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Physics Nobel Prize for Quantum Tunneling

Why in the News? The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis for their discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit. Discovery of Macroscopic Quantum Effects: Essence of the Discovery: John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis proved that quantum… Continue reading

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Do you think that globalization results in only an aggressive consumer culture ? Justify your answer. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 FLT 09Q19. Religious commodification and spiritual consumerism are emerging trends in India’s globalized economy. Examine how these trends are influencing traditional belief systems and social relationships.Smash 2025 FLT 03Q10. In an interconnected world, the Indian middle class is both a beneficiary and a casualty of globalization. Comment.Smash 2025 FLT 07Q10. Globalization has brought… Continue reading

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[7th October 2025 ] The Hindu Op-ed: Calling out the criticism of the Indian Judiciary

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2023] Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment. Linkage: The article defends judicial independence as the backbone of India’s democracy, arguing that blaming courts for developmental delays undermines their constitutional role as checks on executive excesses. It reinforces that true democracy thrives only when judicial autonomy remains uncompromised. Mentor’s… Continue reading

Why Trump’s proposed stabilization force in Gaza will not find things easy

Introduction With the Gaza conflict entering its third year, US President Donald Trump’s “Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict” , a 20-point roadmap, has reignited global discussion on Palestine’s future. While both Israel and Hamas have agreed to an immediate ceasefire and prisoner exchange, the second, more ambitious part, a long-term peace framework and… Continue reading

The Nobel laurates’ work has redefined the immune system itself

Introduction For decades, the immune system was viewed as a binary apparatus either attacking foreign invaders or remaining silent toward the body’s own cells. This year’s Nobel laureates, Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi, dismantled that simplistic view by uncovering the critical role of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and the FOXP3 gene in maintaining self-tolerance.… Continue reading

[pib] PM-SETU Scheme

Why in the News? PM has launched the Pradhan Mantri Skilling and Employability Transformation through Upgraded ITIs (PM-SETU) Scheme to modernize India’s Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) into industry-aligned centers of excellence. About the PM-SETU Scheme: Overview: Centrally Sponsored Scheme under the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE). Objective: Upgrade 1,000 Government ITIs into modern,… Continue reading

SC to examine Constitutional Validity of Securities Transaction Tax (STT)

Why in the News? The Supreme Court of India has agreed to examine a petition challenging the constitutional validity of the Securities Transaction Tax (STT) imposed under the Finance Act, 2004. Legal Context of this Case: Petitioner: Aseem Juneja – contends that STT violates fundamental and economic rights. Bench: Headed by Justice J.B. Pardiwala; formal… Continue reading

India’s Dhvani Hypersonic Missile

Why in the News? The DRDO is preparing for the maiden test of the “Dhvani” hypersonic missile. About the Dhvani Missile and Its Features Overview: The Dhvani hypersonic missile is being developed by India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as part of its advanced hypersonic weapons programme. Type: It is designed as a Hypersonic… Continue reading

News specie “Chlorophytum vanapushpam” found

Why in the News? Researchers have discovered a new species of perennial herb Chlorophytum vanapushpam from the Vagamon hills of Idukki district, Kerala. About Chlorophytum vanapushpam: Discovery & Location: Newly discovered perennial herb of the Asparagaceae family, identified in Vagamon and Neymakkad hills (Idukki, Kerala) within the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. Name & Meaning: “Vanam”… Continue reading

[6th October 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Treating employment as a national priority

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2022] Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour productivity. Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity Linkage: The article highlights that India needs consistent, job-oriented growth policies focusing on labour-intensive sectors like textiles, tourism,… Continue reading

India’s direction for disaster resilience

Introduction India’s approach to disaster management has entered a new phase, one that focuses not only on response and recovery but equally on risk reduction, preparedness, and resilience. With climate change intensifying heat waves, floods, and landslides, the country’s policy architecture, led by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the National Disaster Management Authority… Continue reading

Why is ADR crucial for India’s courts?

Introduction India’s courts are gasping under the weight of delays. According to the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG), there are 4.57 crore pending cases, with nearly 63 lakh in High Courts and over 80,000 in the Supreme Court. For many citizens, justice delayed has become justice denied. Against this backdrop, the government’s renewed commitment to… Continue reading

Southeast Asia’s Coral Cryobank Initiative

Why in the News? The Philippines is establishing Southeast Asia’s first Coral Larvae Cryobank at the Coral Triangle to preserve and restore coral species using advanced cryogenic techniques. What is the Coral Triangle? Extent: A 5.7 million sq km marine zone covering Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste. Biodiversity: Hosts… Continue reading

Cyclone Shakhti forms over Arabian Sea

Why in the News? The India Meteorological Department (IMD) confirmed the formation of Cyclone Shakthi (named by Sri Lanka) over the northeast Arabian Sea. About Cyclogenesis in the Arabian Sea: Overview: Cyclogenesis is the formation and intensification of tropical cyclones under favourable oceanic and atmospheric conditions. Seasonality: Most active during pre-monsoon (Apr–Jun) and post-monsoon (Oct–Dec)… Continue reading

India’s only Mud Volcano erupts after 20-years in Andamans

Why in the News? India’s only mud volcano at Baratang Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands erupted after remaining dormant for over two decades. Note: The Barren Island has erupted recently. India’s only active lava volcano, located about 140 km from Port Blair. Lies at the junction of the Indian and Burmese tectonic plates.… Continue reading

What are Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)?

Why in the News? Major Indian private sector corporations expressed formal interest in setting up Small Modular Reactor (SMR)-based nuclear projects as part of the ‘Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMR)’ programme. What is the Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMR) Programme? Overview: India’s flagship nuclear programme, led by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and the… Continue reading

[pib] First Commercial Coal Mine in Arunachal Pradesh at Namchik-Namphuk

Why in the News? Arunachal Pradesh has launched its first commercial coal mine at the Namchik-Namphuk coal block in Changlang district. About the Namchik–Namphuk Coal Mine: Overview: Located in Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh, is the state’s first commercial coal mine, situated near the Indo-Myanmar border. Reserves & Quality: Holds ~15 million tonnes of lignite/sub-bituminous coal,… Continue reading

NATO Pipeline System (NPS)

Why in the News? Poland announced its long-awaited entry into the NATO Pipeline System (NPS) — a strategic move coming 25 years after joining NATO. About the NATO Pipeline System (NPS): Origin: 1950s, Cold War-era logistics backbone, upgraded over decades. Purpose: Ensures continuous supply of aviation fuel, diesel, kerosene & lubricants to NATO forces. Scale:… Continue reading

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