Smash 2025 FLT 09 Q7. Discuss the geological processes involved in the formation of different types of islands. How does global warming threaten the islands across the world? PYQ. Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and Philippines archipelagos. (2014) Samachar Manthan: Article name: United Nations World Water Development Report, 2025Source: Samachar Manthan March… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] How are climate change and sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations? Discuss with examples. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 Adv Test 10Q.8 Analyse the role of Enlightenment ideas in shaping the course of the French and American Revolutions. PYQQ. Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French revolution. (2019) The French Revolution of 1789 was a turning point in world history. What began as a… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q6. The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 Adv test 10Q14. Elaborate on the dual contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in integrating princely states and laying the foundation of a strong administrative framework. PYQ. Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. (2021) “A nation is not made overnight but is built brick… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q5. Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

Based on SAMACHAR MANTHAN:Article name: Who was Mahatma Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890)?Source: April 12, 2025Details: – 199th birth anniversary celebrations were marked by PM’s tweet.  – ‘Phule’ movie with leading starcasts portrayed caste discrimination, which promoted divisions and sparked debate in Maharashtra. Submit your answers, and we will have them evaluated for you! Mahatma Jotirao Phule (1827–1890), a… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q4. Mahatma Joti Rao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

Chandella rulers (9th–13th century CE) of Bundelkhand, with Khajuraho as their capital, created a “world in stone” through sculptures marked by energy, realism, and beauty. Resilient vigor and breadth of life in the Chandella artform Chandella artists created a universe in stone, best described by Banabhatta’s phrase “Darsit Visvarupa” – the vision of the cosmic… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: ‘The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life.’ Elucidate.

Smash 2024 Sectional test 6Q18.“In medieval Indian history Akbar was unique for his religio-political ideas and policies.” Analyze this statement. Emperor Akbar (1556–1605) stands out in Indian history as a ruler who sought not merely political conquest but spiritual integration of a diverse society. As his court historian Abul Fazl wrote in the Ain-i-Akbari, “The… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism.

Smash Mains 2025 Q1. In what ways does Harappan art and architecture reflect both utilitarian functionality and aesthetic sensibilities? (FLT 3) PYQ Q. To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss. (2014) Samachar Manthan: Article name: Rewriting the Keezhadi (Keeladi) Excavations… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Art and Culture: Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. 

We will be going through the UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – World History. The official UPSC Syllabus reads – History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.… Continue reading UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – World History (2013-2023)

We will be going through the UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – Post-Independence. The official UPSC Syllabus reads – Post-Independence-consolidation and reorganisation within country. Before starting by yourself for Mains, understand the process. Connect 1:1 with Arvind Sir UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – Post-Independence-consolidation and reorganisation within country – Questions and Sub-themes from 2013-2023 Question Subject… Continue reading UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – Post-Independence (2013-2023)

We will be going through the UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – Freedom Struggle. The official UPSC Syllabus reads – Freedom Struggle-various stages, important contributors/ contributions from different parts of the country. Before starting by yourself for Mains, understand the process. Connect 1:1 with Arvind Sir UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – Freedom Struggle – various stages,… Continue reading UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – Freedom Struggle

We will be going through the UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – Modern History. The official UPSC Syllabus reads – Modern Indian History-Mid-18th century – Present (significant events, personalities, issues) Before starting by yourself for Mains, understand the process. Connect 1:1 with Arvind Sir UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – Modern Indian History – Mid-18th century –… Continue reading UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – Modern History

A lot of toppers this year talked about the significance of PYQs. Generally, what we go after are PYQ Booklets from the Market, which are either erroneous (wrong questions tagged under wrong syllabus headings), or outdated – only subject-wise (All questions from History, Polity, Internal Security, that too till 2021/22). We are providing you not… Continue reading UPSC Mains Topic-Wise PYQs – GS I-IV (2013-2023)