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[2025] Consider the following statements:
I. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in India are less than 0.5 t CO₂/capita.
II. In terms of CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in Asia-Pacific region.
III. Electricity and heat producers are the largest sources of CO₂ emissions in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a) I and III only
- (b) II only
- (c) II and III only
- (d) I, II and III
Correct Answer: (C) II and III only
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[2025] Consider the following statements:
Statement I:
Studies indicate that carbon dioxide emissions from cement industry account for more than 5% of global carbon emissions.
Statement II:
Silica-bearing clay is mixed with limestone while manufacturing cement.
Statement III:
Limestone is converted into lime during clinker production for cement manufacturing.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
- (a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
- (b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
- (c) Only one of the Statement II or Statement III is correct and it explains Statement I
- (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
Correct Answer: (B) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
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[2025] Artificial way of causing rainfall to reduce air pollution makes use of:
- (a) silver iodide and potassium iodide
- (b) silver nitrate and potassium iodide
- (c) silver iodide and potassium nitrate
- (d) silver nitrate and potassium chloride
Correct Answer: (A) silver iodide and potassium iodide
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[2024] Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
Many chewing gums found in the market are considered a source of environmental pollution.
Statement-II:
Many chewing gums contain plastic as gum base.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
- (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I*
- (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- (c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
- (d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct Answer: (A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I*
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[2024] Consider the following:
1. Pyroclastic debris
2. Ash and dust
3. Nitrogen compounds
4. Sulphur compounds
How many of the above are products of volcanic eruptions?
- (a) Only one
- (b) Only two
- (c) Only three
- (d) only four*
Correct Answer: (D) only four*
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[2024] With reference to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are used in making many consumer products, consider the following statements:
1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food, and food packaging materials.
2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment.
3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1,2 and 3*
Correct Answer: (D) 1,2 and 3*
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[2024] According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which one of the following is the largest source of sulphur dioxide emissions?
- (a) Locomotives using fossil fuels
- (b) Ships using fossil fuels
- (c) Extraction of metals from ores
- (d) Power plants using fossil fuels*
Correct Answer: (D) Power plants using fossil fuels*
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[2023] Consider the following:
1. Aerosols
2. Foam agents
3. Fire retardants
4. Lubricants
In the making of how many of the above are hydrofluorocarbons used?
- (a) Only one
- (b) Only two
- (c) Only three
- (d) All four
Correct Answer: (C) Only three
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[2023] Consider the following statements regarding mercury pollution:
1. Gold mining activity is a source of mercury pollution in the world.
2. Coal-based thermal power plants cause mercury pollution.
3. There is no known safe level of exposure to mercury.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- (a) Only one
- (b) Only two
- (c) All three
- (d) None
Correct Answer: (C) All three
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[2022] With reference to polthylene terepthalate, the use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statements :
1. Its fibres can be blended with wool and cotton fibres to reinforce their properties
2. Containers made of it can be used to store any alcoholic beverage.
3. Bottles made of it can be recycled into other products.
4. Articles made of it can be easily disposed of by incineration without causing greenhouse gas emissions.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- (a) 1 and 3
- (b) 2 and 4
- (c) 1 and 4
- (d) 2 and 3
Correct Answer: (A) 1 and 3
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[2021] With reference to furnace oil, consider the following statements:
1.It is a product of oil refineries.
2.Some industries use it to generate power.
3.Its use causes sulfur emissions into the environment.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2, and 3
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, and 3
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[2021] Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of which of the following kinds of plastics?
- (a) Low-density polyethylene
- (b) Polycarbonate
- (c) Polyethylene terephthalate
- (d) Polyvinyl chloride
Correct Answer: (B) Polycarbonate
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[2021] ‘Triclosan’, considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most likely present in which of the following?
- (a) Food preservatives
- (b) Fruit-ripening substances
- (c) Reused plastic containers
- (d) Toiletries
Correct Answer: (D) Toiletries
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[2021] Why is there a concern about copper smelting plants?
1.They may release lethal quantities of carbon monoxide into the environment.
2.The copper slag can cause the leaching of some heavy metals into the environment.
3.They may release sulfur dioxide as a pollutant.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2, and 3
Correct Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
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[2021] Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems, are generated as environmental pollutants
from which of the following?
1. Brakes of motor vehicles
2. Engines of motor vehicles
3. Microwave stoves within homes
4. Power plants
5. Telephone lines
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- (a) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
- (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
- (c) 3, 4 and 5 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Correct Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 4 only
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[2020] Consider the following statements:
1. Coal ash contains arsenic, lead and mercury.
2. Coal-fired power plants release sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen into the
environment.
3. High ash content is observed in Indian coal.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 3 only
- (d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
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[2020] Which of the following are the reasons/factors for exposure to benzene pollution?
(1) Automobile exhaust
(2) Tobacco smoke
(3) Wood burning
(4) Using varnished wooden furniture
(5) Using products made of polyurethane
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
- (b) 2 and 4 only
- (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Correct Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 3 only
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[2019] Consider the following:
1. Carbon monoxide
2. Methane
3. Ozone
4. Sulphur dioxide
Which of the above are released into atmosphere due to the burning of crop/biomass residue
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
- (c) 1 and 4 'only
- (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
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[2019] Why is there a great concern about the ‘microbeads’ that are released into environment?
- (a) They are considered harmful to marine ecosystems.
- (b) They are considered to cause skin cancer in children
- (c) They are small enough to be absorbed by crop plants in irrigated fields.
- (d) They are often found to be used as food adulterants.
Correct Answer: (A) They are considered harmful to marine ecosystems.
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[2019] In India, the use of carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate and triazophos is viewed with apprehension. These chemicals are used as
- (a) pesticides in agriculture
- (b) preservatives in processed foods
- (c) fruit-ripening agents
- (d) moisturising agents in cosmetics
Correct Answer: (A) pesticides in agriculture
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[2017] Consider the following pairs :
Commonly used / Unwanted or consumed materials controversial chemicals likely to be found in them
1. Lipstick — Lead
2. Soft drinks — Brominated vegetable oils
3. Chinese fast food — Monosodiumglutamate
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
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[2014] Which of the following are some important pollutants released by steel industry in India?
1. Oxides of sulphur
2. Oxide of nitrogen
3. Carbon monoxide
4. Carbon dioxide
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- (a) 1, 3 and 4 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 4 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
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[2014] There is some concern regarding the nanoparticles of some chemical elements that are used by the industry in the manufacture of various products. Why?
1. They can accumulate in the environment and contaminate water and soil.
2. They can enter the food chains.
3. They can trigger the production of free radicals.
Select the correct answer using the code given belowBrominated
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
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[2014] Brominated flame retardants are used in many household products like mattresses and
upholstery. Why is there some concern about their use?
1. They are highly resistant to degradation in the environment.
2. They are able to accumulate in humans and animals.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 only
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
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[2014] Which of the following adds/add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on the planet Earth?
1. Volcanic action
2. Respiration
3. Photosynthesis
4. Decay of organic matter
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- (a) 1 and 3 only
- (b) 2 only
- (c) 1, 2 and 4 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
Correct Answer: (C) 1, 2 and 4 only
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[2013] Due to improper/indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the
following are released into the environment as e-waste?
(1). Beryllium
(2). Cadmium
(3). Chromium
(4). Heptachlor
(5). Mercury
(6). Lead
(7). Plutonium
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
- (a) 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only
- (b) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only
- (c) 2, 4, 5 and 7 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
Correct Answer: (B) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only
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[2013] Which of the following can be found as pollutants in the drinking water in some parts of India?
(1). Arsenic
(2). Sorbitol
(3). Fluoride
(4). Formaldehyde
(5). Uranium
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
- (a) 1 and 3 only
- (b) 2, 4 and 5 only
- (c) 1, 3 and 5 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Correct Answer: (C) 1, 3 and 5 only
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[2013] Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction among
- (a) NO 2 , O 3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the prescence of sunlight
- (b) CO 2 , O 2 , and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight
- (c) CO, CO 2 , and NO 2 at low temperature
- (d) high concentration of NO 2 , O 3 and CO in the evening
Correct Answer: (A) NO 2 , O 3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the prescence of sunlight
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[2012] Lead, ingested or inhaled, is a health hazard. After the addition of lead to petrol has been banned, what still are the sources of lead poisoning? 1. Smelting units 2. Pens and pencils 3. Paints 4. Hair oils and cosmetics Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
- (b) 1 and 3 only
- (c) 2 and 4 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct Answer: (B) 1 and 3 only
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[2012] Consider the following statements: Chlorofluorocarbons, known as ozone depleting substances, are used 1. In the production of plastic foams 2. In the production of tubeless tyres 3. In cleaning certain electronic components 4. As pressurizing agents in aerosol cans Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
- (b) 4 only
- (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct Answer: (C) 1, 3 and 4 only
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[2011] Consider the following: 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Oxides of nitrogen 3. Oxides of Sulphur Which of the above is/are the emission/emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants?
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2, and 3
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, and 3
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[2011] There is a concern over the increase in harmful algal blooms in the seawater of India. What could be the causative factors for this phenomenon?
1. Discharge of nutrients from the estuaries.
2. Run-off from the land during the monsoon.
3. Upwelling in the seas.
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 1 and 2 only
- (c) 2 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
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[2010] Due to their extensive rice cultivation, some regions may be contributing to global warming. To what possible reason/reasons is this attributable?
1. The anaerobic conditions associated with rice cultivation cause the emission of methane.
2. When nitrogen based fertilizers are used, nitrous oxide is emitted from the cultivated soil.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 only
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
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[2008] What is Bisphenol A (BPA)?
- (a) A medical test for detecting cancer
- (b) A test for testing the use of drugs to improve performance by athletes
- (c) A chemical used for the development of food-packaging materials
- (d) A special type of alloy steel
Correct Answer: (C) A chemical used for the development of food-packaging materials
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[2008] Which of the above are sources of methane, a major greenhouse gas?
- (a) 1 and 4 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1, 2 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
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[2003] Which one of the following is produced during the formation of photochemical smog?
- (a) Hydrocarbons
- (b) Nitrogen Oxides
- (c) Ozone
- (d) Methane
Correct Answer: (C) Ozone