UNESCO, established in 1945, promotes education, culture, heritage, and scientific cooperation as pillars of global peace.
Context of US Withdrawal
The United States withdrew from UNESCO in 2017, accusing it of anti-Israel bias.
The trigger was UNESCO’s 2011 recognition of Palestine as a full member, and resolutions declaring East Jerusalem and Hebron as occupied Palestinian territories.
The US described this as “politicization of culture”
The US also objected to inefficient governance within the organization.
It rejoined in 2023 but again withdrew in 2025 citing bias against Israel.
Impact of the US Withdrawal
Geopolitical Power Shift- Creates space for China’s greater influence within UNESCO.
The US was UNESCO’s largest contributor (22% of its budget) – withdrawal caused program cuts.
Cultural preservation, education, and global literacy programs suffered from lack of funds.
Political polarization among members eroded UNESCO’s credibility and neutrality.
Developing nations’ initiatives faced delays due to resource shortages.
Highlights US unpredictability and undermines credibility of multilateral institutions
Way Forward
Depoliticize cultural resolutions and heritage conservation.
Diversify funding sources to reduce reliance on a few donors.
Strengthen transparency and consensus-based decision-making.
Strengthen South-South and regional cooperation for promoting capacity-building in developing nations
UNESCO’s revival requires inclusive governance and financial sustainability to rebuild global trust, credibility and address the ‘crisis of confidence’ in multilateralism.