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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is and international treaty drawn at

(a)

United Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 1972

(b)

UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio De Janerio, 1992

(c)

World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 2002

(d)

UN Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen, 2009

Correct Answer

(b)

Explanation

Microtheme: Rio Family/UNFCCC/IPCC —
27 questions asked in Prelims in the past.

  1. [2026] Which one of the following is the first Plan Vivo certified REDD+ project in India?

    • (a) Uttarakhand REDD+ project
    • (b) ICFRE-ICIMOD Transboundary REDD+ project in North-Eastern Himalayas
    • (c) Khasi Hills Community REDD+ project
    • (d) Sikkim Mamley Kamrang Community REDD+ project
    Correct Answer: (C) Khasi Hills Community REDD+ project
  2. [2026] Consider the following statements with reference to India’s response to climate change:
    I. India’s LT-LEDS is a crucial tool for achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
    II. India’s BUR-4 (Dec 2024) recorded ~8% decrease in GHG emissions in 2020 over 2019.
    III. Climate-resilient development necessarily depends on quick and short-term achievement of emission reduction targets.
    Which of the following relationships is/are correct?
    1. Statement I is empirically supported by statement II
    2. Statement III contradicts the approach implicit in statement I
    3. Statement I and statement III together establish the premise of long-term sustainability

    • (a) 1 only
    • (b) 1 and 2
    • (c) 2 and 3
    • (d) 3 only
    Correct Answer: (B) 1 and 2
  3. [2025] Consider the following statements:
    Statement I: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change.
    Statement II: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change sets out the principles of carbon markets.
    Statement III: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change intends to promote inter-country non-market strategies to reach their climate targets.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    • (a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    • (b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
    • (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    • (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
    Correct Answer: (A) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
  4. [2025] Consider the following statements:
    Statement I: At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), India refrained from signing the ‘Declaration on Climate and Health’.
    Statement II: The COP 28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a binding declaration; and if signed, it becomes mandatory to decarbonize health sector.
    Statement III: If India’s health sector is decarbonized, the resilience of its healthcare system may be compromised.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    • (a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    • (b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of the them explains Statement
      I
    • (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    • (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
    Correct Answer: (C) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
  5. [2025] Which one of the following launched the ‘Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific’?

    • (a) The Asian Development Bank (ADB)
    • (b) The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
    • (c) The New Development Bank (NDB)
    • (d) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
    Correct Answer: (A) The Asian Development Bank (ADB)
  6. [2023] Consider the following statements :
    Statement-I:
    Carbon markets are likely to be one of the most widespread tools in the fight against climate change.
    Statement-II :
    Carbon markets transfer resources from the private sector to the State.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    • (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
    • (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
    • (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
    • (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
    Correct Answer: (B) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
  7. [2018] The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at

    • (a) The Earth Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Johannesburg
    • (b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro
    • (c) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2015, Paris
    • (d) The World Sustainable Development Summit 2016, New Delhi
    Correct Answer: (B) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro
  8. [2016] Consider the following statements:
    1. The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the ‘Club of Rome’.
    2. The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    • (a) 1 only
    • (b) 2 only
    • (c) Both 1 and 2
    • (d) Neither 1 nor 2
    Correct Answer: (B) 2 only
  9. [2016] Consider the following pairs:
    Terms sometimes seen in the news : Their origin
    1. Annex-I Countries : Cartagena Protocol
    2. Certified Emissions Reductions : Nagoya Protocol
    3. Clean Development Mechanisms : Kyoto Protocol
    Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

    • (a) 1 and 2 only
    • (b) 2 and 3 only
    • (c) 3 only
    • (d) 1, 2 and 3
    Correct Answer: (C) 3 only
  10. [2016] With reference to an initiative called ‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’,
    which of the following statements is/are correct?
    1. It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.
    2. It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of
    biodiversity.
    3. It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize, demonstrate and capture
    the value of ecosystems and biodiversity.
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    • (a) 1 and 2 only
    • (b) 3 only
    • (c) 2 and 3 only
    • (d) 1, 2 and 3
    Correct Answer: (C) 2 and 3 only
  11. [2016] With reference to ‘Agenda 21’, sometimes seen in the news, consider the following statements:
    1. It is a global action plan for sustainable development.
    2. It originated in the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    • (a) 1 only
    • (b) 2 only
    • (c) Both 1 and 2
    • (d) Neither 1 nor 2
    Correct Answer: (A) 1 only
  12. [2016] With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct?
    1. The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it will go into effect in 2017.
    2. The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global
    temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2oC or even 1.50C above pre-industrial levels.
    3. Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate $ 1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change.
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    • (a) 1 and 3 only
    • (b) 2 only
    • (c) 2 and 3 only
    • (d) 1, 2 and 3
    Correct Answer: (B) 2 only
  13. [2016] What is/are the importance/ importances of the ‘United Convention to Combat Desertification’?
    1. It aims to promote effective action through innovative national programmes and supportive
    international partnerships
    2. It has a special/particular focus on South Asia and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat
    facilitates the allocation of major portion of financial resources to these regions.
    3. It is committed to bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in
    combating the desertification.
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    • (a) 1 only
    • (b) 2 and 3 only
    • (c) 1 and 3 only
    • (d) 1, 2 and 3
    Correct Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
  14. [2016] Which of the following statements is/are correct? Proper design and effective implementation of UN-REDD+ Programme can significantly contribute to
    1. Protection of biodiversity
    2. Resilience of forest ecosystems
    3. Poverty reduction
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    • (a) 1 and 2 only
    • (b) 3 only
    • (c) 2 and 3 only
    • (d) 1, 2 and 3
    Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
  15. [2015] With reference to ‘Forest Carbon Partnership Facility’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
    (1) It is a global partnership of governments, businesses, civil society and indigenous peoples.
    (2) It provides financial aid to universities, individual scientists and institutions involved in
    scientific forestry research to develop eco-friendly and climate adaptation technologies for
    sustainable forest management.
    (3) It assists the countries in their ‘REDD+ (Reduing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation+)’ efforts by providing them with financial and technical assistance.
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    • (a) 1 only
    • (b) 2 and 3 only
    • (c) 1 and 3 only
    • (d) 1, 2 and 3
    Correct Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
  16. [2015] Which of the following statements regarding ‘Green Climate Fund’ is/are correct?
    (1) It is intended to assist the developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to
    counter climate change.
    (2) It is founded under the aegis of UNEP, OECD, Asian Development Bank and World Bank.
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    • (a) 1 only
    • (b) 2 only
    • (c) Both 1 and 2
    • (d) Neither 1 nor 2
    Correct Answer: (A) 1 only
  17. [2015] BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes’ is managed by the

    • (a) Asian Development Bank
    • (b) International Monetary Fund
    • (c) United Nations Environment Programme
    • (d) World Bank
    Correct Answer: (D) World Bank
  18. [2015] What is Rio+20 Conference, often mentioned in the news?

    • (a) It is the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
    • (b) It is a Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade Organization
    • (c) It is a Conference of the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate change
    • (d) It is a Conference of the member Countries of the Convention on Biological Diversity
    Correct Answer: (A) It is the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
  19. [2014] Consider the following international agreements:
    1. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
    2. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
    3. The World Heritage Convention.
    Which of the above has/have a bearing on the biodiversity?

    • (a) 1 and 2 only
    • (b) 3 only
    • (c) 1 and 3 only
    • (d) 1, 2 and 3
    Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
  20. [2014] With reference to ‘Global Environment Facility’, which of the following statements is/are
    correct?

    • (a) It serves as financial mechanism for 'Convention on Biological Diversity' and 'United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change'.
    • (b) It undertakes scientific research on environmental issues at global level.
    • (c) It is an agency under OECD to facilitate the transfer of technology and funds to underdeveloped countries with specific aim to protect their environment.
    • (d) Both (a) and (b).
    Correct Answer: (A) It serves as financial mechanism for 'Convention on Biological Diversity' and 'United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change'.
  21. [2011] Regarding “carbon credits’’, which one of the following statements is not correct?

    • (a) The carbon credit system was ratified in conjunction with the Kyoto protocol.
    • (b) Carbon credits are awarded to countries or groups that have reduced greenhouse gases below their emission quota.
    • (c) The goal of the carbon credit system is to limit the increase of carbon dioxide emission.
    • (d) Carbon credits are traded at a price fixed from time to time by the United Nations environment programs.
    Correct Answer: (D) Carbon credits are traded at a price fixed from time to time by the United Nations environment programs.
  22. [2010] The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is and international treaty drawn at

    • (a) United Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 1972
    • (b) UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio De Janerio, 1992
    • (c) World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 2002
    • (d) UN Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen, 2009
    Correct Answer: (B) UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio De Janerio, 1992
  23. [2009] The concept of carbon credit originated from which one of the following?

    • (a) Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro
    • (b) Kyoto Protocol
    • (c) Montreal Protocol
    • (d) G-8 Summit, Hciligendamm
    Correct Answer: (B) Kyoto Protocol
  24. [2009] In the context of C02 emission and Global Warming, what is the name of a market driven device under the UNFCC that allows developing countries to get funds/incentives from the developed countries to adopt, better technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

    • (a) Carbon Footprint
    • (b) Carbon Credit Rating
    • (c) Clean Development Mechanism
    • (d) Emission Reduction Norm
    Correct Answer: (C) Clean Development Mechanism
  25. [2008] Consider the following statements:
    1. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in respect of carbon credits is one of the Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms.
    2. Under the CDM, the projects handled pertain only to the Annex-I countries.

    • (a) 1 Only
    • (b) 2 Only
    • (c) Both 1 and 2
    • (d) Neither 1 nor 2
    Correct Answer: (A) 1 Only
  26. [2008] Where was the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Rio+10) held?

    • (a) Davos
    • (b) Nova Scotia
    • (c) Johannesburg
    • (d) Shanghai
    Correct Answer: (C) Johannesburg
  27. [2005] Which one of the following statements is correct about the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?

    • (a) The First Meeting of the Parties (MOP 1) to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was held in Philippines in the year 2004.
    • (b) India is not a signatory to the Biosafety Protocol/Convention on Biological Diversity.
    • (c) The Biosafety Protocol deals with genetically modified organisms.
    • (d) The United States of America is a member of the Biosafety Protocol/Convention on Biological Diversity.
    Correct Answer: (C) The Biosafety Protocol deals with genetically modified organisms.