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Important Traditional Crafts, Music and Dance schools in India

18th June 2021

Indian Festivals

Kumbha Mela	Held at all 4 places every 3 years by rotation (Allahabad, Haridwar, Nashik, Ujjain) Associated rivers : Ganga at Haridwar, the Sangam of the Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati at Allahabad, Godawari at Nashik, and Shipra at Ujjain Ardha Kumbh Mela : Haridwar and Prayag every 6 years Purna Kumbh Mela : Prayag every 12 years Maha Kumbh Mela : Prayag every 144 years
Holi	last full moon day of Phalguna
Maha Shivaratri	13th night in Krishna Paksha of Phalguna
Navaratri	9 forms of Shakti are worshipped on 9 nights
Vinayaga Chaturthi	On occasion of birth of Ganesha
Vasant Panchami	Worshiping Saraswati – the goddess of knowledge, music and art Children are taught to write their first words; Brahmins are fed ; ancestral worship is performed; the god of love- Kamadeva is worshipped People usually wear yellow garments
Ramzan	Muslims refrain from eating, drinking and sexual relations from dawn until sunset Intended to teach Muslims about patience, humility & spirituality
Guru Purnima	Buddhists in the honour of Lord Buddha who gave his first sermon on this day at Sarnath Hindus on this day offer Puja or pay respect to their Guru
Buddha Poornima	Birth anniversary of Lord Buddha
Christmas	Commemorate the birth of Jesus
Easter	Oldest and holiest Christian festival – the day when Jesus Christ was crucified On this day Jesus Christ rose from the dead and ascended into heaven
Thai Pongal	Harvest festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Sri Lanka To thank the Sun God and farmstead livestock Boiling of milk in clay pot symbolize material abundance for household
Muharram	Celebrated on the 1st month of the Islamic calendar unlawful to fight during this month
Dree Festival	an agricultural rite, which is observed by Apatanis in Arunachal Pradesh involves a sacrifice of fowls, eggs and animals to the sun & moon god to appease these Gods to avoid feminine

Indian Dances

Indian Folk Music

Baul : It is a type of Bengali music and a religious sect. The lyrics carry influence from Bhakti movement as well as Sufi movement.
Wanawan : Folk music from Kashmir which is sung during wedding ceremonies.
Padwani : This music is based on Mahabharata and uses both singing and playing instruments.
Alha : Song is from Madhya Pradesh and is a heroic ballad song.
Paani hari : Song is from the state of Rajasthan and is thematically related to water. Songs are generally about women fetching water from nearby well.
Ovi : Maharashtra and Goan women sing such songs during leisure time.
Pai song : Songs are mostly from Madhya Pradesh sung during festivals.
Lavani : Popular folk song from Maharashtra. Music has a powerful rhythm and beats and is suitable for dancing.
Maand : Developed in the royal circles
Dandiya raas : Performed in Gujarat and is associated with Holi and Lila of Krishna and Radha at Vrindavan
Powada : Folk type emerging from Maharashtra
Khongjom Parva : Important folk music from the state of Manipur.
Bhagwati : Popular amongst masses of Karnataka and Maharashtra. Musically they are close to ghazals and are sung on a slower pitch.

Classical Dances

The classical dance forms recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi and the Ministry of Culture are

Bharatanatyam, from Tamil Nadu
Kathak, from Uttar Pradesh and western India
Kathakali, from Kerala
Kuchipudi, from Andhra Pradesh
Odissi, from Odisha
Sattriya, from Assam
Manipuri, from Manipur
Mohiniyattam, from Kerala

Indian Music

MUSIC OF INDIA

The two main traditions of classical music in India are Carnatic music and Hindustani Music. Carnatic Music is found predominantly in the peninsular regions and Hindustani music are found in the northern and central regions.

Hindustani Music

Hindustani music was not only influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions but also enriched by the Persian performance practices of the Mughals.

Dhrupad is an old style of Hindustani singing, traditionally performed by male singers. The great Indian musician Tansen sang in the Dhrupad style. Dhrupad was the main form of northern Indian classical music but has now given way to Khyal.

Khyal is a form of vocal music in Hindustani music. It was adopted from medieval Persian music It is special as it is based on improvising and expressing emotion.

Another vocal form Tarana are medium to fast-paced songs that are usually performed towards the end of the concert. They consist of a few lines of poetry with rhythmic syllables.

Tappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music. It originated from the folk songs of the camel riders of Punjab and was developed as a form of classical music by Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori.

Thumri is a semi-classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh. The lyrics are typically in Brij Bhasha and are usually romantic.

Ghazal is an originally Persian form of Poetry. In India, Ghazal became the most common form of poetry in the Urdu language.

Although Hindustani music clearly is focused on vocal performance, recently instrumental Hindustani music is very popular than vocal music especially outside South Asia.

Carnatic Music

Carnatic music is a system of music commonly associated with the southern part of India especially. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Carnatic music is completely melodic with improvised variations. Purandara Dasa is credited with having founded today’s Carnatic music. He is credited with having elevated Carnatic music from religious and devotional music into the realm of performing art. Carnatic music is usually performed by a small ensemble of musicians consist ing of a principal performer (vocalist ) a violin, mridanga ,and a tamburu. Today Carnatic music is presented by musicians in concerts or recordings either vocally or through instruments.

Important Indian Crafts

ZARI

Zari is an even thread traditionally made offine gold or silver used in traditional Indian, Pakistani and Persian garments and curtains, etc. Four types of zari are produced in India, namely, real zari, semi real zari, imitation zari and plastic zari.
Real zari is made of silver and electroplated with gold, whereas semi real zari has a composition of copper coated with silver and gold electroplating. Surat is the home of zari industry in India. Other clusters producing zari are Bareilly, Varanasi, Agra, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Vadodara, Lathur, Jaipur, Barmer, etc.

Coir Twisting

Coir is a natural, eco-friendly, waterproof and exceptionally tensile fibre extracted from the nuts of coconut palms.
It is found in abundance and is used for manufacturing a wide range of eco-friendly toys, mats, brushes, mattresses, wall hangings, key rings, pen stands and other home decoratives.
This craft is primarily produced in Odisha (Sakhigopal, Puri, Pipli, Bhubaneswar, Batamangala and Kendrapara). It is also produced in Kerala (Ernakulam).

Folk Painting

Indian folk paintings are pictorial expressions of village painters which are marked by the subjects chosen from epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata, Indian Puranas as well as daily events. There are several vibrant folk painting types in India in different stages.
The Gond tribe of Madhya Pradesh is engaged in floor and wall painting. Warli is a vivid expression of daily and social events of Warli tribe in Maharashtra. Rajasthan is famous for Phad painting done on cloth.
Other types of paintings arc Pilhora painting in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, Madhubani painting of Bihar, Chitrakar painting of West Bengal, Patachitras in Odisha, and Kalamkar Srikalahasti, Andhra Pradesh.

Metal Ware

The metal crafts of India display intricate craftsmanship and fine art in shaping gold, silver, brass, copper into exquisitely designed images, idols, jewellery, and utility items. Different categories of handicrafts that come under metal ware are brass metalware of Moradabad, metal bidri work and bell metal in Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and so on.
India is the largest brassware producer in the world. Major clusters of brassware are Moradabad, Murshidabad, Madurai, Salem, Cuttack and Haryana.
Bidriware is a metal handicraft that originatedinBidar, Karnataka. The term
‘Bidriware’ originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the main centre of the unique metalware. It is a form of encrusted metalware, where one metal is inlaid on to another.
Bidri products include a diverse range of objects including hukka bases, bowls, boxes, candle stands, trays, jewellery and buttons. It travelled from Iran to Ajmer in Rajasthan in the 13th century AD, and from there to Bijapur and flourished during the reign of the Deccan Sultanate.Itis also practised in Aurangabad district in the state of Maharashtra and Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh. The basic metal used for Bidri is the alloy of zinc and copper.

Filigree and Silverware

Filigree is an extremely ancient technique dating back to 4000 years ago. Filigree work is performed on silver and involves significant precision and technicality. Two major clusters of silver filigree in India are Karimnagar in Andhra Pradesh and Cuttack in Odisha.
The practice in Karimnagar is about two centuries old. However, it is also practised in Warangal in Andhra Pradesh. Key raw materials used are silver wire, tracing sheet, copper, charcoal, dilute sulphuric acid.

Textile Hand Embroidery

In textile hand embroidery, embellishment is made on fabric with threads and sometimes with other materials.
There are many popular embroidery clusters such as chikankari and zardozi of Lucknow, katha of Bengal pulkari of Punjab. kutchi embroidery of Gujarat and kashidakari of Kashmir. Zardozi has been traditionally prevalent in Lucknow and the six surrounding districts ofBarabanki, Unnao, Sitapur, Rae Bareli, Hardoi and Amethi.

Textile Hand Printing

Hand-printed textiles is a craft in which cloth is dyed with hand or printed using shapes. Various types of hand printing practiced in India are block printing, batik, kalamkari (hand printing by pen) and bandhani (tie and die).
Some of the important centres of this craft are in Hyderabad, Machalipattnam, Varanasi, Farrukabad, Bagh, Behrongarh, Indore, Mandsar, Burhanpur, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Kutch, Bagru, Chittroli, Sanganer, Jaipur and Jodhpur.

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June 18, 2021

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6. CivilsDaily Habitat Sessions – Ask Anything

Where your queries about courses/syllabus / basic doubts would be addressed to keep you always on the move.

Throughout this course, you will learn about the techniques of time management, the ability to find a static–dynamic convergence. Also, peace of mind about course completion under the guidance of a mentor. The mentor would also provide a lot of reading material from time to time. But sometimes, you may need to look things up on your own for extra learning. Things change fast in our dynamic socio-political setup, so it is critical to do your own research so you can stay up-to-date on what is new.

7. Tikdams for mastering the art of intelligent guesstimates

Tikdam technique is a very important skill which can boost your score by 30+ marks. It will prepare you and enhance your ability to perform under pressure (& lack of information).

We not only impart but make you practice these skills in our Test Series. We will provide:

1) Static and Tikdam Lectures: Lectures on static subjects will *not* focus on explaining you the basics but instead focus on important details/trivia you skip to miss. From a prelims perspective, these details become very important. We are also releasing 30+ Hours of Advanced Video Lectures on Static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economy

2) Economic Survey and Budget lectures: The importance of Union budget and economic survey can’t be overstated, not only for UPSC prelims but also for Mains and Essay as well, it is a not to be missed section for preparation. Even for UPSC interview candidates, these lecture series are very important.

3) Static PDF Notes: Civilsdaily has been known for its high-quality content. In this Program, We will be providing Static notes of various Subjects like Economics, Arts and Culture, Environment, Geography, History etc.

Our Testimonials:

What is there on Habitat?
- #DDS sessions – Dedicated sessions every day to resolve doubts in real-time. Never keep a doubt to yourself.
- An ecosystem for co-learning and active learning.
- A highly motivated community to bring flexibility and consistency to your preparation.
  Habitat – Desktop and Mobile view
click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship

Program inclusion:
- 40 Tests
  - 8 Basic tests
  - 8 Advanced tests
  - 10 Current Affairs
  - 10 Full-Length Tests
  - 4 CSAT tests
- Civilsdaily’s Monthly Magazine Combo
- Individual Mentorship
- Economic Survey & Budget Videos and Notes
- Advanced Static + Tikdam Videos
- Admission to the exclusive Civilsdaily Prelims club on Habitat.
- Monthly Zoom call and Static PDF notes.
This is what our students have to say about our mock tests..

Feedback for 2021 Prelims Mocks

Civilsdaily’s Community: Testimonials

Two variants of Prelims Ts 2022:

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship
June 18, 2021
How to master Polity for Prelims in a changed pattern
Prime Prelims Program starting from 19th June 2021: First Test Polity Basic

Dear Aspirants,

In the great Trojan war between ancient Greek and the city of Troy, Achilles fought from the Greek side. He ravaged the areas around Troy and destroyed 12 cities in the first 9 years of war. In the 10th year, he was shot dead by arrows into the heel by the Trojan prince Paris. As the story goes, his mother Thetis dipped Achilles as a child in the waters of the River Styx, by which means he became invulnerable, except for the part of his heel by which she held him—the proverbial “Achilles’ heel.” Polity is becoming Acheilies heel to aspirants in UPSC prelims in the changed pattern.

India polity is a subject, which mostly all of us start preparing very early in our preparation journey towards UPSC. This is also the subject where we spend comparably more time yet commit mistakes. Let’s understand how we can rectify it?

Number of questions in Polity in recent years are:

Till 2017, reading Laxmikant for Polity seemed enough to attempt questions in Prelims. In 2020, out of 15 questions from Polity, there are 6-7 questions that could be directly solved after reading Laxmikant. However, for the rest, a conceptual understanding of Polity fundamentals and Current Affairs is required.

Studying the questions from the last 7 years, three distinct patterns emerge. Let’s understand how we can tackle them.
1. Constitution related: These are static parts of the syllabus and most can be covered after serious readings of standard books like Laxmikant. However, solving questions need a conceptual understanding of parts of the syllabus such as questions on the Right to constitutional remedies or on sessions of parliament (2020). You can find the link to prepare and optimally utilise Laxmikant here. https://www.civilsdaily.com/how-to-prepare-polity-for-prelims/
2. Polity fundamentals related: As seen from the chart above, each year certain questions try to test aspirants on their most basic understanding of polity. In recent years, There have been 4-5 questions based on polity fundamentals such as Democracy, liberty, equality, constitutionalism, the concept of rights, federalism etc. It required conceptual clarity over most basics such as Democracy vs republic, parliamentary system vs presidential system, Concept of rights etc.
Let’s take a few questions from the past to understand this pattern.

A constitutional government by definition is a _ _ _ _ .(2020)

a) government by the legislature

b) popular government

c) Multi party government

d) Limited government

Even in this question, which is very simple yet requires an understanding of fundamental concepts, Many aspirants marked answers such as (a) a government by the legislature or (b) Popular government confusing constitutionalism with a democratic system. A constitution is a check against absolutism i.e government bound by constitutional limitations and does not have absolute power, hence a constitutional government is by definition limited government (option d). Relying on elimination can be a risky game, which you must not play.

Let’s take another question:

In the context of polity, which one of the following would you accept as the most appropriate definition of liberty? (2019)

(a) Protection against the tyranny of political rulers

(b) Absence of restraint

(c) Opportunity to do whatever one likes

(d) Opportunity to develop oneself fully.

In the above question, some aspirants marked option (b) absence of restraint which in any society can lead to anarchy or option (c) Opportunity to do whatever one likes, which will also lead to chaos. Hence the most appropriate answer is d i.e. Opportunity to develop oneself fully. This is a positive definition of liberty, while applying reasonable restrictions is a negative concept of liberty. The concept of liberty comes from the theory of social contract and 3 natural rights- life, liberty and property with origin in French Revolution in the late 18th century.

Even In the 2018 prelims, there was a similar question asking relation between Laws and liberty and 2017 prelims had questions on concepts of equality and Democracy. Hence to score good marks in polity, it is necessary that we are able to answer these most fundamental questions.
As far as sources are concerned, NCERT- 9 and 10 books like Democratic politics-1 and Democratic politics-2 along with 11 and 12 Political science books- Political theory-1 and 2 provide good reference. One may also refer to NIOS political science book. So the most important element in our prep is to be able to link these fundamental concepts with the static syllabus.
1. Current Affairs or Dynamic Polity : No of questions directly from current affairs have declined and also the question quality has improved, it is no more merely factual stuff. Any issue needs to be understood holistically to answer. For ex; questions on Aadhaar Act or Legal services authorities (2020) or questions on Forest related Acts (2019) need to be read in context to answer them in exam. Merely memorising facts or compilations when the exam is near wouldn’t help. Civilsdaily monthly magazine can be of great help in this in addition to Samachar Manthan.
In recent years, questions related to governance are also being asked. Like questions on the role of bureaucracy (2020) etc.

In conclusion, Preparation of polity required holistic integration of Static syllabus from standard book, conceptual understanding of Polity fundamentals along with intelligent preparation of current Dynamics. When you read current affairs, you must link it with the fundamental aspects for example; new IT rules related to social media have bearing on liberty, freedom of speech and expression.

What CD’ s Prime test series offers?

Starting from 19th june, 2021 , it consists of 40 Tests (8 Basic, 8 Advanced, 10 Current Affairs, 10 Full Length, 4 CSAT). Polity includes two tests of basic nature along with one advanced test. It covers the polity static syllabus along with Polity fundamentals and current issues holistically.

Let’s take a few questions from the upcoming test (Polity-1 scheduled on 19-06-2021 and polity-2 scheduled on 03-07-2021) to illustrate our Evidence based Question making pattern exactly on the lines of UPSC prelims taking changing times and pattern into account. Also keeping in mind the fundamentals for those who are in the starting phase of preparation.

Let’s compare: CD test’s questions Vs UPSC Prelims Questions:

# CD’s question-1 :

Consider the following statements

1. The Preamble is a source of power to legislature or a prohibition upon the powers of legislature.

2. It is non-justiciable, that is, its provisions are not enforceable in courts of law.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a)1 only

(b) 2 only

(c ) both 1 and 2

(d) none of them

UPSC question (2020)

The Preamble to the Constitution of India is

[a) A part of the Constitution but has no legal effect

[b) Not a part of the Constitution and has no legal effect either

[c) A part of the Constitution and has the same legal effect as any other part

[d) A part of the Constitution but has no legal effect independently of other parts

#CD questions-2

Consider the following statements

1. Parliament under Article 368 can amend any part of the Constitution excluding the Fundamental Rights.

2. The constitution has defined what constitutes the basic structure of the constitution.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of them
UPSC question (2020)

Consider the following statements:
1. The Constitution of India defines its ‘basic structure’ in terms of federalism, secularism, fundamental rights and democracy.
2. The Constitution of India provides for ‘judicial review’ to safeguard the ‘citizens’ liberties and to preserve the ideals on which the constitution is based.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[a) 1 only

[b) 2 only

[c) Both 1 and 2

[d) Neither 1 nor 2

#CD question-3

Consider the following statements

1. A minister cannot participate in the proceedings of a House, of which he is not a member.

2. A minister, who is not a member of either House, can participate in the proceedings of both the Houses.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

UPSC question (2018)

Consider the following statements:
1. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly Shall vacate his/her office if he/she ceases to be a member of the Assembly.
2. Whenever the Legislative Assembly is dissolved, the Speaker shall vacate his/her immediately.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

CD question -4

Which of the statements given below about the Fundamental Rights is/are correct?

1. They are meant for promoting the ideal of political democracy.

2. They protect the liberties and freedoms of the people against the invasion by the State.

3. They aim at establishing a government of men and not of laws.

a)1 and 2 only

b) 1 and 3 only

c)2 and 3 only

d) 1, 2 and 3

#UPSC question (2018)

Which of the following are regarded as the main features of the “Rule of Law”?
1. Limitation of powers
2. Equality before law
3. People’s responsibility to the Government
4. Liberty and civil rights
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 2 and 4 only

(c) 1, 2 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

#CD question -5

Consider the following statements

1. Under Article 32 Supreme Court can issue writs for enforcement of both the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution and any other right

2. Under Article 226 High courts can issue writs only for Fundamental rights
3.Parliament can empower any other court to issue directions, orders and writs of all kinds.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a)1 &2only

b)2 &3 only

c)1, 2& 3

d)only 3

#UPSC question (2014)

The power of the Supreme Court of India to decide disputes between the Centre and the States falls under its

(a) advisory jurisdiction

(b) appellate jurisdiction.

(c) original jurisdiction

(d) writ jurisdiction

As you can see, our aim here is to make you ready for the great prelims Day exam by putting you in the similar paper in every test. Let the Polity with you.

Looking forward to listening to you after you attempt the first test. You can find the detailed schedule here of tests:

Prime Prelims Ts 2022 launched | Program starting from 19th June 2021 | Enrollment open

By

Santosh Gupta

Prelims Coordinator

Civilsdaily

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship
June 18, 2021
Last 2 days to Join Prelims TS 2022: First test on 19th June | Enrollments open
Program starting from 19th June 2021

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship

40 Tests (8 Basic, 8 Advanced, 10 Current Affairs, 10 Full Length, 4 CSAT)

Download PDF for better visibility – Prime Prelims TS 2022 Time Table

It’s 2021-22 session and we are set to look at the brighter side of Covid mayhem. Apparently, it dented our confidence but not the will to stand tall. So much happened over the last couple of years and now things are set for a revival. Several exams were battered with UPSC Civil Services being no exception.

Despite the churnings happening around us, few fundamentals couldn’t be challenged at least about the UPSC exam. Much coveted UPSC civils service has always attracted the best talents from across India. Hence on the flip side heightening the competition. So, you really have to strive hard. As a result, a focussed and measured approach is always needed and that too throughout the year.

Those who have already faced the exam would know it themselves. The importance & contribution of the Mock Tests in finetuning the prep process cannot be overemphasized.

I wouldn’t mention anyone else but cite my own example.

During the first year of preparations, I used to struggle through Hindu and Express for current affairs. Investing around 4 hours a day fighting the menace of changing context all on my own. Then I realised the need for something which had the potential to give me clarity on the content and samples of what comes in the exam.

It then became evident that a reliable touch of direction and a source of instant help, whenever necessary is indispensable. That’s when I would know what are my weaknesses and how to correct them. Not only that but also how to mend my gaps in understanding.

These sessions have the power of healing touch and reassurance. That’s how I could divert all my energy with a needle tip precision and forsake all the non-core worries to my mentors/course designers.

Now fast forward to the present, to prove the point we have many testimonies and attestations. Not the least many top rankers in several pep talks have emphasised the importance of Mocks / Practice Test papers. And Civilsdaily IAS has always been at the centre stage.

Comparison Between With Mentorship, Without Mentorship and Other Program

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship

Presenting you few highlights about our Prime Prelims Program 2022

1. Complete course revision with Test Paper-based time-plan

The complete course has 36 Test papers, to enhance the exam worthiness of an aspirant. Especially those who have their house (concepts) in order about the course/syllabus. The idea of solving test or mock papers is with the intent to find out the gaps in our preparation. Sometimes they are also helpful for the mains or subjective type questions.

2. A holistic mix of Static – cum- Dynamic Test series

Course completion is what we care to establish with each finishing module. And this incorporates the aspect of Current affairs and Associated statics as well. Hence an aspirant gets a holistic mix of Static cum Dynamic elements featured in this course.

3. Mentor & Discussion help for 1-1

This is an important element for aiding/expediting the process of course completion within a specified time limit. Mentorship with tests is going to help an aspirant keep a track of the syllabus, which was earlier either glossed over or paid little attention to. Mentors will be the person who would have the responsibility to ensure you end up with all the papers. Also, imparting valuable advice to stay sane and mindful.

Test Mentorship calls would be provided once you are up-to-date with all the allotted tests. Calls would be scheduled as per this plan:
1. One call after the first two tests. Aimed at guiding the basics.
2. One call after the successful completion of basic tests.
3. One call after the successful completion of Advanced tests.
4. One call before the start of FLTs.
5. One call before the Prelims Exam.
4. All India Rankings

All India rankings are here to help you deal with the moments of truths vis-à-vis your preparation level. They give you the necessary nudge to focus back on evaluating the current state of preparation. Your mentor would have a lot more to focus on wrt the rankings you achieve.

5. Performance-based Aspirant Cohorts on Civilsdaily Habitat

At Civilsdaily, you would get a community always ready to deal with unexpected roadblocks. We aim to create a like-minded and similarly placed aspirant cohort. For a better discussion of tasks and problem-solving capabilities. So as a member of any Cohort, chat (responsibly) with other learners.

If you have a question, chances are, you’re not alone. Reach out in the discussion forum to ask for help from other learners taking this program.

6. CivilsDaily Habitat Sessions – Ask Anything

Where your queries about courses/syllabus / basic doubts would be addressed to keep you always on the move.

Throughout this course, you will learn about the techniques of time management, the ability to find a static–dynamic convergence. Also, peace of mind about course completion under the guidance of a mentor. The mentor would also provide a lot of reading material from time to time. But sometimes, you may need to look things up on your own for extra learning. Things change fast in our dynamic socio-political setup, so it is critical to do your own research so you can stay up-to-date on what is new.

7. Tikdams for mastering the art of intelligent guesstimates

Tikdam technique is a very important skill which can boost your score by 30+ marks. It will prepare you and enhance your ability to perform under pressure (& lack of information).

We not only impart but make you practice these skills in our Test Series. We will provide:

1) Static and Tikdam Lectures: Lectures on static subjects will *not* focus on explaining you the basics but instead focus on important details/trivia you skip to miss. From a prelims perspective, these details become very important. We are also releasing 30+ Hours of Advanced Video Lectures on Static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economy

2) Economic Survey and Budget lectures: The importance of Union budget and economic survey can’t be overstated, not only for UPSC prelims but also for Mains and Essay as well, it is a not to be missed section for preparation. Even for UPSC interview candidates, these lecture series are very important.

3) Static PDF Notes: Civilsdaily has been known for its high-quality content. In this Program, We will be providing Static notes of various Subjects like Economics, Arts and Culture, Environment, Geography, History etc.

Our Testimonials:

What is there on Habitat?
- #DDS sessions – Dedicated sessions every day to resolve doubts in real-time. Never keep a doubt to yourself.
- An ecosystem for co-learning and active learning.
- A highly motivated community to bring flexibility and consistency to your preparation.
  Habitat – Desktop and Mobile view
click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship

Program inclusion:
- 40 Tests
  - 8 Basic tests
  - 8 Advanced tests
  - 10 Current Affairs
  - 10 Full-Length Tests
  - 4 CSAT tests
- Civilsdaily’s Monthly Magazine Combo
- Individual Mentorship
- Economic Survey & Budget Videos and Notes
- Advanced Static + Tikdam Videos
- Admission to the exclusive Civilsdaily Prelims club on Habitat.
- Monthly Zoom call and Static PDF notes.
This is what our students have to say about our mock tests..

Feedback for 2021 Prelims Mocks

Civilsdaily’s Community: Testimonials

Two variants of Prelims Ts 2022:

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship

click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship
June 18, 2021
18th June 2021| Daily Answer Writing Enhancement(AWE)
Topics for Today’s questions:

GS-1 Effects of globalization on Indian society.

GS-2 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

GS-3 Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

GS-4 Case Study.

Questions:

Question 1)

Q.1) “Globalization has made Indian society more creative and prosperous but also more vulnerable”, Comment. (15 Marks)

Question 2)

Q.2) Beliefs, priorities, traditions and aversions to behavioural change are more similar across South Asia than we admit. In lights of this, discuss the significance of cooperation among the South Asian countries in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. (10 Marks)

Question 3)

Q.3) The new Information Technology Rules 2021 attempts to bring in regulatory standards to social media. However, regulation of social media leads to several issues. What are these issues and what should be the extent of regulation of social media? (10 Marks)

Question 4)

Q.4) Covid-19 is a crisis of century for world. It has effected almost all the aspects of life on planet earth. Being an infectious disease its spread and control is intrinsically aligned to how people conduct their behavior. People from different culture have developed different ways to deal with infectious disease. Epidemiologists are arguing for locally culture contextualized ways to design Covid-19 appropriate behavior. Even WHO has focused on devising locally sensitive ways to tackle Covid-19. (a). Discuss how culture specific behavior impact the spread and control of infectious diseases like covid-19. (b). Suppose you are DM of a district responsible for handling such disease. What ways you employ to tackle disease in your district?(20 Marks)

HOW TO ATTEMPT ANSWERS IN DAILY ANSWER WRITING ENHANCEMENT(AWE)?
1. Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you.
2. A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool but we encourage you to write original answers.
3. You can write your answer on an A4 sheet and scan/click pictures of the same.
4. Upload the scanned answer in the comment section of the same question.
5. Along with the scanned answer, please share your Razor payment ID, so that paid members are given priority.
6. If you upload the answer on the same day like the answer of 1st June is uploaded on 1st June then your answer will be checked within 72 hours. Also, reviews will be in the order of submission- First come first serve basis
7. If you are writing answers late, for example, 1st June is uploaded on 3rd June, then these answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.
8. We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Swatantra so that the mentor is notified about your answer.
*In case your answer is not reviewed, reply to your answer saying *NOT CHECKED*. Swatantra Sir’s tag is available, tag him.

For the philosophy of AWE and payment:

CLICK HERE To join Daily AWE
June 18, 2021
Mains Essential Program 2022 launched | Program starting from 4th July 2021 | Enrollment open
Is UPSC 2022 examination your Goal?

Then MEP 2022 is your solution to practicing Mains Answer writing. Don’t procrastinate answer writing, developing a skill does not happen magically after you clear prelims.

Mains is the most important stage of the UPSC exam. It’s also becoming more and more unpredictable, analytical and dynamic than ever before.

PROGRAM STARTS 4^th JULY 2021.

ENROLL TODAY TO START EARLY.

22 TOTAL TESTS (10 SECTIONAL + 12 FULL LENGTH TEST)

Click here to join MEP 2022

CLICK HERE FOR MEP 2022 SCHEDULE

What is MEP 2022?

Mains Essential Program 2022 is a Mentor guided comprehensive and intensive program for GS Mains papers. The focus is on making students understand the requirement of Mains Question, its elements, using information, and imparting answer writing skills for that.

Our previous year Mains tests have had an exceptional hit ratio in 2019 and 2018 UPSC Mains.

In 2020, 80% of students in our smash mains program were able to clear the mains examination.

Program inclusion:
1. 10 Sectional tests: The whole syllabus will be divided into portions like history, economics, and geography. The test will be spread for a period of 7 months. This will ensure that your basic static preparation happens on a continuous basis alongside your mains answer writing program. Killing two birds with one stone!
2. 12 Full-length tests: After the prelims, it is time to go full gear.
3. Live Video discussion: You doubt why you are scoring less or how you can improve your score for the next paper. No worries! After every test, a live video discussion on the test will happen where you can raise your queries. And if by any chance you miss it, the recording will be made available to you.
4. Civilsdaily’s handholding: You will be provided membership to Mains 2021 club on Habitat. There you can put up your doubts and queries. Also can be used to interact with peers on strategies to improve your mains writing. You can also contact mentors like Sajal sir, Sukanya ma’am, Sudhanshu sir and Ajay sir. They all have interview-level experience, so utilize their experience to your benefit.
5. Civilsdaily magazine: Your current affairs will be covered with access to our 1-year subscription.
Click here to join MEP 2022

CLICK HERE FOR MEP 2022 SCHEDULE

Why MEP 2022? (Our Philosophy)

1. Question Formulation

It happens under a team of experienced Civilsdaily’s faculty. Questions framed are from the most important UPSC relevant themes and papers are based on the latest pattern of UPSC.

Our questions specifically state:
- Whether they are straightforward or thought-provoking/analytical.
- Whether they have subparts.
- Why this question – similar previous year questions, the importance of the theme, etc.
CD Innovation – Red-green highlight – to let you know about the necessary and innovative points.

2. Live Video Discussion

Just writing a mock is not enough. You need to discuss your issues and ways through which you can improve. This is where our Live video discussion comes in handy. Raise your queries as the mentor discusses with you the structure of answers and how to enhance your answer writing.

3. Answer Checking

Our evaluation focusses on multiple dimensions and parameters like structure, flow, presentation, contextuality, relevance to question, analytical excellence, and cross-domain inter-linkages than simply on superficial, memory-based lapses.

Evaluated answer copy – 1 (Click to download)

Evaluated answer copy – 2 (Click to download)

Read more about our methodology here.

4. Model Answers

More than just simply providing information, our model answers cover all the aspects of a question and provide enriching points to the student. They also include:
- For ‘thought-provoking/analytical’ type of questions, we’ll provide the best way to approach them.
- Alternate introductions
- Sub-headings and categorization to enhance readability and answer structure.
- Colour coding for main arguments, reports, data, scholars, etc.
- OTB – Out of the box points for additional marks
5. Civilsdaily’s Handholding

You’ll be assigned to a special group on Civilsdaily’s Habitat, there you can interact with different mentors like Sajal Sir, Sukanya ma’am, Ajay Sir, Sudhanshu sir, and others.

Habitat is where everything comes together learning, doubt clearing, notes, references, mentor’s support, and a focussed community. You’re going to learn and discuss like never before.

6. Value-added material

Current affairs magazines – Civilsdaily’s Magazines are the best in terms of comprehensive coverage, superb design, and high readability. Get them here.

Listicles and other relevant study material – Supplementary content provided will be helpful in covering multiple related questions.

Click here to join MEP 2022

CLICK HERE FOR MEP 2022 SCHEDULE

This is what our students have to say..

From Quora’s answer. (Read the full answer here)

Mains Test Series Community: Testimonials

PROGRAM STARTS 4^th JULY 2021.

ENROLL TODAY TO START EARLY.

22 TOTAL TESTS (10 SECTIONAL + 12 FULL LENGTH TEST)

Click here to join MEP 2022

CLICK HERE FOR MEP 2022 SCHEDULE
June 18, 2021
Mains Essential Program 2022 launched | Program starting from 4th July 2021 | Enrollment open
Is UPSC 2022 examination your Goal?

Then MEP 2022 is your solution to practicing Mains Answer writing. Don’t procrastinate answer writing, developing a skill does not happen magically after you clear prelims.

Mains is the most important stage of the UPSC exam. It’s also becoming more and more unpredictable, analytical and dynamic than ever before.

PROGRAM STARTS 4^th JULY 2021.

ENROLL TODAY TO START EARLY.

22 TOTAL TESTS (10 SECTIONAL + 12 FULL LENGTH TEST)

Click here to join MEP 2022

CLICK HERE FOR MEP 2022 SCHEDULE

What is MEP 2022?

Mains Essential Program 2022 is a Mentor guided comprehensive and intensive program for GS Mains papers. The focus is on making students understand the requirement of Mains Question, its elements, using information, and imparting answer writing skills for that.

Our previous year Mains tests have had an exceptional hit ratio in 2019 and 2018 UPSC Mains.

In 2020, 80% of students in our smash mains program were able to clear the mains examination.

Program inclusion:
1. 10 Sectional tests: The whole syllabus will be divided into portions like history, economics, and geography. The test will be spread for a period of 7 months. This will ensure that your basic static preparation happens on a continuous basis alongside your mains answer writing program. Killing two birds with one stone!
2. 12 Full-length tests: After the prelims, it is time to go full gear.
3. Live Video discussion: You doubt why you are scoring less or how you can improve your score for the next paper. No worries! After every test, a live video discussion on the test will happen where you can raise your queries. And if by any chance you miss it, the recording will be made available to you.
4. Civilsdaily’s handholding: You will be provided membership to Mains 2021 club on Habitat. There you can put up your doubts and queries. Also can be used to interact with peers on strategies to improve your mains writing. You can also contact mentors like Sajal sir, Sukanya ma’am, Sudhanshu sir and Ajay sir. They all have interview-level experience, so utilize their experience to your benefit.
5. Civilsdaily magazine: Your current affairs will be covered with access to our 1-year subscription.
Click here to join MEP 2022

CLICK HERE FOR MEP 2022 SCHEDULE

Why MEP 2022? (Our Philosophy)

1. Question Formulation

It happens under a team of experienced Civilsdaily’s faculty. Questions framed are from the most important UPSC relevant themes and papers are based on the latest pattern of UPSC.

Our questions specifically state:
- Whether they are straightforward or thought-provoking/analytical.
- Whether they have subparts.
- Why this question – similar previous year questions, the importance of the theme, etc.
CD Innovation – Red-green highlight – to let you know about the necessary and innovative points.

2. Live Video Discussion

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June 17, 2021
17th June 2021| Daily Answer Writing Enhancement(AWE)
Topics for Today’s questions:

GS-1 Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India

GS-2 Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

GS-3 Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

GS-4 Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service;

Questions:

Question 1)

Q.1) The caste system is the bane for the Indian society. It has brought many evils in the society. What are the steps taken by the Indian Government to overcome the harms of the system? Suggest measure to bring about true equality among the people. (15 marks)

Question 2)

Q.2) What is right to be forgotten and how it is related to the right to privacy? Examine the issues related to the implementation of the right to be forgotten. (10 Marks)

Question 3)

Q.3) As the world moves towards the global taxation reforms, what are the factors India needs to consider? Also examine the significance of the imposition of equalisation levy by India on non-resident e-commerce operators. (10 Marks)

Question 4)

Q.4) “Emotions are irrational, unproductive and subjective. They should never guide administrative actions”. Do you agree?

HOW TO ATTEMPT ANSWERS IN DAILY ANSWER WRITING ENHANCEMENT(AWE)?
1. Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you.
2. A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool but we encourage you to write original answers.
3. You can write your answer on an A4 sheet and scan/click pictures of the same.
4. Upload the scanned answer in the comment section of the same question.
5. Along with the scanned answer, please share your Razor payment ID, so that paid members are given priority.
6. If you upload the answer on the same day like the answer of 1st June is uploaded on 1st June then your answer will be checked within 72 hours. Also, reviews will be in the order of submission- First come first serve basis
7. If you are writing answers late, for example, 1st June is uploaded on 3rd June, then these answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.
8. We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Swatantra so that the mentor is notified about your answer.
*In case your answer is not reviewed, reply to your answer saying *NOT CHECKED*. Swatantra Sir’s tag is available, tag him.

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June 17, 2021
[RSTV ARCHIVE] Ethanol Blending: Significance & Road Ahead
The Central Government has resolved to meet the target of 20 percent ethanol blending in petrol by 2025. This will help India strengthen its energy security, enable local enterprises and farmers to participate in the energy economy and reduce vehicular emissions.

In this article we shall discuss and analyze all aspects of this issue.

What is Ethanol Blending?
- An ethanol blend is defined as a blended motor fuel containing ethyl alcohol that is at least 99% pure, derived from agricultural products, and blended exclusively with petrol (gasoline).
- Ethanol, anhydrous ethyl alcohol having a chemical formula of C₂H₅OH, can be produced from sugarcane, maize, wheat, etc. which are having high starch content.
- In India, ethanol is mainly produced from sugarcane molasses by the fermentation process. Ethanol can be mixed with the gasoline to form different blends.
- As the ethanol molecule contains oxygen, it allows the engine to more completely combust the fuel, resulting in fewer emissions and thereby reducing the occurrence of environmental pollution.
- Since ethanol is produced from plants that harness the power of the sun, ethanol is also considered a renewable fuel.
Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme
- Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme was launched in January, 2003 for supply of 5% ethanol blended Petrol.
- The programme sought to promote the use of alternative and environment friendly fuels and to reduce import dependency for energy requirements.
- OMCs are advised to continue according priority of ethanol from 1) sugarcane juice/sugar/sugar syrup, 2) B-heavy molasses 3) C-heavy molasses and 4) damaged food grains/other sources.
- At present, this programme has been extended to whole of India except UTs of Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands with effect from 01st April, 2019 wherein OMCs sell petrol blended with ethanol up to 10%.
Ethanol blending in India
- Ethanol now is blended 10% to petrol, which started with 5% when the EBP was launched
- Last year 173 crore liters of petrol was blended with ethanol.
Why need 20% blending?

Mixing 20 percent ethanol in petrol holds multiple attractions for India.
- First, it can potentially reduce the auto fuel import bill by a yearly $4 billion, or Rs 30,000 crore.
- Second, it also provides for farmers to earn extra income if they grow to produce that helps in ethanol production.
- Third, and no less important, is the fact that ethanol is less polluting than other fuels and, per the NITI Aayog paper, “offers equivalent efficiency at a lower cost than petrol”.
What is needed to meet the blending target?
- Till 2014 an average of only 1.5 percent ethanol could be blended in India, that proportion has now reached about 8.5 percent.
- So, while in 2013-14, about 38 crore liters of ethanol were purchased in the country, that figure now stands at more than 320 crore liters.
- A majority of the ethanol units are concentrated in 4 to 5 states where sugar production is high but food grain-based distilleries are now being set up across India.
- There have been efforts to make ethanol from agricultural waste.
Response from automobile sector
- All automobile materials produced after 2009 are compatible with 10% ethanol. However they are not compatible with E20 (20 percent ethanol blend with petrol).
- The NITI Aayog paper said that two-wheelers and passenger vehicles that are now being made in the country “are designed optimally for E5 while rubber and plastic components are “compatible with E10 fuel”.
- The industry body the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) has guaranteed that “once a road-map for making E10 and E20 available in the country is notified… they would gear up to supply compatible vehicles in line with the roadmap”.
- All the components required can be made available in the country” and that “no significant change in the assembly line is expected”.
Why is 20% blending a significant decision?
- Ethanol blending will also, to a large extent, solve the problem of agricultural waste as well as sugar rates plummeting due to excess production, therefore providing security to sugarcane farmers.
- It can help accomplish dual goal of strengthening energy security with low carbon emission.
- It will enable local enterprises and farmers to participate in the energy economy.
- Reducing import bill is another significant benefit. India imports 85% of crude oil.
- Ethanol blending increases octane number thereby increasing fuel quality in terms of anti-knocking tendency (engine sound)
Hurdles in implementation
- In the previous fiscal, 87 per cent of ethanol used for India’s ethanol blending program was produced using sugar.
- The price of ethanol production in India ranges from $0.63 – $0.87 a litre, significantly higher than the US and Brazil where it is about $ 0.61 per litre.
- The procurement of ethanol by OMCs is governed by an administered pricing mechanism that fixes prices every year based on the raw material used.
- This fixing of the price of raw materials for production had led to India producing ethanol at prices higher than other countries.
- The report also highlighted the excessive use of water — estimated at 2,860 litres — for the production of one litre of ethanol from sugar.
Hence there is a need to move to more environmentally sustainable crops.

Way forward
- For attaining E100 i.e. cent percent clean mobility, ambitious ethanol blending program is a must.
- Emphasis should be laid on alternative of ethanol. Methanol with some modifications can also be used for blending.
- Major source of producing ethanol is sugarcane which is a water intensive crop. Hence we need more sustainable sources to produce Ethanol.
Source:
June 17, 2021
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June 16, 2021