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  • Vitamin-D Deficiency

    The pandemic-induced lockdown has confined people to their houses for five months now. The resultant lack of sunlight, followed by rains, has brought down the vitamin D levels to the lowest.

    Try this PYQ from CSP 2014:

    Q.Consider the following pairs:

    Vitamin Deficiency:: Disease

    1. Vitamin C::Scurvy
    2. Vitamin D:: Rickets
    3. Vitamin E:: Night blindness

    Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

    (a) 1 and 2 only

    (b) 3 only

    (c) 1, 2 and 3

    (d) None

    What is Vitamin-D?

    • Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that has myriad positive effects on several systems in the body.
    • Unlike other vitamins, it functions like a hormone and every cell in your body has a receptor for it.
    • It is sparsely found in certain fatty fish and fortified dairy products, and it is extremely difficult to get the Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) of 600-800 IU from diet alone.

    There are two main forms of vitamin D in the diet:

    – Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) — found in plant foods like mushrooms.
    – Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) — found in animal foods like salmon, cod and egg yolks.

    Common signs and symptoms of the deficiency

    Vitamin D deficiency is incredibly common and most people are unaware of it, as the symptoms are subtle and nonspecific.

    – Getting sick or infected often with common cold and flu, because of a weak immune system.
    – Fatigue and tiredness
    – Bone and muscle pains
    – Depression
    – Impaired wound healing
    – Bone loss and osteoporosis

    Sources of Vit. D

    • Sunlight is the best natural source of vitamin D. Sunlight synthesizes cholesterol into Vitamin D3.
    • Usually, 20 to 30 minutes of sun exposure between 10 am and 3 pm is adequate to meet daily requirements, in places with minimum pollution levels.

  • [Burning Issue] Rolling-out of National Digital Health Mission

    The National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) announced by the PM on the 74th Independence Day has the potential to transform the healthcare sector, making it more technologically advanced, inclusive and delivery-driven.

    Digitizing Healthcare: A Backgrounder

    • The National Health Policy 2017 had envisaged creation of a digital health technology eco-system aiming at developing an integrated health information system.
    • A Digital Health ID was proposed to reduce the risk of preventable medical errors and significantly increase the quality of care.
    • In the context of this, the NITI Aayog, in June 2018, floated a consultation of a digital backbone for India’s health system — National Health Stack (NHS).
    • A committee headed by former Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) chairman released the National Digital Health Blueprint (NDHB) in July 2019.
    • It recognised the need to establish a specialised ecosystem, called the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) which finally landed on the tarmac on this Independence Day.

    The National Digital Health Mission

    • The NDHM is a digital health ecosystem under which every Indian citizen will now have unique health IDs, digitized health records with identifiers for doctors and health facilities.
    • The mission will significantly improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of health service delivery and will be a major step towards the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3.8 of Universal Health Coverage, including financial risk protection.

    Components of the mission

    The suite of digital systems consists of Health ID, DigiDoctor, Health Facility Registry (HFR), Personal Health Records, e-Pharmacy, and Telemedicine.

    The mission envisages the creation of these core digital systems which are built to support timely access to safe, affordable healthcare for all citizens and will accelerate the country’s progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC).

    Unique features

    The mission has unique features which make it very attractive for all the stakeholders to be part of the system, some of which are as follows:

    Expected benefits

    (1) Prioritizing patients

    • Say, mortality from Covid-19 is significantly increased by comorbidities or the presence of other underlying conditions like hypertension or diabetes.
    • With digital health records, doctors can prioritise patients based on their test results.

    (2) Portability of health records

    • Portability of records fairly eases in a patient with the first hospital visit, or her/his most frequently visited hospital.
    • If she/he wishes to change a healthcare provider for cost or quality reasons, she can access her health records without carrying pieces of paper — prescriptions and test reports.
    • People will able to access their lab reports, x-rays and prescriptions irrespective of where they were generated, and share them with doctors or family members — with consent.

    (3) Easy facilitation

    • This initiative will allow patients to access healthcare facilities remotely through e-pharmacies, online appointments, teleconsultation, and other health benefits.
    • Besides, as all the medical history of the patient is recorded in the Health ID card, it will help the doctor to understand the case better, and improved medication can be offered.
    • It is non-prescriptive — unlike its predecessor from a few years ago, it steers away from designing a monolithic EMR (an electronic medical record) and instead only provides data facilitation exchange between patients, providers and payers.

    (4) Technology impetus in policymaking

    • Meanwhile, it is also not just individuals who could emerge beneficiaries of the scheme.
    • With large swathes of data being made available, the government too can form policies based on geographical, demographical, and risk-factor based monitoring of health.

    Various Issues

    The imminent adoption of NDHM in the absence of a data protection law has led for the policymakers to plan for two policies — security of health systems, and privacy of personal health records.

    With the unavailability of information security laws related to healthcare in India, the following could be the repercussions or could lead to violation of the mandatory requirements:

    (1) High Probability of Data Breach:

    The data breach occurs when any person or corporate generates, collects, stores, transmits or discloses digital health information in contravention to the provisions or standards laid down.

    (2) Data Ownership and Standardization Issues:

     An owner shall have the right to give/refuse or withdraw consent for the storage and transmission of digital health data. In terms of standardization, it is very important to transform the data before loading it to the target system.

    (3) Data Normalization Issues:

    Data Normalization is done to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. In view of the unavailability of such laws, it could bring redundancy as data could exist in multiple forms.

    (4) Data Collection, Storage and Transmission Challenges:

    The purpose of data generation, collection, storage and transmission is to facilitate health and clinical research and health care quality. But the unavailability of data protection and information security laws (for maintaining CIA- confidentiality, Integrity and Availability) could lead to the collection of data without informing the owner, lack of privacy controls while storing in the cloud and transmitting the data without the consent of the owner.

    (5) Illegal data selling and theft: Unavailability of appropriate laws could lead to incidents where digital health data is acquired or accessed without proper authorization. For example, monetizing the patient data for the purpose of research and innovation may also be misused by its illegal selling without the knowledge of the patient, thereby, leaking his sensitive data amounting to the violation of data privacy.

    (6) Data Quality Issues- There could be the following data quality issues that can be encountered without the proper laws in place:

    • Duplicated data: Repeated data making it difficult to uniquely identify the record;
    • Inconsistent data formats: Storing the same data in multiple tables from different data sources;
    • Inaccurate data: Either the data is obsolete or has errors in it;
    • Excessive data: Unusable data could be a waste of storage and cost;
    • Poorly Defined data: Causes misunderstanding around the proper methodology for data management.

    India has not yet enacted specific and full-fledged legislation on data protection. Of course, the Parliament of India had amended the Information Technology Act (2000) (“IT Act”) to include specific section 43A, but it only includes corporates and not individuals regarding compensation for failure to protect data.

    Other inherent issues

    • A fragmented private healthcare market consisting of single-doctor clinics, nursing homes, non-profits and corporate hospitals have varying adoption rates of digitization.
    • Corporate hospitals like Max, Apollo, Fortis, etc. have voluntarily adopted electronic health records standards notified by the government.
    • However, it is not possible for a patient to digitally transfer their health records from one type of hospital or a healthcare provider to another.
    • Critical to that is also the role of doctors, who will play a significant role in maintaining electronic digital data.
    • The growth path is powered by clinicians and we haven’t really been successful in filling the void.
    • India currently has 0.8 doctors per 1,000 patients, in comparison to over 2 per 1,000 in China and 2.6 in the US. The WHO recommends 1 doctor to 1,000 patients.

    Making it happen

    Many countries are lightyears ahead of India in their use of digital health records, but none has anchored its vision as robustly around the public health records, as has the current iteration of the NDHM.

    Making it a success will have to fill the voids discuss above.

    To enable seamless data exchange, all users must be incentivized or mandated to adopt a standard language of communication.  The spiraling burden for documentation had led to absurd situations. It is imperative that India, while embracing global standards, seriously rethinks what to document, when, why, and most importantly, by whom.

    Conclusion

    There is no doubt that NDHM launched will significantly improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of health services delivery including building a paperless system and will facilitate online consultation with the doctors. But data protection and privacy are the keys to the success of this mission.

    The usual conclusion rests with a generic statement-

    “These tectonic shifts won’t all happen all of sudden. Or within the cyclical tenure of bureaucrats or politicians. And they won’t occur in the absence of the long-overdue overhaul of healthcare delivery in India. But when they do, they will advance medicine and health for all.”

     

    References

    https://www.civilsdaily.com/mains/how-the-proposed-national-digital-health-mission-could-transform-health-system-in-india-what-are-the-concerns-with-it-10-marks/

    http://www.mondaq.com/india/healthcare/980800/national-digital-health-mission-harnessing-technology-to-strengthen-healthcare-in-india

    https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/15/explained-what-is-the-national-digital-health-mission-how-does-a-health-id-card-help.html

  • 4th Sep 2020 | Prelims Daily with Previous Year Questions

    [WpProQuiz 515]

    [WpProQuiz_toplist 514]

  • Eye-Opener Coming Up! Catch the Second Basic Economic Prelims Test (5th September) to Re-imagine How You Look At UPSC Prelims

    Click here to enrol for the Prime Prelims TS 2021

    What was it that initially made Great Britain bleed but subsequently helped it to secure a smashing victory in the second world war? Enigma it was. Alan Turing built the “Turing Machine” that helped decrypt the seemingly unbreakable German Code. Then something very astonishing followed. Great Britain exploited the loopholes of the Enigma itself and the Germans lost without having the slightest hint of Enigma being compromised.

    For a UPSC Aspirant, isn’t the “unpredictable” paper setting pattern of UPSC a modern-day Enigma? But what if there was a “Turing Machine” that could break into this “Unbreakable” code of UPSC? For your amusement, there is one.

    Talking about UPSC Civil Services Prelims, mock test series has become a Categorical Imperative. But which one truly breaks the “UPSC Enigma”? How about one made by Frontline Warriors themselves (Veteran Aspirants) who have successfully cleared prelims five or six times consecutively? Isn’t the collective wisdom of these “Alan Turings” the closest version of a “UPSC Turing Machine”?

    Now, let us speak about the test in question. It’s the eighth test of the newly launched Prelims Test Series for 2021 by CivilsDaily. It’s a Basic Economics Test covering dynamic topics like Agriculture, Industries, Infrastructure, International Trade and related International Bodies.. Let’s see how it is the first step towards breaking the “UPSC Enigma”:

    1. CD Special Questions:

    These questions are special due to their;

    • Mind-Twisting Nature (Deceptive questions that fool you exactly as UPSC does in the real exam)
    • Exclusiveness (These Perspectives / Themes are only available in CD tests). 

    Have a look –

    Q. Consider the following regarding Logistic Performance Index (LPI):

    1. It is released by Word bank bi-annually.

    2. LPI ranking of India has increased over the last few years.

    3. The logistic sector has been given infrastructure status.

    Which of the above statements is/are correct?

    a. 1 and 2 only

    b. 1 and 3 only

    c. 2 and 3 only

    d. All of them

    Try guessing the right answer to this seemingly simple yet tricky question.

    2. Tikdams:

    These are Logical Solving Techniques that help you attempt questions despite having little or no idea about the question. It’s almost like getting a master key to the prelims paper. Have a look –

    Q. With reference to the Zero based budgeting, consider the following statements:

    1. It is a method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each new period.

    2. It is a faster process than traditional cost-based budgeting.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    a. 1 only

    b. 2 only

    c. Noth of them

    d. Neither of them

    The test explains this basic question by using a Technique we call “Extreme Exaggeration” (assuming you don’t know the correct answer).

    3. Evidence-Based Question Framing:

    To keep close to the real demand of the exam. Have a look –

    Q. With reference to the Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP), consider the following statements:

    1. It is aimed at generating self-employment opportunities in the farm sector.

    2. Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is the nodal agency at the national level.

    3. It is being implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    a. 1 and 2 only

    b. 2 only

    c. 1 and 3 only

    d. All of them

    Now, UPSC has asked multiple questions on the basic economic functioning and schemes of the economy. You can’t afford to err on a probable question that may be asked on similar lines.

    4. Is the test really BASIC?

    Framing random questions irrespective of the difficulty level of the tests is like serving the same wine in different bottles. Have a look –

    Q. Which of the following are included under Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs)

    1. Hedge Fund

    2. Angel Fund

    3. Debt Fund

    4. Mutual Fund

    Which of the above statements is/are correct?

    a. 1, 2 and 3 only

    b. 2, 3 and 4 only

    c. 1, 3 and 4 only

    d. 1, 2 and 4 only

    The motive to incorporate such questions in the basic test is to garner a general idea of the topics before you as an aspirant are mentally ready to face the advanced tests.

    5. Conceptual vs Factual Categorisation:

    It lets you realise your comparative strength in different types of questions. Have a look –

    Q. “Partial Credit Enhancement”, sometimes mentioned in the news, refers to:

    a. Increasing the Credit uptake from Banks for Infrastructure companies.

    b. Enhancing the credit rating of the bonds and enabling the issuer to access funds on better terms.

    c. Restructuring the non-performing assets accounts to make them financially viable.

    d. None of the above

    This is a basic Conceptual question. If you get this wrong, you need to rework the concepts of Monetary Dynamics and Bond Market which are an important aspects of Economy Syllabus.

    So come be a part of our “UPSC Enigma” Breaking Endeavour. Like Great Britain, we shall emerge VICTORIOUS.

    Click here to enrol for the Prime Prelims TS 2021

  • Rocket Booster Coming Up – Extra Marks in Prelims 2020 landing at your doorstep | Link for Score Booster Lectures (Tikdams) inside

    Rocket Booster Coming Up – Extra Marks in Prelims 2020 landing at your doorstep | Link for Score Booster Lectures (Tikdams) inside

     

    Click here for Score Booster lectures playlist

    The final stage of the GSLV Rocket i.e. the Cryogenic stage is the most tricky and critical part of the rocket’s flight. But when it executes successfully, the entire country feels thrilled.

    Are the final weeks before the prelims exam any less tricky and critical if you desire that ‘golden entry ticket’ into the Mains Examination Hall? And thrilled you will be if you perform handsomely in the prelims paper by utilizing these few weeks smartly.

    But wait a second.

    This is not about revision. At this juncture, you are mature enough to decide your day-wise subject and time allotment. But what beyond revision? Don’t you want to outsmart the senior candidates who manage to score pretty high with relatively lesser efforts?

    Watch the video shared below. Despite it being a part of our paid programme, on request by a lot of students we are making it available to all.

    https://youtu.be/e5UJm1G1wDA

    Yes. we’re talking about Logical Paper Solving Skills or Tikdams as we call them at Civilsdaily.

    What’s exciting is that a readymade playlist of the initial videos is made available on the internet. Getting a knack over these practical techniques has completely changed the game for many candidates.

    Do take advantage of it. See how Zeeshan sir has dissected UPSC Prelims Questions of past years and tried to impart these special skills to you.

    Click here for Score Booster lectures playlist

     

    tikdam civilsdaily prelims 2020 UPSC 2021 civilsdaily ias

    Here you can access the complete playlist of freely available videos and get an entirely new perspective of looking at prelims.

    Ultimately, your Prelims Rocket will get the much-needed thrust by a combination of your command over the syllabus, lots of paper solving practice complemented by these time-tested techniques.

    All the best for your flight.

    Click to fill the form: Samanvaya for IAS 2020-21

    Aspirants, be it at any stage of preparation have a number of questions like: How to start? When to start writing answers? How and from where to cover current affairs? When to start mains? and a lot more of them.

    Well, don’t keep these questions with you. We are here for you. Let’s talk and discuss with senior mentors from Civilsdaily.

    Click to fill the form: Samanvaya for IAS 2020-21 (We’ll call you)

  • Non-War Military Tactics used by China

    An annual report from the U.S. Department of Defense describes Chinese leaders’ use of tactics short of armed conflict to further the country’s objectives, citing border conflicts with India and Bhutan among the examples.

    Try this question:

    Q. What are Non-War Military Activities (NWMA)? Discuss how China is using NWMA as a tool for its overtly ambitious expansionist policy.

    Various non-war military tactics

    The report describes Non-War Military Activities (NWMA) as one of two kinds of military operations (the other is war) used by the PLA. NWMA can be conducted internationally or domestically and encompass activities in multiple domains.

    (1) Provoking armed conflict

    • China calibrates its coercive activities to fall below the threshold of provoking conflict with the United States, its allies and partners, or others in the Indo-Pacific region.
    • It can notably include operations in which the PLA uses coercive threats and/or violence below the level of armed conflict against states and other actors to safeguard its expansionism.
    • These tactics are particularly evident in China’s pursuit of its territorial and maritime claims in the South and East China Seas as well as along its border with India and Bhutan.

    (2) Neo-imperialist tools

    • China also employs non-military tools coercively, including economic tools during periods of political tensions with countries that China accuses of harming its national interests.
    • The Belt and Road Initiative is leading to a greater overseas military presence for China in the guise to protect its economic interests.

    (3) Multilateralism as a strategic messaging tool

    • The report says that China uses multilateral forums and international organisations to generate new opportunities to expand its influence, strengthen its political influence.
    • It promotes strategic messaging that portrays China as a responsible global actor, advances its development interests, and limit outside interference in and criticism of its initiatives.
    • The Brazil Russia India China South Africa (BRICS) grouping and Shanghai Cooperation Organization are among those cited as examples of this alleged phenomenon.

  • New Official Languages in J&K

    The Union Cabinet has approved a Bill to introduce Hindi, Kashmiri and Dogri as official languages in Jammu and Kashmir, in addition to Urdu and English. As of now, the official language is Urdu and Kashmiri is recognised as a regional language.

    Try this PYQ:

    Q.Consider the following languages:

    1. Gujarati
    2. Kannada
    3. Telugu

    Which of the above has/have been declared as ‘Classical Language/ Languages’ by the Government?

    (a) 1 and 2 only

    (b) 3 only

    (c) 2 and 3 only

    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    Languages in J&K

    • In the undivided Jammu and Kashmir state, various ethnicities spoke Kashmiri, Pahari, Gojri, Ladakhi, Dogri, Balti and Punjabi as their mother tongues.
    • Urdu and Hindi had become a means for inter-community communication.
    • In 1889, Maharaja Pratap Singh, the third ruler of the Hindu Dogra dynasty, replaced Persian with Urdu as the court language.
    • It was an anomaly that the three languages — Dogri, Hindi and Kashmiri — which are spoken by nearly 70 per cent of the population of Jammu and Kashmir were not approved for use in official business.

    Official languages in India

    • Article 343 of the Indian constitution stated that the official language of the Union is Hindi in Devanagari script instead of the extant English.
    • Later, a constitutional amendment, The Official Languages Act, 1963, allowed for the continuation of English alongside Hindi in the Indian government indefinitely until legislation decides to change it.
    • The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union is “the international form of Indian numerals”, which are referred to as Arabic numerals in most English-speaking countries.
    • Despite the misconceptions, Hindi is not the national language of India; the Constitution of India does not give any language the status of the national language.
    • The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 22 languages, which have been referred to as scheduled languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement.

    Other classical languages

    • In addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu.
    • Classical language status is given to languages which have a rich heritage and independent nature.

  • Black Holes Merger

    Billions of years ago, a collision between two black holes sent gravitational waves rippling through the universe. In 2019, signals from these waves were detected at the gravitational wave observatory LIGO (United States) and the detector Virgo (Italy).

    Try this PYQ:

    Q.Recently, scientists observed the merger of giant ‘blackholes’ billions of light-years away from the Earth. What is the significance of this observation?

    (a) ‘Higgs boson particles’ were detected.

    (b) ‘Gravitational waves’ were detected.

    (c) Possibility of inter-galactic space travel through ‘wormhole’ was confirmed.

    (d) It enabled the scientists to understand ‘singularity’.

    Why in news?

    • The cause of curiosity is the mass of one of the parent black holes, which defies traditional knowledge of how black holes are formed.

    What exactly was detected?

    • It was a signal from a gravitational wave, a relatively new field of discovery.
    • Gravitational waves are invisible ripples that form when a star explodes in a supernova; when two big stars orbit each other; and when two black holes merge.
    • Travelling at the speed of light, gravitational waves squeeze and stretch anything in their path.

    Detecting gravitational waves

    • Gravitational waves were proposed by Albert Einstein in his General Theory of Relativity over a century ago.
    • It was only in 2015, however, that the first gravitational wave was actually detected — by LIGO. Since then, there have been a number of subsequent detections of gravitational waves.
    • The signal detected at LIGO and Virgo, as described by the LIGO Collaboration, resembled “about four short wiggles” and lasted less than one-tenth of a second.

    Where did it come from?

    • Subsequent analysis suggested that GW190521 had most likely been generated by a merger of two black holes. The signal likely represented the instance that the two merged.
    • It was calculated to have come from roughly 17 billion light-years away, and from a time when the universe was about half its age.

    Some questions to verify

    • The findings led to further questions.
    • One of the two merging black holes falls in an “intermediate-mass” range — a misfit that cannot be explained by traditional knowledge of how black holes form.

    Why is it unusual?

    • All the black holes observed so far belong to either of two categories.
    • One category ranges between a few solar masses (one solar mass is the mass of our Sun) and tens of solar masses. These are thought to form when massive stars die.
    • The other category is of supermassive black holes. This range from hundreds of thousands, to billions of times that of our sun.
    • According to traditional knowledge, stars that could give birth to black holes between 65 and 120 solar masses do not do so — stars in this range blow themselves apart when they die, without collapsing into a black hole.

    Observing for the first time

    • In the merger leading to the GW190521 signal, the larger black hole was of 85 solar masses —well within this unexpected range, known as the pair-instability mass gap.
    • It is the first “intermediate-mass” black hole ever observed. (In fact, the smaller black hole to is borderline, at 66 solar masses.)
    • The two merged to create a new black hole of about 142 solar masses. Energy equivalent to eight solar masses was released in the form of gravitational waves, leading to the strongest ever wave detected by scientists so far.

    Possible reasons for its formation

    • The researchers suggest that the 85-solar-mass black hole was not the product of a collapsing star, but was itself the result of a previous merger.
    • Formed by a collision between two black holes, it is likely that the new black hole then merged with the 66-solar-mass black hole — leading to gravitational waves and the signal received by LIGO and Virgo.

  • Kalasa-Banduri Dam Project

    India is on the brink of an acute water crisis, which has, to an extent, fabricated a looming threat of trans-boundary water conflicts. The conflict on the Mandovi / Mahadayi River— flowing through Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra— is one such example.

    Try this PYQ:

    What is common to the places known as Aliyar, Isapur and Kangsabati?

    (a) Recently discovered uranium deposits

    (b) Tropical rain forests

    (c) Underground cave systems

    (d) Water reservoirs

    Kalasa-Banduri Project

    • The project undertaken by the Karnataka government proposes to divert Mandovi river water from Kalasa and Banduri canals into the Malaprabha river in the state.
    • The project received clearance from the Centre in 2002. It aims to construct a total of 11 dams on the river Mandovi.
    • The diversion of water from Kalasa and Banduri nullahs, however, has been the point of contention between Karnataka and Goa, with the latter claiming it would strip the state of its flora and fauna.

    The conflict

    • The Mandovi originates from Karnataka’s Belgaum district.
    • The Mandovi river basin falls into the states of Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra.
    • The river is 81 kilometres (km) in length; 35 km of which flows in Karnataka, 1 km in Maharashtra and 45 km in Goa.
    • The seeds of the conflict were sowed over 40 years ago: In 1985, Karnataka initially explored a 350 megawatt-hydro-electric project to divert 50 per cent of the Mandovi river water in Karnataka for irrigation.
    • The plan was also to allow a steady flow of water from the power project’s storage dam after using the water for irrigation purposes in Karnataka.
    • This would have served to drinking water and irrigation purposes in Goa as well.

  • [pib] NIDHI-EIR Programme

    A brochure featuring Entrepreneurs in Residence (EIR) under the National Initiative for Developing and Harnessing Innovations (NIDHI) programme was launched by Dept. of Science and Technology (DST).

    Try this MCQ:

    Q.The NIDHI-EIR Programme sometimes seen in news functions under the:

    a)Ministry of Science & Technology

    b)Ministry of Commerce and Industry

    c)Ministry of Finance

    d)Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

    About NIDHI-EIR

    • DST has announced a National Initiative for Developing and Harnessing Innovations (NIDHI) is an umbrella programme for nurturing ideas and innovations into successful startups.
    • EIR programme is one of the programs introduced under NIDHI to inspire the best talents to be entrepreneurs, to minimise the risk involved in pursuing start-ups, and to partially set off their opportunity costs of high paying jobs.
    • It provides tremendous opportunities for innovative entrepreneurs to expand their networks and get critical feedback on their ventures in order to promote their entrepreneurial career goals and aspirations.

    The opportunities under NIDHI-EIR program include:

    • Guidance from experienced, innovative and highly successful entrepreneurs on the business concept, strategy or venture and insight into specific industries or markets.
    • Best practices for starting a business and broaden the professional network.
    • Co-working spaces for developing the idea into a marketable product.

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