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From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: Compressed Biogas (CBG)
Why in the News?
PM Modi inaugurated the 100 TPD cattle dung-based Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) plant in Gwalior.
About the CBG Plant
- The plant is located in Laltipara, Gwalior, within the largest cowshed in the region, Adarsh Gaushala, which houses over 10,000 cattle.
- It spans over 5 acres.
- It is India’s first self-sufficient gaushala with a modern CBG plant, where cow dung and organic waste (such as vegetable and fruit waste from mandis and households) are processed into valuable biogas.
- The project, developed at a cost of ₹31 crores, is a collaboration between Gwalior Municipal Corporation and the Indian Oil Corporation.
Working features:
- Bio CNG: The plant produces 2 tons of compressed Bio CNG daily from 100 tons of cattle dung, providing a cleaner, eco-friendly alternative to traditional fossil fuels.
- Organic Manure: The plant also generates 10-15 tons of dry bio-manure daily, which is a valuable by-product for organic farming.
- Windrow composting: The plant incorporates windrow composting, located adjacent to the main facility, which enhances organic waste processing.
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What is Compressed Biogas (CBG)?
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Details |
About |
- CBG is a renewable natural gas produced from the biochemical conversion of organic waste into methane.
- It is chemically similar to CNG (compressed natural gas) and can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels in transportation, cooking, and power generation.
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Process of Making CBG |
- Collection of Organic Waste: Organic waste such as agricultural residue, animal dung, food waste, and municipal solid waste is collected from farms, industries, and households.
- Anaerobic Digestion: Waste is placed in an airtight chamber, where microorganisms break it down without oxygen, producing biogas (methane, carbon dioxide, trace gases).
- Purification: The raw biogas undergoes purification through methods like pressure swing adsorption, water scrubbing, or membrane separation to remove impurities like CO₂, H₂S, and water, leaving pure methane.
- Compression: The purified methane is compressed to 200-250 bar pressure to form CBG, reducing volume for storage and transportation.
- Storage and Distribution: It is stored in high-pressure cylinders or tanks and transported to fuel stations or industries for various applications.
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Significance of CBG |
- Reduces fossil fuel dependence.
- Mitigates landfill methane emissions.
- CBG can replace CNG, reducing pollution.
- Utilizes local organic waste.
- Creates jobs, promotes organic farming, and provides eco-friendly fertilizers.
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