In the Constitution of India, promotion of international peace and security is included in the

Explanation

Option a (Preamble) is incorrect: The Preamble declares India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and promises justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. While it mentions fraternity, it does not explicitly include international peace and security. Option b (Directive Principles of State Policy) is Correct: Article 51 of the Constitution falls under Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy). It states that the State shall promote international peace and security, maintain just and honorable relations between nations, foster respect for international law, and encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration. Option c (Fundamental Duties) is Incorrect : Fundamental Duties (Part IVA) include duties like respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, safeguarding public property, but do not explicitly mention international peace. Option d (Ninth Schedule) is Incorrect: The Ninth Schedule contains laws protected from judicial review; it has no link to promotion of international peace.