Why in the News?
According to the Sample Registration System (SRS) 2021 report, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in India remains unchanged at 2.0 children per woman, the same as in 2020. This indicates a continued trend towards population STABILIZATION.
Note:
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About Total Fertility Rate (TFR):
- The TFR is the average number of children a woman is expected to have by the end of her reproductive years (15–49 Age), assuming current age-specific fertility rates remain constant.
- TFR is a crucial demographic indicator used to assess population growth trends.
- A TFR of 2.1 is considered the replacement level, where a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next.
- A TFR below 2.1 can lead to negative population growth, an ageing population, and socioeconomic issues such as a shrinking workforce and increased pressure on social welfare systems.
- According to NFHS-5 (2019–21), India’s TFR declined from 2.2 in 2015–16 to 2.0, indicating progress toward population stabilization.
| [UPSC 2024] The total fertility rate in an economy is defined as:
(a) the number of children born per 1000 people in the population in a year. (b) the number of children born to a couple in their lifetime in a given population. (c) the birth rate minus death rate. (d) the average number of live births a woman would have by the end of her child-bearing age. * |
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