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Smash Mains X-Factor Notes: Indian Polity and Governance, GS Paper II, revised for UPSC Mains 2026

Attempt PYQ Live, 2013 to 2026

Prelims and Mains Microthemes books: Prelims 2009–2025 and GS Mains 2013–2025

Smash Mains X-Factor Notes

Attempt PYQ Live 2013–2026

Prelims & Mains Microthemes

6th October

Economics › Demographic Dividend

The looming crisis of world unemployment

GS3 · GS3-01.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

6 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Polity › Judiciary

Appointment of Judges to High Courts and Supreme Court

GS2 · GS2-09.Appointment to various Constitutional posts; Constitutional Bodies(powers, functions and responsibilities); Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi-judicial bodies

6 Oct 2026

PIB Prelims Only
Economics › Infrastructure Sector

Saving Time, Shortening Journeys

GS3 · GS3-13.Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc:

6 Oct 2026

PIB
International Relations › Bilateral Relations

India-Japan Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

GS2 · GS2-18.Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

6 Oct 2026

PIB Prelims Only
International Relations › Bilateral Relations

India-UAE Joint Military Exercise MOUNTAIN GUARDIAN 2026

GS2 · GS2-18.Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

6 Oct 2026

PIB Prelims Only
Science and Technology › Nobel Prizes

Nobel Medicine Prize 2026: How scientists use light to control brain cells

GS3 · GS3-17.Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, Bio-technology and issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights.

6 Oct 2026

Explained
Social Justice › Disabled

Disabled citizens and the future of AI

GS2 · GS2-10.Government Policies & Interventions for development of various sectors (issues in their design, implementation)

6 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws Op-ed SC Judgements
Social Justice › Education

The problem is not just what history textbooks teach, but also what they don’t

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

6 Oct 2026

DOMR Op-ed
Geography › Water Management

From India to Global South, a Gujarat water-governance model

GS2 · GS2-10.Government Policies & Interventions for development of various sectors (issues in their design, implementation)

6 Oct 2026

Op-ed Schemes
Environment › Biodiversity

Bird islands

GS3 · GS3-18.Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.

6 Oct 2026

National Parks/WS Op-ed Species
International Relations › Bilateral Relations

India, Switzerland to strengthen ties in defence, nuclear energy sectors

GS2 · GS2-18.Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

6 Oct 2026

IOCR
International Relations › Conflict Zones/Areas of Interest broad-based

The limits of US’s West Asia strategy are showing

GS2 · GS2-19.Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

6 Oct 2026

Op-ed
International Relations › Indian Diaspora

In Germany, Indian migrants caught between politics, policy

GS2 · GS2-19.Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

6 Oct 2026

Op-ed
International Relations › Geo-politics affecting India's Interest

From calling for peace, Delhi is now working for it

GS2 · GS2-19.Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

6 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

Dozen Bengal Tribunal judges flag their EC portal: ‘Can’t serve notices, hold hearings or restore deleted voters’

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

6 Oct 2026

DOMR SC Judgements
Polity › Federalism

Why are States divided over the mining amendment?

GS2 · GS2-02.Functions & responsibilities of the Union and the States; issues and challenges of federal structure;

6 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws States
Polity › ParliamentxPrivileges

House privileges vs free speech: The question before Supreme Court

GS2 · GS2-06.Parliament and State Legislatures (structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges; issues therein)

6 Oct 2026

Explained SC Judgements
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

ECI must not force voters to lie. Solution may lie in a Form 6X

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

6 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws DOMR Op-ed
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

The knock on the Supreme Court’s door

GS2 · GS2-09.Appointment to various Constitutional posts; Constitutional Bodies(powers, functions and responsibilities); Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi-judicial bodies

6 Oct 2026

DOMR Op-ed
Economics › Infrastructure Sector

Only 9% use public transport to go to work

GS3 · GS3-13.Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc:

6 Oct 2026

DOMR First/Record
Economics › Infrastructure Sector

Coal stocks critically low as power demand rises in India

GS3 · GS3-13.Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc:

6 Oct 2026

DOMR
5th October

Economics › Industries

PM-SETU: One Year of Transforming India’s ITIs

GS3 · GS3-12.Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth

5 Oct 2026

PIB
Economics › Finance/Capital Market

NABKISAN WASH Social Bond

GS3 · GS3-01.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

5 Oct 2026

PIB Prelims Only
Science and Technology › Emerging TechXSpace

India’s First 5.56 km Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution Link

GS3 · GS3-15.Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.

5 Oct 2026

First/Record PIB Prelims Only
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

[5th October 2026] The Hindu OpED: The ECI’s constitutional mandate is under strain

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

5 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Social Justice › Health

Why India doesn’t screen for its deadliest cancer

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

5 Oct 2026

Explained
Social Justice › Education

The sore lack of hostels in DU

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

5 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Social Justice › Education

Two or three?

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

5 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Environment › SpeciesXThreats and Conservation efforts

2 captive-bred Great Indian Bustards released in national park

GS3 · GS3-18.Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.

5 Oct 2026

First/Record National Parks/WS Species
Internal Security › Security Forces mandate

The tussle over top posts in Central Armed Police Forces and IPS deputation

GS3 · GS3-24.Various Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate.

5 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws Explained SC Judgements
International Relations › Conflict Zones/Areas of Interest broad-based

Outbound force

GS2 · GS2-19.Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

5 Oct 2026

Op-ed
International Relations › Bilateral Relations

In trade deal with US, India needs to secure terms harder to reverse

GS2 · GS2-18.Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

5 Oct 2026

Op-ed
International Relations › Geo-politics affecting India's Interest

Colby’s mid-term report card, what it means for India

GS2 · GS2-19.Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

5 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Governance › Govt. Programs

Team depth to individual gaps: India’s Asian Games report card for LA 2028

GS2 · GS2-10.Government Policies & Interventions for development of various sectors (issues in their design, implementation)

5 Oct 2026

Schemes
Governance › Sectoral Regulatory Bodies

How regulation stifles HEIs

GS2 · GS2-09.Appointment to various Constitutional posts; Constitutional Bodies(powers, functions and responsibilities); Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi-judicial bodies

5 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws Op-ed
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

EC releases video for EROs on SIR notice disposal; no written instructions so far

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

5 Oct 2026

DOMR
Economics › Banking Regulations

Subhash Chandra’s IBC deal: ED probe focuses on big haircuts, proxy bidders

GS3 · GS3-01.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

5 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws DOMR
Economics › Budget, Fiscal Policy

Global capital is no longer cheap, that’s the challenge

GS3 · GS3-01.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

5 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Economics › GST

Next-Gen GST and India’s next phase of growth

GS3 · GS3-01.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

5 Oct 2026

Op-ed

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