehood

    Utilitarian ethics – Maximising overall welfare. Eg- During COVID-19, some governments delayed announcing lockdowns to prevent mass panic.

    Principle of non-maleficence – Preventing harm. Eg- Doctors not disclosing terminal diagnoses to prevent severe psychological shock.

    Doctrine of double effect – Harm avoided outweighs moral cost. Eg- Undercover police deceive suspects to dismantle trafficking networks.

    To maintain social harmony. Eg- administration declaring minor scuffle between two communities as a “personal dispute” to prevent a city-wide riot.

    Emergency ethics – in wartime, truth is so precious that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies. – Winston Churchill.

    Public interest principle – Eg- Withholding sensitive information during terror attacks to avoid aiding perpetrators.

    Virtue ethics – Compassion and prudence over rigid honesty.

    Protection of life – Right to life supersedes right to information. Eg- providing “New Identities” under witness protection

    Diplomatic De-escalation- During war, “back-channel” communications involve tactical denials to give face-saving exit to both countries.

    Counter-argument

    Erodes trust in governance.

    Slippery slope – “Noble lies” justify authoritarianism.

    “hiding failures.” Eg- falsifying COVID deaths

    Violates autonomy and right to truth.

    Accountability loss – Lies prevent public scrutiny.

    Long-term harm – Eg- initial denials of Chernobyl’s severity

    Moral corrosion – Ends justify means mentality spreads injustice.

    The Tirukkural does not provide a “license to lie” but rather a “test of virtue.” Lie is justified only when the good produced is “unblemished” (meaning it harms no one else) and “common” (benefiting all).

  • Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing ‘Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)’. How is this framework different from ‘Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005?

    As per UNDRR, Disaster risk reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development.

    Measures Taken in India Before Sendai Framework (Pre-2015)

    Disaster Management Act, 2005 established NDMA, SDMA, DDMAs – India’s first legal-institutional framework for DRR.

    Formation of NDRF (2006) – a specialised, trained, and equipped response force for multi-hazard operations. Played a major role in Uttarakhand floods (2013).

    National Policy on Disaster Management (2009) – Shifted policy from relief to prevention, preparedness, and mitigation.

    National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (2011) – World Bank assisted programme for mitigating risks of cyclones in 8 cyclone prone coastal States

    Early Warning Dissemination System (EWDS)

    Cyclone Risk Mitigation Infrastructure (CRMI)

    Technical Assistance for Capacity Building on Disaster Risk Management

    Project Management and Monitoring

    Measures Taken After Adoption of Sendai Framework (Post-2015)

    (Aligned with Sendai’s four priorities: risk knowledge, governance, investment, preparedness & BBB.)

    National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), 2016 – India’s first national plan fully aligned with Sendai Framework, covering:

    Multi-hazard risk assessment,

    Prevention-mitigation strategies,

    Sector-wise responsibilities (health, housing, power, transport, education),

    Monitoring indicators aligned with Sendai’s seven global targets.

    Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS) – integrates satellite, radar, and IoT data via the IMD’s Decision Support System (DSS). Improves accuracy by 20-40%. Apps used are

    MAUSAM: General weather forecasts.

    DAMINI: Lightning alerts.

    MEGHDOOT: Agromet advisories for farmers.

    Nature-Based Solutions – Mangrove restoration (MISHTI), wetland protection (Amrit Dharohar) to reduce cyclone/flood vulnerability.

    Shift in disaster-financing architecture – from earlier response-only funds to separate mitigation funds at national and state level as per recommendations of 15th FC

    Community-Based Disaster Management under Aapda Mitra/Aapda Sakhi.

    GIS-Based Hazard Mapping– Eg- National Landslide Susceptibility Mapping (NLSM 2023) covers all Himalayan states.

    Global Efforts – Launched coalition of disaster disaster resilient infrastructure

    National Landslide Risk Mitigation Programme (NLRMP) –

    Cyclone Preparedness (Odisha Model) – Mass evacuations, cyclone shelters, and resilient infrastructure. Eg- Only 64 deaths in Cyclone Fani (2019).

    City/state-specific Heat Action Plans (HAPs) for heatwave prediction + response + healthcare preparedness. Eg- Ahmedabad HAP cut mortality by 30-40% since 2013.

    Difference between Hyogo and Sendai Frameworks

    The Sendai Framework’s proactive approach is essential for making Bharat a ‘weather-ready and climate-smart’ nation.

    Disaster Specific

  • India’s proximity to two of the world’s biggest illicit opium-growing states has enhanced her internal security concerns. Explain the linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as gunrunning, money laundering and human trafficking. What counter-measures should be taken to prevent the same?

    India lies between the Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle

    Narco-Terrorism as a Serious Threat in India

    Nexus between Terror Groups and Organised Crime to move drugs and launder money.

    Destabilisation of Border States– Eg- Rising drug addiction and arms recovery in Punjab.

    Use of Advanced Technology– Eg- Drone-based drug and arms drops across the Punjab border.

    Threat to Youth and Social Fabric – Eg- as per AIIMS report, 15.4% of Punjab’s population was engaged in some form of substance use (over 3 million people)

    .

    Maritime security concerns –

    Overburdens law enforcement and judicial systems.

    Creates parallel illicit economies, undermining governance.

    Linkages between Drug Trafficking and Other Illicit Activities

    Drug Trafficking-Gunrunning Nexus – Eg- Heroin smuggling via Punjab border linked with arms drops using drones from across the border.

    Drug Trafficking-Money Laundering Nexus – Drug proceeds are laundered through hawala networks, shell companies and benami assets.

    Drug Trafficking-Terrorism Nexus (Narco-terrorism)– Eg- Heroin trade from Afghanistan funding terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir.

    Drug Trafficking-Human Trafficking Nexus- Eg- Rohingya and migrant trafficking routes in Northeast India overlapping with narcotics corridors.

    Drug Trafficking-Organised Crime Nexus– Eg- Mafia networks in border states controlling drug distribution and extortion.

    Drug Trafficking-Counterfeit Currency Nexus – Fake currency used to settle drug deals and destabilise economy.

    Drug Trafficking-Cybercrime Nexus– Eg- Use of encrypted messaging apps and crypto wallets for narcotics trade.

    Measures to Counter Narco-Terrorism

    Strengthening Border Management – Enhance surveillance, fencing, anti-drone systems and coastal security.

    Integrated Intelligence – Seamless coordination among NIA, NCIB, ED, DRI, state police and intelligence agencies.

    Targeting Financial Networks – Crackdown on money laundering, hawala and benami assets linked to drug trade.

    International Cooperation – Cooperation under FATF framework and bilateral mechanisms.

    Legal and Institutional Strengthening – Swift prosecution under Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985

    Technological Solutions – Use of AI, data analytics and drone monitoring to track trafficking routes.

    Fast track implementation of National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA)

    Community Policing – Involve border communities in intelligence gathering.

    A multi-pronged strategy under zero tolerance for narcotics is essential to dismantle the narco-terror ecosystem and ‘Nasha Mukt Bharat’.

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