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The banning of ‘Jamaat-e – islaami’ in Jammu and Kashmir brought into focus the role of over-ground workers (OGWs) in assisting terrorist organizations. Examine the role played by OGWs in assisting terrorist organizations in insurgency affected areas. Discuss measures to neutralize the influence of OGWs.

Recently, MHA has declared ‘Jamaat-e-Islami Jammu Kashmir (JeI)’ as an ‘Unlawful Association’ under Section 3 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967.

Role played by OGWs

Intelligence Gathering – provide real-time information on troop movement, patrol timings and security vulnerabilities.

Logistical Support – arrange shelter, vehicles, food, medical aid and safe houses for militants to evade detection.

Radicalisation and Recruitment through religious networks, student groups and social media.

Terror Financing – raise funds locally, manage extortion, run front organisations and facilitate hawala transfers.

Facilitating Arms Movement – OGWs act as couriers, store arms, and help smuggle weapons across borders or LoC. Eg- collecting drone-dropped arms.

Information Warfare – They generate pro-terror content, circulate videos and organise protests to delegitimise the state.

Maintaining Militant-Local Community Linkages- create public sympathy for militants, and organise funerals or protests to build support. Eg- funeral of Burhan Wani

Measures to Neutralise the Influence of OGWs

Intelligence and Policing Measures

Integrated Intelligence Grid (IIG) – Real-time coordination between police, IB, NIA and security forces to identify OGW networks.

Use of Technology for Profiling – AI-based monitoring of suspicious financial transactions, travel patterns and digital communication.

Strengthening Local Police and Community Intelligence – Eg- Village Defence Groups in Rajouri-Poonch.

Tightening Border Surveillance – Use of drones, sensors, and night-vision to check infiltration and OGW courier routes.

Legal and Institutional Measures

Action through UAPA & NIA Act – Freezing bank accounts and shutting down front organisations.

Regulating NGOs, Religious Networks – Eg- FCRA audits of charity organisations

Community and Preventive Measures

De-radicalisation and Counselling of youth

Heart and mind strategy – Eg- Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill) of Indian Army

Employment and Skill Development to mainstream youth. Eg- Udaan Scheme

OGWs are the backbone of insurgency. A multi-layered approach is needed to break the support ecosystem of terrorism.