Why in News?
The WTO e commerce moratorium is set to expire at the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference in Yaounde, Cameroon, leading to debate between developed and developing countries including India.
What Is WTO E Commerce Moratorium?
• Global agreement among WTO members
• Prohibits customs duties on electronic transmissions
• Promotes digital trade growth
Coverage
Includes: Software downloads, E books, Music and video streaming, Video games, and Digital services
Background
• First adopted 1998 Geneva
• Initially temporary
• Renewed every two years
• Last extended 2024 WTO Ministerial Conference
Debate Over Extension
Developed Countries Support
• United States, European Union, Japan, and Canada
Reasons
• Predictable digital trade environment
• Support global digital economy
• Protect Big Tech companies
India and Developing Countries Oppose
Concerns
• Loss of tariff revenue
• Weak domestic digital industries
• Big Tech dominance
Studies
• UNCTAD estimated $10 billion revenue loss
• OECD says loss can be offset via GST or VAT
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