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Consider the following materials

Consider the following materials:
1. Agricultural residues
2. Corn grain
3. Wastewater treatment sludge
4. Wood mill waste
Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel?

(a)

1 and 2 only

(b)

3 and 4 only

(c)

1,2,3 and 4*

(d)

1,3 and 4 only

Answer:

(c)

Non-traditional

Explanation

SAF is a type of biofuel – meaning it is made from plant or animal materials rather than fossil fuels Agricultural residues: Agricultural residues such as straw, husks, stalks, and other biomass leftover from farming activities can be used as feedstock for producing SAF. These residues can undergo biochemical or thermochemical processes to convert them into biofuels. Corn grain: Corn grain can also be used as a feedstock for producing biofuels. It can be converted into ethanol through fermentation processes, which can then be further processed to produce SAF. Wastewater treatment sludge: Wastewater treatment sludge can be a challenging feedstock due to its composition and processing requirements. However, under certain advanced processes, organic components in sludge can be converted into biofuels, including SAF. Wood mill waste: Wood mill waste, such as sawdust, wood chips, and wood shavings, can be utilized as feedstock for biofuels production. These materials can undergo thermochemical processes like gasification or pyrolysis to produce synthetic fuels, including SAF. https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/airbus-and-csir-iip-collaborate-to-advance-sustainable-aviation-fuel-in-india/ https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/sustainable-jet-fuel-astm-certified-2023/