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  • What are Karewas?

    Kashmir’s highly fertile alluvial soil deposits called ‘karewas’ are being destroyed in the name of development, much to the peril of local people

    What are Karewas?

    • The Kashmir valley is an oval-shaped basin, 140 km long and 40 km wide, trending in the NNW–SSE direction.
    • It is an intermountain valley fill, comprising of unconsolidated gravel and mud.
    • A succession of plateaus is present above the Plains of Jhelum and its tributaries.
    • These plateau-like terraces are called ‘Karewas’ or ‘Vudr’ in the local language.
    • These plateaus are 13,000-18,000 metre-thick deposits of alluvial soil and sediments like sandstone and mudstone.
    • This makes them ideal for cultivation of saffron, almonds, apples and several other cash crops.

    Significance of Karewas

    • Today, the karewa sediments not only hold fossils and remnants of many human civilisations and habitations, but are also the most fertile spots in the valley.
    • Kashmir saffron, which received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2020 for its longer and thicker stigmas, deep-red colour, high aroma and bitter flavour, is grown on these karewas.

    How are they formed?

    • The fertility of these patches is believed to be the result of their long history of formation.
    • When formed during the Pleistocene period (2.6 million years to 11,700 years ago), the Pir Panjal range blocked the natural drainage in the region and formed a lake spanning 5,000 sq km.
    • Over the next few centuries, the water receded, making way for the valley and the formation of the karewas between the mountains.

    Threats to Karewas

    • Despite its agricultural and archaeological importance, karewas are now being excavated to be used in construction.
    • Between 1995 and 2005, massive portions of karewas in Pulwama, Budgam and Baramulla districts were razed to the ground for clay for the 125-km-long Qazigund-Baramulla rail line.
    • The Srinagar airport is built on the Damodar karewa in Budgam.

     

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  • Polity Titbits: Important articles/schedules of Constitution

    Dear Aspirants,

    This Spotlight is a part of our Mission Nikaalo Prelims-2022.

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    9th Mar 2022

    The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. 

    It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950. The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country’s fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autonomy, its framers repealed prior acts of the British parliament in Article 395. 

    The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, assuring its citizens justice, equality and liberty, and endeavors to promote fraternity. The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi. The words “secular” and “socialist” were added to the preamble in 1976 during the emergency.

    The Indian constitution is the world’s longest for a sovereign nation. At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution – after the Constitution of Alabama – in the world.

    Articles in Indian Constitution: As the written constitution is a compact document like a book, it has various parts, parts have various chapters, chapters have various articles.

    The constitution has a preamble and 395 articles, which are grouped into 25 parts. With 12 schedules and five appendices, it has been amended 103 times; the latest amendment became effective on 14 January 2019. Despite various amendments, the number of articles in the Constitution still remains 395. There is nothing like Article 396. The new articles are always inserted in between i.e. Article 31A.

    IMPORTANT TITBIT:  If counted separately there are 444 Articles but in the Constitution of India there are only 396 Articles. The rest are merely clauses or sub-clauses added later. The reason behind this is that there is a rule that no one can alter the basic structure of the COI. Now a problem came up, which was how to include more articles as you cannot add a 397th article as it would be against the Basic Structure Doctrine, so a solution that came up, which was that to include the new articles in clauses or sub-clauses of the existing articles.

    Here are the lists of various important Articles of the Indian Constitution. 

    S.No

    Article

    Deals with

    1 1 Name and Territory of Union
    2 3 New States Formation, Alteration of Boundaries, etc.
    3 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the Fundamental Rights
    4 14 Equality before Law (popularly known as Right to Equality)
    5 15 Prohibition of Discrimination (on basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth)
    6 16 Equality in case of Public Employment
    7 17 Abolition of Untouchability
    8 18 Abolition of Titles
    9 19 Protection of Certain Rights to Freedom (popularly known as Right to Freedom)
    10 19a Freedom of Speech & Expression
    11 19b Right to Peaceful Assembly
    12 19c Freedom of Association
    13 19d Right to Move Freely through India
    14 19e Freedom of Settlement & Residence
    15 19f (Omitted as a fundamental right – governed by article 300A.) Right to Own Personal Property.
    16 19g Freedom to Practise any Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business
    17 21 Right to Life and Personal Liberty
    18 21A Right to Education
    19 23 Prohibition of Human Trafficking and Forced Labour
    20 24 Prohibition of Child Labour
    21 25 Freedom to Practise & Propagate Religion Freely
    22 29 Protection of Interests of Minorities
    23 32 Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights including writs
    24 44 Uniform Civil Code
    25 50 Separation of Judiciary from Executive
    26 51 Promotion of International Peace and Security
    27 51A Fundamental Duties
    28 72 Powers of President to Grant Pardons etc.
    29 76 Attorney-General of India
    30 78 Duties of Prime Minister
    31 85 Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation and Dissolution
    32 93 The Speaker & Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
    33 100 Voting in Houses
    34 105 Powers, Privileges, etc. of Members of Parliament
    35 106 Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament
    36 108 Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament
    37 109-110 Money Bills
    38 112 Budget
    39 123 President’s Power to Promulgate Ordinance while Parliament in Recess
    40 127 Appointment of ad hoc Judges in the Supreme Court
    41 139 Supreme Court’s Powers to Issue Certain Writs
    42 141 Supreme Court’s Law Binding on All Courts
    43 148-149 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
    44 155 Appointment of Governor
    45 161 Power of Governors to Grant Pardon etc.
    46 165 Advocate-General for the State
    47 167 Duties of Chief Minister
    48 224 Appointment of Additional & Acting Judges in High Courts
    49 224A Appointment of Retired Judges in High Courts
    50 226 Power of High Courts to issue writs
    51 280 Finance Commission
    52 312 All India Services
    53 324 Election Commission
    54 335 SCs and STs claim to Services and Posts
    55 343 Official Language
    56 352 National Emergency
    57 356 President’s Rule in case of Failure of Constitutional Machinery in States
    58 360 Financial Emergency
    59 368 Power of Parliament to Amend the Constitution
    60 370 Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir
    61 392 Power of the President to remove difficulties

    Schedules of the Indian Constitution:

    Like a book contains appendices to explain things and provide extra info, the constitution contains various schedules. They are Lists that categorize and tabulate bureaucratic activity and policy of the Government. They are kept separate because it is a lengthy document and hence, not included in the original text of constitution but they are very much part of the constitution. 

     

    Important Titbits:

    1. Originally they were 8 in number, now they are 12. 
    2. The 4 new schedules were added: IX through the 1st Constitution Amendment Act 1951); X through Anti-Defection Law 52nd CAA 1985; XI through the 73rd CAA Panchayati Raj 1992 and XII through the 74th CAA Municipality 1992.
    3. Matters added to the 9th schedule after 24th April 1973 (Kesavananda Bharati Case) are not immune to judicial review (I.R. Coelho case)

    Schedules of Indian Constitution

     

    Numbers

    Subject Matter

    First Schedule
    1. Names of the States and their territorial jurisdiction.
    2. Names of the Union Territories and their extent.
    Second Schedule Provisions relating to the emoluments, allowances, privileges and so on of:

     

    1. The President of India
    2. The Governors of States
    3. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
    4. The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
    5. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in the states
    6. The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council in the states
    7. The Judges of the Supreme Court
    8. The Judges of the High Courts
    9. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
    Third Schedule Forms of Oaths or Affirmations for:

     

    1. The Union ministers

    2. The candidates for election to the Parliament

    3. The members of Parliament

    4. The judges of the Supreme Court

    5. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India

    6. The state ministers

    7. The candidates for election to the state legislature

    8. The members of the state legislature

    9. The judges of the High Courts

    Fourth Schedule Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the states and the union territories.
    Fifth Schedule Provisions relating to the administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes.
    Sixth Schedule Provisions relating to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
    Seventh Schedule Division of powers between the Union and the States in terms of List I (Union List), List II (State List) and List III (Concurrent List). Presently, the Union List contains 100 subjects (originally 97), the state list contains 61 subjects (originally 66) and the concurrent list contains 52 subjects (originally 47).
    Eighth Schedule Languages recognized by the Constitution. Originally, it had 14 languages but presently there are 22 languages. They are: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri (Dongri), Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Mathili (Maithili), Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu. Sindhi was added by the 21st Amendment Act of 1967; Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added by the 71 st Amendment Act of 1992; and Bodo, Dongri, Maithili and Santhali were added by the 92nd Amendment Act of 2003.
    Ninth Schedule Acts and Regulations (originally 13 but presently 282) 19 of the state legislatures dealing with land reforms and the abolition of the zamindari system and of the. Parliament dealing with other matters. This schedule was added by the 1st Amendment (1951) to protect the laws included in it from judicial scrutiny on the ground of violation of fundamental rights. However, in 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that the laws included in this schedule after April 24, 1973, are now open to judicial review.
    Tenth Schedule Provisions relating to the disqualification of the members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection. This schedule was added by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985, also known as Anti-defection Law.
    Eleventh Schedule Specifies the powers, authority and responsibilities ofPanchayats. It has 29 matters. This schedule was added by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992.
    Twelfth Schedule Specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Municipalities. It has 18 matters. This schedule was added by the 74th Amendment Act of 1992.
  • In news: Pal-Dadhvav Massacre

    The Gujarat government has marked 100 years of the Pal-Dadhvav killings, calling it a massacre “bigger than the Jallianwala Bagh”.

    Pal-Dadhvav Massacre

    • The massacre took place on March 7, 1922, in the Pal-Chitariya and Dadhvaav villages of Sabarkantha district, then part of Idar state.
    • The day was Amalki Ekadashi, which falls just before Holi, a major festival for tribals.
    • Villagers from Pal, Dadhvav, and Chitariya had gathered on the banks of river Heir as part of the ‘Eki movement’, led by one Motilal Tejawat.
    • The movement was to protest against the land revenue tax (lagaan) imposed on the peasants by the British and feudal lords.
    • Tejawat, who belonged to Koliyari village in the Mewad region of Rajasthan, had also mobilised Bhils from Kotda Chhavni, Sirohi, and Danta to participate.

    The fateful day

    • Tejawat had been outlawed by the Udaipur state, which had announced a Rs-500 reward on his head.
    • The Mewad Bhil Corps (MBC), a paramilitary force raised by the British that was on the lookout for Tejawat, heard of this gathering and reached the spot.
    • On a command from Tejawat, nearly 2000 Bhils raised their bows and arrows and shouted in unison- ‘We will not pay the tax’.
    • The MBC commanding officer, HG Sutton, ordered his men to fire upon them creating a huge stampede.
    • Nearly 1,000 tribals (Bhils) fell to bullets. While the British claimed some 22 people were killed, the Bhils believe 1,200-1,500 of them died.

    Must read:

    Important Rebellions and Peasant Movements

     

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  • [pib] Petascale Supercomputer “PARAM Ganga” established at IIT Roorkee

    The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) has now deployed “PARAM Ganga”, a supercomputer at IIT Roorkee, with a supercomputing capacity of 1.66 Petaflops.

    What is a Supercomputer?

    • A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer.
    • The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS).
    • Since 2017, there are supercomputers which can perform over a hundred quadrillion FLOPS (peta FLOPS).
    • Since November 2017, all of the world’s fastest 500 supercomputers run Linux-based operating systems.

    PARAM Ganga

    • PARAM Ganga is designed and commissioned by C-DAC under Phase 2 of the build approach of the NSM.
    • It is based on a heterogeneous and hybrid configuration of Intel Xeon Cascade lake processors, and NVIDIA Tesla V100.
    • There are 312 (CPU+GPU+HM) nodes with a total peak computing capacity of 1.67 (CPU+GPU+HM) PFLOPS performance.
    • The cluster consists of compute nodes connected with the Mellanox (HDR) InfiniBand interconnect network.
    • The system uses the Lustre parallel file system and operating system is CentOS 7.x.

    Back2Basics: National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)

    • NSM is a proposed plan by GoI to create a cluster of seventy supercomputers connecting various academic and research institutions across India.
    • In April 2015 the government approved the NSM with a total outlay of Rs.4500 crore for a period of 7 years.
    • The mission was set up to provide the country with supercomputing infrastructure to meet the increasing computational demands of academia, researchers, MSMEs, and startups by creating the capability design, manufacturing, of supercomputers indigenously in India.
    • Currently there are four supercomputers from India in Top 500 list of supercomputers in the world.

    Aims and objectives

    • The target of the mission was set to establish a network of supercomputers ranging from a few Tera Flops (TF) to Hundreds of Tera Flops (TF) and three systems with greater than or equal to 3 Peta Flops (PF) in academic and research institutions of National importance across the country by 2022.
    • This network of Supercomputers envisaging a total of 15-20 PF was approved in 2015 and was later revised to a total of 45 PF (45000 TFs), a jump of 6 times more compute power within the same cost and capable of solving large and complex computational problems.

    When did India initiate its efforts to build supercomputers?

    • India’s supercomputer program was initiated in the late 1980s, when the United States ceased the export of a Cray Supercomputer due to technology embargos.
    • This resulted in India setting up C-DAC in 1988, which in 1991, unveiled the prototype of PARAM 800, benchmarked at 5 Gflops. This supercomputer was the second-fastest in the world at that time.
    • Since June 2018, the USA’s Summit is the fastest supercomputer in the world, taking away this position from China.
    • As of January 2018, Pratyush and Mihir are the fastest supercomputers in India with a maximum speed of Peta Flops.

    What are the phases of the National Supercomputing Mission?

    Phase I:

    • In the first phase of the NSM, parts of the supercomputers are imported and assembled in India.
    • A total of 6 supercomputers are to be installed in this phase.
    • The first supercomputer that was assembled indigenously is called Param Shivay. It was installed in IIT (BHU) located in Varanasi.
    • Similar systems, Param Shakti (IIT Kharagpur) and Param Brahma (IISER, Pune) were also later installed within the country.
    • The rest will be installed at IIT Kanpur, IIT Hyderabad and Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advanced Studies (JNIAS).

    Phase II:

    • The supercomputers that are installed so far are about 60% indigenous.
    • The 11 systems that are going to be installed in the next phase will have processors designed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) and will have a cumulative capacity of 10 petaflops.
    • These new systems are to be constructed more cost-effectively than the previous ones.
    • One of the 11 proposed supercomputers will be installed
    • at C-DAC exclusively for small and medium enterprises so that they can train employees as well as work on supercomputers at a very low cost.

    Phase III:

    • The third phase aims to build fully indigenous supercomputers.
    • The government had also approved a project to develop a cryogenic cooling system that rapidly dispels the heat generated by a computing chip. This will be jointly built together by IIT-Bombay and C-DAC.

     

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  • The Hunt For Our Eklavya Who Can Clear UPSC 2023 Has Begun!|| Mission Eklavya 2023 – India’s Best Scholarship program for UPSC Civil Services|| Register for Free & Stand a Chance to Get 60% off on our UPSC 2023  Smash Foundation Course|| Test on March 13th & 20th, 2022

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  • Women and Politics

    Context

    For a proper appraisal of the relations between gender and democracy, we ought to examine the links between violence, representation, and the political participation of women.

    Role of women in South Asian democracy

    • Historically, one of the peculiar paradoxes of South Asian democracy has been the continued presence of strong women leaders at the executive centre coupled with a generally appalling condition of women in society at large.
    • South Asia has had the largest number of women heads of state — including Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Chandrika Kumaratunga, Indira Gandhi, Khaleda Zia, Sheikh Hasina, and Benazir Bhutto — of any region in the world till recently.
    • Under-represented: While women have played very visible and important roles at the higher echelons of power and at the grassroots level in social movements, they have been under-represented in political parties as officials and as members of key decision-making bodies.

    Electoral representation of women in India

    • In India, women currently make up 14.6 per cent of MPs (78 MPs) in the Lok Sabha, which is a historic high.
    • Although the percentage is modest, it is remarkable because women barely made up 9 per cent of the overall candidates in 2019.
    • In electoral representation, has fallen several places in the Inter-Parliamentary Union’s global ranking of women’s parliamentary presence, from 117 after the 2014 election to 143 as of January 2020. 
    • In terms of electoral quotas, there were two outstanding exceptions in the 2019 general elections.
    • Voluntary parliamentary quota: West Bengal under Mamata Banerjee and Odisha under Naveen Patnaik opted for voluntary parliamentary quotas, fielding 40 per cent and 33 per cent women candidates, respectively.

    Growing turnout of women voters and its implications

    • Assertion of citizenship rights: In 1962, the male voter turnout in India was 16 percentage points higher than for women. Six decades later, in the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, women’s participation exceeded that of men for the first time.
    • This suggests an increasing assertion of citizenship rights among women.
    • The growing turnout of women voters could influence political parties’ programmatic priorities and improve their responsiveness to women voters’ interests, preferences, and concerns, including sexual harassment and gender-based violence.
    • Women-centric schemes: The state government in Bengal ran and highlighted many women-centric schemes that potentially played a central role in their victory.
    • The central government must be commended for its achievements in two areas in particular: Its DBT schemes such as the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana and the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan.
    • As a result, maternal mortality rate has reduced from 167 (2011-13) to 113 (2016-18).
    • The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Bill, 2017 is another landmark achievement that extended the paid maternal leave to 26 weeks from the existing 12 weeks.

    Way forward

    • Government must use its parliamentary majority to finally pass the Women’s Reservation Bill, as was promised in their 2014 election manifesto.
    • Until that happens, the initiative taken by the governments of Banerjee and Patnaik to increase women’s parliamentary presence must serve as an inspiration to other Indian states.

    Conclusion

    The extent to which parties represent women and take up their interests is closely tied to the health and vitality of democratic processes.

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  • 8th March 2022| Daily Answer Writing Enhancement(AWE)

    Topics for Today’s questions:

    GS-1     History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

    GS-2       Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting  India’s interests.

    GS-3        Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology

    GS-4        Attitude: Content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

    Question 1)

     

    Q.1 The Marshall Plan was important in the recovery of the European states from the aftermath of the Second World War. However, it also became a crucial factor in the creation of two Europes i.e. East and West. Discuss.(10 Marks)

     

    Question 2)

    Q.2 Russia’s war in Ukraine is bound to transform the Asian nuclear landscape. Comment.(10 Marks)

    Question 3)

    Q.3 What are the challenges in achieving self-reliance in defence equipment? Also discuss the policy measures by the government in this direction.(10 Marks)

    Question 4)  

    Q.4 For achieving success, attitude is equally, if not more important than ability. Discuss with the help of examples from your daily life.(10 Marks)

     

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    8. We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Staff so that the mentor is notified about your answer.

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  • How invasion of Ukraine could transform nuclear landscape of Asia

    Context

    Russian President Vladimir Putin’s nuclear sabre-rattling in Ukraine, has triggered a far more consequential debate on the importance of atomic weapons in deterring Chinese expansionism.

    Background

    • Ukraine agreed in 1994 to give up the nuclear weapons that it inherited from the Soviet Union in return for guarantees on Kyiv’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
    • Clearly, those legal guarantees were no substitute for nuclear weapons.

    Changing stand on nuclear weapons

    • Debate in Japan: In an important statement last week, the former prime minister of Japan, Shinzo Abe, called for a national debate on hosting American nuclear weapons on Japanese soil.
    • One element of the debate is the fact that nuclear weapons remain the greatest deterrent, especially against a vastly superior adversary.
    • Korea strengthening nuclear deterrence: In South Korea, which is electing its president this week, front-runner Yoon Suk-yeol has talked of strengthening Seoul’s nuclear deterrence against both Pyongyang and Beijing.
    • Taiwan and Australia developing nuclear submarine: Taiwan, is reportedly developing a nuclear-powered submarine that could offer some deterrence against a Chinese invading force.
    • Australia, which is working with the UK and the US to build nuclear-powered submarines, is accelerating the project after the Ukraine invasion.

    Threat of escalation to nuclear war

    • The threat of escalation to the nuclear level was very much in the mind of NATO’s military planners when the alliance refused to be drawn into a firefight with Russia in Ukraine.
    • Moscow is also conscious of the fact that there are two nuclear weapon powers in Europe — Britain and France.
    • Nuclear sharing arrangement: Russia is also aware of the “nuclear sharing” arrangements between the US and some European allies — Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands.
    • Under this framework, European allies host US nuclear weapons on their soil and authorise their armed forces to deliver American nuclear weapons on Russia.
    • Nuclear sharing also involves continuous consultations on nuclear doctrine and the planning of nuclear operations.
    • The US and its allies are also pursuing a “hybrid war” that boosts Ukrainian resistance against Russian armed forces and raises military, economic, and political costs of Moscow’s aggression.

    Threat of China invading Taiwan

    • Taiwan is far more important for Asian (and global) security than Ukraine is for Europe.
    • Taiwan sits at the heart of the Western Pacific and straddles the sea line of communication in the world’s most dynamic economic arena.
    • It is the main source of silicon chips for the world.
    • When China conquers Taiwan it will dramatically transform the geopolitics of Asia.
    • As Putin becomes more dependent on China, Russia is bound to back Xi Jinping’s ambitions in Asia.
    • This is the context in which China’s eastern neighbours are taking a fresh look at the nuclear option.
    • Nuclear sharing arrangement: On the nuclear front, the debate in Japan and South Korea is about potential nuclear sharing arrangements with the US.
    • In Taiwan and Australia, the emphasis is on developing nuclear-powered submarines.
    • Deployment of strategic weapons: The US too is debating the deployment of new strategic weapon systems in Asia that might encourage China to pause before trying to emulate Russia’s Ukraine adventure.

    Consider the question ” Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is going to transform the nuclear landscape of Asia. Comment.”

    Conclusion

    One way or another, Russia’s war in Ukraine is bound to transform the Asian nuclear landscape.

  • Gender equality today for a sustainable tomorrow || International Women’s Day 2022

    Since 2011, the International Women’s Day is observed every year on March 8 to celebrate women’s rights and their social, economic, cultural and political achievements in various spheres. The day also symbolises a focal point in the women’s rights movement, attention to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, violence and abuse against women, and also action for accelerating gender parity. As the United Nations quoted “This International Women’s Day, let’s claim Gender equality today for a sustainable tomorrow”.

    This year our students, and Team Members have shared their messages on this day.

    #Breakthebias.
    Forget all the major things happening around the world and question yourself what are you contributing to it?
    By breaking the stereotypes of gender norms and roles, are we able to look at woman’s gender from the broader stance of her being a being first?


    If we just start looking at gender from a being perspective. This debate of biasness, empowerment would take a backseat and then we will be moving towards a just society beyond compartmentalisation.


    We’ll be able to look at being’s values, virtues, capabilities, hard work beyond any lens of gender identity.


    It doesn’t matter to what gender you belong to, trans/woman/man, all have equal responsibility to empower women they’re surrounded with.


    It has to start at home, build it to the nation, make it worldwide.
    Woman- refers to every individual who identifies herself as being a woman.
    #inclusive


    Varsha Earth
    Mentor Civilsdaily

    6 months of focus and hard work can put you 5 years ahead of life. Never underestimate the power of passion and consistency.

    Shilpa
    CD Team member

    WOMEN. This is our identity which makes us strong.  Like we study many subjects in upsc , we also manage every subject in our lives . Like a plant, since we are born , we grow with so many different branches of emotions , like history we grow up listening to real empowered women and we ourselves want to become that one , like geography and nature , we beautifully embrace our all biological clocks that come with so many emotional and physical challenges . When we become a woman from a girl ,like fearless leaders we want a better growing world with an open mind just like our constitution, ethics.  UPSC journey is not only about subjects or  , we can create a more beautiful world by standing all together not just for a gender but for all just like our selfless mothers, wives , daughters , sisters and many more . For this we need to work hard with a balance just like UPSC teaches us . So to all my fellow aspirants , keep going , just sail through all hardship today , a clear shining sky is waiting tomorrow. 
    Take care . Happy women’s day.

    Shraddha Vyas
    Student UAP 22

    So when the storm comes, instead of fighting the waves, ride them. Ride and awake that undaunting spirit in your heart to fight all the destructive energies which you’ve created in your mind. This negative energy is barely of perishable nature at your mental level. This is not in your heart. This must decay. The pious energy within you shall always be stronger to win in the end. This soulful energy has a permanent nature. This must strengthen. Also, there’s glory in actions. Give your best performance today.
    Live that happy woman in your everyday life!

    Ritika Nigam
    Student Smash Prelims

    Healing the society from sharp moral rupture…..
    She extrapolated a way better picture!
    Marginalized from mainstream,no right to vote…..
    She turned herself into the right antidote!
    They presumed their brilliance she never could tackle……
    They’ve been warming up and she’s at the pinnacle!
    Submitting to customs was a cliched repeat……
    She rose from the ashes defying defeat!
    And guiding mankind from graphite to ink…..
    She plays the character that makes men think!!!

    NEO
    Student Nikaalo Prelims

    The dreams of achieving big,
    The belief of doing great,
    Your way of scaling heights,
    The society has become more proud of you!
    The sacrifices you have made,
    The courage you have shown,
    The achievements you did despite all odds,
    The world has become more Harmonious because of you!
    The delight in your eyes,
    The chantness of joy in the voice,
    The love and faith you have manifested,
    The Earth has become more lively because of you!

    Abhishek
    Student MEP

    Woman being a single word itself is a sum of many words, be it patience, selfless love and care or immense strength. I totally agree with the saying that women are just like those tea bags , one can not realize its strength and potential unless it is poured in hot water. And this has been time and again proved when women were given this hot water like opportunities. So this women’s day i wish  a very happy women’s day to all those women who come forward to fulfill their dreams, who stand against all odds of life, and who dare to raise their voice for their dignity and self respect.

    Kaminee Sinha
    Student Super 25 Prelims

    A sustainable future for the whole world is often looked at as a priority but one important aspect of it is often overlooked and that is ‘equal opportunity for women’. Since many years, owing to the persistent attitude of women in fighting for their place, rights and protection ,has been changing the deeply rooted flawed beliefs of society. It is the responsibility of every individual, nation, and organisation to help bring equality to each and every woman. And to achieve this , apart from institutional frameworks , there is a need for people and a woman herself to recognise and celebrate each and every milestone ,however big or small,  achieved. The world needs women heroes but more importantly, the world needs to celebrate small heroic moves of every woman. This women’s day , lets celebrate the countless heroic moves of every woman in making a place for herself in this world.

    Anonymous 
    Student UAP-2022


    Women’s day line- Role of women has been of immense significance since time immemorial, be it domestic domain or work life, everywhere women have a significant roles to play and the COVID situation has impactfully highlighted the hard work and efforts put in by women counterparts in household work and the work-life balance along with deligently raising children.   we should all work together towards the path of gender equality, leading into the world; in lines of Rabindranath Tagore ” Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high, where knowledge is free and where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic wall” ( here in reference to women fragmentation and domestic walls pertains to old customs beliefs and practices which held back women from progressing and having equal fair chance in various aspects of life).

    Sweety raj 
    Student UAP 2022

    When God created woman he was working late on the 6th day.
    An angel came by and asked, “Why spend so much time on her?”
    The Lord answered, “Have you seen all the specifications I have to meet to shape her?
    She must function in all kinds of situations.
    She must be able to embrace several kids at the same time.
    Have a hug that can heal anything from a bruised knee to a broken heart.
    She must do all this with only two hands.
    She cures herself when sick and can work 18 hours a day.”
    The angel was impressed, “Just two hands…impossible!
    And this is the standard model?” Koi
    The angel came closer and touched the woman.
    “But you have made her so soft, Lord.”
    “She is soft”, said the Lord,
    “But I have made her strong. You can’t imagine what she can endure and overcome.”
    “Can she think?” The angel asked.
    The Lord answered, “Not only can she think, she can reason and negotiate.”
    The angel touched her cheeks.
    “Lord, it seems this creation is leaking! You have put too many burdens on her.”
    “She is not leaking…it is a tear” the Lord corrected the angel.
    “What’s it for?” Asked the angel.
    The Lord said, “Tears are her way of expressing her grief, her doubts, her love, her loneliness, her suffering and her pride.”
    This made a big impression on the angel,
    “Lord, you are a genius. You thought of everything. A woman is indeed marvellous!”
    Lord said, “Indeed she is.
    She has strength that amazes a man.
    She can handle trouble and carry heavy burdens.
    She holds happiness, love and opinions.
    She smiles when she feels like screaming.
    She sings when she feels like crying.
    Cries when happy and laughs when afraid.
    She fights for what she believes in.
    Her love is unconditional.
    Her heart is broken when a next-of-kin or a friend dies but she finds strength to get on with life.”
    The angel asked: “So she is a perfect being?”
    The Lord replied, “No. She has just one drawback…she often forgets what she is worth.”

    *HAPPY* *WOMEN’S* *DAY*

    Manu Rao
    Student Nikaalo Prelims


                                                                      

                                                                           

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