[UPSC 2024] The groundwater potential of the Gangetic Valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India? (Answer in 250 words) The Ganga River Basin, spread across 11 states, covers about 26% of India’s geographical area and supports over 40% of India’s population (~520 million people, 2011 Census). Distribution… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Discuss the distribution and density of population in the Ganga River Basin with special reference to land, soil and water resources. (15 Marks)

Smash 2025 FLT 1113. In recent times, India’s land reform efforts have focused on technological solutions. Though they have improved land administration, they have failed to address the structural challenges that perpetuate India’s land-related problems. Comment Land-use planning is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land use, and socio-economic conditions to… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) and drones be effectively used along with GIS and RS techniques in locational and areal planning? (15 Marks)

Civil services in India are often called the “steel frame” of governance (Sardar Patel). Their ethos is not only about professional efficiency but also about nationalistic commitment to India’s unity, integrity, and development.  Professionalism in Civil Services Nationalistic Consciousness in Civil Services Fusion of Professionalism with Nationalism The Indian civil servants are  “efficient nation-builders”. They… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] The ethos of civil service in India stands for the combination of professionalism with nationalistic consciousness – Elucidate. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 FLT 07Q15. How far can the theory of plate tectonics be used to explain the origin and distribution of major geological features across the Earth’s surface? PYQQ. Why are the world’s fold mountain systems located along the margins of continents? Bring out the association between the global distribution of Fold Mountains and the… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Discuss how the changes in shape and sizes of continents and ocean basins of the planet take place due to tectonic movements of the crustal masses. (15 M)

Smash 2025 FLT 07 Q5. India has significant potential to lead the global renewable energy transition. Discuss the major opportunities and barriers in scaling up renewable energy infrastructure in India. PYQQ. India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its development. Elaborate. (2020) India, being a tropical country with 300… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Explain briefly the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy generation in India with suitable examples. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 FLT 09Q19. Religious commodification and spiritual consumerism are emerging trends in India’s globalized economy. Examine how these trends are influencing traditional belief systems and social relationships.Smash 2025 FLT 03Q10. In an interconnected world, the Indian middle class is both a beneficiary and a casualty of globalization. Comment.Smash 2025 FLT 07Q10. Globalization has brought… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Do you think that globalization results in only an aggressive consumer culture ? Justify your answer. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 FLT 09 Q18. Discuss how poverty acts both as a driver and a consequence of environmental decline in India. How can policy interventions disrupt this cycle? PYQ Q. COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. (2020) Sustainable development aims to balance economic growth, social justice, and environmental protection. However, in… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people’s needs in a country like India. Comment. (15 M)

Smash 2025 FLT 09: Q10. While cities are engines of growth, they are also spaces of exclusion. Discuss how rapid urbanisation has contributed to rising socio-economic inequalities in Indian cities. PYQ:Q. What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India? (2021)  As per Census 2011,… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] How does a smart city in India address the issues of urban poverty and distributive justice? (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 FLT 11Q5. Evaluate the impact of PM Matsya Sampada Yojana in transforming India’s fisheries sector. What more needs to be done to ensure sustainability and inclusiveness? Smash 2025 Adv Test 07 Q10. Despite being the largest milk producer, India faces a growing demand-supply gap in the dairy sector. Identify the reasons behind this… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] What are non-farm primary activities? How are these activities related to physiographic features in India? Discuss with suitable examples. (10 Marks)

The word Tsunami comes from Japanese — tsu (harbor) and nami (wave). It is a series of large ocean waves caused by sudden displacement of a large volume of water. Key Characteristics of Tsunamis Causes of Tsunami Generation: Where They Form: Consequences of Tsunamis While tsunamis cannot be prevented, their catastrophic impact can be minimized… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] What are Tsunamis? How and where are they formed? What are their consequences? Explain with examples. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 Adv Test 10 Q14. Elaborate on the dual contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in integrating princely states and laying the foundation of a strong administrative framework. PYQ Q. Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. (2021) “A nation is not made overnight but is… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations. (15 Marks)

Smash 2025 FLT 09 Q7. Discuss the geological processes involved in the formation of different types of islands. How does global warming threaten the islands across the world? PYQ. Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and Philippines archipelagos. (2014) Samachar Manthan: Article name: United Nations World Water Development Report, 2025Source: Samachar Manthan March… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] How are climate change and sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations? Discuss with examples. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 Adv Test 10Q.8 Analyse the role of Enlightenment ideas in shaping the course of the French and American Revolutions. PYQQ. Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French revolution. (2019) The French Revolution of 1789 was a turning point in world history. What began as a… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q6. The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 Adv test 10Q14. Elaborate on the dual contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in integrating princely states and laying the foundation of a strong administrative framework. PYQ. Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. (2021) “A nation is not made overnight but is built brick… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q5. Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

Based on SAMACHAR MANTHAN:Article name: Who was Mahatma Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890)?Source: April 12, 2025Details: – 199th birth anniversary celebrations were marked by PM’s tweet.  – ‘Phule’ movie with leading starcasts portrayed caste discrimination, which promoted divisions and sparked debate in Maharashtra. Submit your answers, and we will have them evaluated for you! Mahatma Jotirao Phule (1827–1890), a… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q4. Mahatma Joti Rao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

Chandella rulers (9th–13th century CE) of Bundelkhand, with Khajuraho as their capital, created a “world in stone” through sculptures marked by energy, realism, and beauty. Resilient vigor and breadth of life in the Chandella artform Chandella artists created a universe in stone, best described by Banabhatta’s phrase “Darsit Visvarupa” – the vision of the cosmic… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: ‘The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life.’ Elucidate.

Smash 2024 Sectional test 6Q18.“In medieval Indian history Akbar was unique for his religio-political ideas and policies.” Analyze this statement. Emperor Akbar (1556–1605) stands out in Indian history as a ruler who sought not merely political conquest but spiritual integration of a diverse society. As his court historian Abul Fazl wrote in the Ain-i-Akbari, “The… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism.

Smash Mains 2025 Q1. In what ways does Harappan art and architecture reflect both utilitarian functionality and aesthetic sensibilities? (FLT 3) PYQ Q. To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss. (2014) Samachar Manthan: Article name: Rewriting the Keezhadi (Keeladi) Excavations… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Art and Culture: Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture.