Free and fair elections are the foundation of Indian democracy (Article 324). Thus, Electoral reforms are considered as ‘Mother of all Reforms’.
Need for one nation-one election
According to ECI, ONOE reduces frequency of MCC & ensures policy continuity
NITI Aayog (2017): simultaneous polls can cut election-related costs by 4500 Cr due to lower administrative and security deployment, single logistics cycle, and reduced campaign spending.
Combined elections reduce voter fatigue and improve participation, especially in urban areas.
Stability – Aligning Centre-State electoral cycles, making governments more accountable and stable
ONOE discourages reckless dissolution of assemblies due to high political cost.
Check on political populism due to reduced frequency of elections. Eg- farm loan waivers
Reduction in vote bank politics and communalism. Promote social cohesion
Challenges
Constitutional Amendments Needed – Articles 83, 85, 172, 174, 356
Weak Political Consensus as regional parties fear loss of visibility.
Synchronisation Issues – Assemblies dissolved mid-term would require caretaker governments, raising constitutional questions.
Logistical Requirements – Twice the number of EVMs & VVPATs, enhanced storage facilities, and large-scale training.
As suggested by the Parliamentary Standing Committee (2015), there is a need for wide political consultations.