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Ice Age-era Dragon Fly rediscovered

Why in the News? Odonatologists have reconfirmed the presence of the elusive dragonfly species Crocothemis erythraea in the southern Western Ghats. About Crocothemis erythraea Dragonfly: Species Type: A rare dragonfly species, usually found in Europe, Asia, and the Himalayas. Recent Finding: Reconfirmed in the Western Ghats, specifically in Kerala and Tamil Nadu high ranges. Comparison:… Continue reading Ice Age-era Dragon Fly rediscovered

Mount Etna Eruption

Why in the News? Mount Etna has erupted again after its recent eruption in June. About Mount Etna: Location: Situated on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, near the city of Catania. Type: Mount Etna is a stratovolcano (also called a composite volcano), which is formed from layers of hardened lava, volcanic ash, and rocks.… Continue reading Mount Etna Eruption

Protecting IHR : Are we doing enough ?

N4S:  This article explores the drying Himalayan springs, linking it to climate change, deforestation, and poor governance. UPSC usually frames such topics through broad yet region-specific questions, like the 2017 question on climate impacts in Himalayan and coastal states. Aspirants often falter by giving generic answers, lacking micro-level insights. Aspirants often rely on generic content… Continue reading Protecting IHR : Are we doing enough ?

[29th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: India’s demographic dividend as a time bomb

Mentor’s Comment India’s celebrated demographic dividend, once viewed as a sure path to prosperity, is at risk of turning into a demographic time bomb. The article highlights how an outdated education system, misaligned curricula, lack of skilling, and the AI-driven disruption are threatening the employability of millions of young Indians. With over 800 million citizens… Continue reading [29th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: India’s demographic dividend as a time bomb

Challenges of Monsoon Variability and Disaster Preparedness

Introduction Heavy rains in August 2025 have wreaked havoc across North India, Himachal Pradesh cut off, Jammu and Kashmir reporting over 40 deaths, Punjab’s farmland submerged, and the Yamuna swelling in the capital. The floods highlight the increasing unpredictability of the southwest monsoon, where rainfall comes in concentrated bursts rather than spread across weeks. Beyond… Continue reading Challenges of Monsoon Variability and Disaster Preparedness

Space Race : Is competition among Indian startups ready for lift-off ?

N4S UPSC often asks questions about India’s space sector by linking technology with governance, economy, and global partnerships (e.g., India’s role in commercial space or policy hurdles). Many aspirants struggle because they focus only on technology and ISRO’s achievements but ignore policy, private sector participation, and global trends. This article bridges that gap by covering… Continue reading Space Race : Is competition among Indian startups ready for lift-off ?

Building health for 1.4 billion Indians

Introduction India’s health care is at a defining juncture, balancing between privilege and universal right. The system must simultaneously expand access for millions who remain underserved while ensuring affordability in an era of rising costs. This requires a systemic framework, strengthening insurance, leveraging efficiency, embedding prevention, accelerating digital health adoption, and ensuring regulatory trust. If… Continue reading Building health for 1.4 billion Indians

[pib] Mahatma Ayyankali (1863–1941)

Why in the News? On his Jayanti (August 28), PM paid tribute to Mahatma Ayyankali. About Mahatma Ayyankali: Birth: August 28, 1863, in Venganoor, Travancore (present-day Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala). Community: Belonged to the Pulayar caste, among the most oppressed and excluded groups. Background: Faced severe caste discrimination despite family owning land; denied access to temples, schools,… Continue reading [pib] Mahatma Ayyankali (1863–1941)

[pib] Nuakhai Festival

Why in the News? PM extended wishes to the Odia-speaking communities on the occasion of Nuakhai. About Nuakhai Festival: Meaning: Derived from “Nua” (new) and “Khai” (food); literally “new food”, marking the first consumption of freshly harvested rice. Region: Celebrated mainly in Western Odisha and also observed in parts of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand by Odia-speaking… Continue reading [pib] Nuakhai Festival

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)

Why in the News? This year marks three decades since the landmark Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, which established the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). About United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED): Event: Also called the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (June 3–14, 1992).… Continue reading United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)

UDISE+ Report, 2025

Why in the News? The latest round of Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) data was released by the Ministry of Education (MoE). About UDISE+ Launch: Introduced in 2018–19 as an upgraded version of UDISE (2012–13). Purpose: Collects and monitors school-level data across India. Coverage: Tracks enrolment, dropout rates, teachers, infrastructure, and gender… Continue reading UDISE+ Report, 2025

Kulasekarapattinam Launch Complex

Why in the News? ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan announced that the upcoming rocket launching site at Kulasekarapattinam (Tamil Nadu) will handle 20–25 satellite launches annually. About Kulasekarapattinam Spaceport: Location: Coastal hamlet near Tiruchendur, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu; inaugurated by PM in February 2024. Second Spaceport: India’s second spaceport after Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota, Andhra… Continue reading Kulasekarapattinam Launch Complex

[28th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Play Based Learning for India’s Future

PYQ Linkage [UPSC 2016] Examine the main provisions of the National Child Policy and throw light on the status of its implementation. Linkage: The National Child Policy envisions ensuring survival, development, protection, and participation of every child. Initiatives like Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi, Aadharshila, and Navchetna operationalise this by transforming Anganwadis into learning hubs and… Continue reading [28th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Play Based Learning for India’s Future

With Sci-Hub gone, will the ‘One Nation, One Subscription’ scheme step up?

Introduction The blocking of Sci-Hub in India marks a turning point in the battle between corporate publishers and the principle of open knowledge. At the heart of the issue lies the paradox of publicly funded research locked behind exorbitant paywalls. The government’s One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) scheme, with an allocation of ₹6,000 crore, aims… Continue reading With Sci-Hub gone, will the ‘One Nation, One Subscription’ scheme step up?

Addiction, Not Play

Introduction Online real-money gaming is no longer an innocent form of entertainment. With mechanics borrowed from gambling, variable rewards, high engagement loops, and rapid gratification, these games are engineered to create dependency. For India’s youth, this shift has manifested in addiction, financial losses, academic decline, and severe mental health crises. The government’s ban may seem… Continue reading Addiction, Not Play

[pib] Exercise ‘BRIGHT STAR 2025’

Why in the News? India is set to participate with over 700 personnel from tri-services for 19th edition of Exercise Bright Star 2025 in Egypt. About Exercise Bright Star: Origin: Began in 1980 as a US–Egypt bilateral drill after the Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Nature: Now one of the largest and longest-running multinational tri-service military exercises… Continue reading [pib] Exercise ‘BRIGHT STAR 2025’

Samudrayaan Mission

Why in the News? Two Indian aquanauts dived over 5,000 m in the Atlantic aboard French vessel Nautile, as part of India’s Samudrayaan Mission. What is Deep Ocean Mission (DOM)? Approved: 2021 by the Union Cabinet, with a budget of ₹4,077 crore for 5 years. Aim: Explore, conserve, and sustainably use deep-ocean resources to support… Continue reading Samudrayaan Mission

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