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New Income Tax Bill, 2025

Why in the News? Parliament has passed the Income-tax Bill, 2025, replacing the 1961 law with a leaner, simpler version free of redundant provisions and archaic language, effective April 1, 2026. About New Income Tax Bill, 2025: Purpose: Replaces the Income Tax Act, 1961 after more than 60 years to simplify the law, remove redundant… Continue reading

1950 Assam Earthquake and Future Seismic Risks in the Himalayas

Why in the News? 75 years ago on August 15, 1950, a magnitude 8.6 earthquake — the strongest recorded on land — struck Northeast India and surrounding regions. About the Earthquake: Magnitude: 8.6, the strongest recorded earthquake on land. Impact Area: Tremors lasted 4–8 minutes, felt over 3 million sq. km in India, Myanmar, Bangladesh,… Continue reading

Orbiting Carbon Observatories (OCO) Program

Why in the News? The Trump administration seeks to end two NASA missions under the Orbiting Carbon Observatories (OCO) program, which monitor global carbon dioxide emissions and plant health. About Orbiting Carbon Observatories (OCO) Program: Overview: A NASA Earth remote sensing initiative dedicated to monitoring atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) from space. Objective: Designed to enhance… Continue reading

UNDP Equator Initiative Prize, 2025

Why in the News? A women farmers’ collective from Karnataka has been recognised among the ten global winners of the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Equator Prize 2025. About UNDP Equator Initiative Award: Overview: Presented under the Equator Initiative of the UNDP. Awarded biennially: To community-led initiatives reducing poverty through biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.… Continue reading

How does satellite internet work?

Why in the News: Elon Musk’s Starlink will soon launch in India, promising high-speed internet access in regions beyond the reach of ground-based networks. This is significant as it can bridge rural-urban gaps, improve disaster resilience, and strengthen defence capabilities. Globally, satellite internet has been a lifeline during Hurricane Harvey and a tactical tool in… Continue reading

Debunking the myth of job creation

Why in the News? The government has recently approved the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme as one of the largest fiscal commitments towards employment generation in recent years. The scale of underemployment in India is striking, over 53% of graduates are working in semi-skilled jobs and 46% of low-skill workers earn less than ₹1 lakh… Continue reading

Detention of non-citizens: Is Proof of Identity a Privilege ?

N4S: “When identity becomes a burden, not a right.” That’s the core message of this article. UPSC often frames questions on such topics through the lens of Fundamental Rights, constitutional morality, or state vs individual debates. For instance, the 2015 question on the right to a clean environment during Diwali used Article 21 to anchor… Continue reading

Removal of High Court Judges

Why in the News? Lok Sabha Speaker has initiated removal proceedings against a Judge of the Allahabad High Court by admitting a motion signed by 146 members and forming a three-member inquiry committee. About Appointment of High Court Judges: Constitutional Basis: Article 217 of the Constitution of India. Appointing Authority: President of India, in consultation… Continue reading

Dhiri Bull Fighting Festival of Goa

Why in the News? Many legislators of the Goa Assembly across party lines demanded the legalisation of Dhiri Bull Fighting in Goa. About Dhiri Bull Fighting: Overview: Goan sport where two bulls lock horns in paddy fields or grounds. Cultural Link: Associated with post-harvest feasts and church celebrations. Nature of Contest: Bulls push until one… Continue reading

[pib] State Health Regulatory Excellence Index (SHRESTH)

Why in the News? The Union Health Ministry has launched the State Health Regulatory Excellence Index (SHRESTH), a first-of-its-kind national framework to benchmark and strengthen state drug regulatory systems. About State Health Regulatory Excellence Index (SHRESTH): Purpose: National initiative by Union Health Ministry to benchmark and strengthen state drug regulatory systems. Developer: Designed by Central… Continue reading

Section 152 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)

Why in the News? The Supreme Court has raised a key question—whether the “potentiality of abuse” of Section 152 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), which punishes acts endangering the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India, could be a ground to declare the provision unconstitutional. About Section 152 BNS: Deals with: Acts endangering sovereignty, unity,… Continue reading

India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)

Why in the News? The Union Cabinet has approved four new projects under the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), adding to the country’s push for a robust semiconductor and display manufacturing ecosystem. About India Semiconductor Mission (ISM): Overview: Launched in 2021; Operates under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Purpose: Develop a sustainable semiconductor… Continue reading

Muon g-2 Experiment

Why in the News? Scientists at Fermilab in the USA have made an ultra-precise measurement of the muon’s magnetic behaviour, a finding that could hint at new physics beyond current laws. Understanding Muon and G-2: Overview: A muon is a subatomic particle like an electron but about 200 times heavier. Behaviour: It has spin, making… Continue reading

What will be the impact of Google antitrust case?

The Google–Competition Commission of India (CCI), anti-trust case is a pivotal moment for India’s digital market regulation. It revolves around allegations that Google abused its dominant position in the Android ecosystem to indulge in anti-competitive practices, especially through mandatory Google Play Billing System (GPBS) usage and bundling of proprietary apps. The matter now rests with… Continue reading

Assuaging concerns: On India and ethanol-blended fuel

Introduction: Ethanol blending with petrol, mixing ethyl alcohol derived from biomass with conventional fuel, began globally in response to the oil shocks of the 1970s, with countries like the U.S. and Brazil leading the way. In India, the push is driven by three key factors: Import substitution to save foreign exchange Price advantage compared to… Continue reading

[pib] MSS+ Technology in Road Construction

Why in the News? The CSIR–Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, has developed MSS+ (Modified Mix Seal Surfacing Plus) technology for eco-friendly, durable, and low-cost road surfacing. About MSS+ Technology: Developer: Council of Scientific & Industrial Research – Central Road Research Institute (CSIR–CRRI), New Delhi. Year of Development: 2021 (in collaboration with J.M.V.D. Industries). Pilot… Continue reading

Third United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDC3)

Why in the News? The 3rd UN Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDC3) in Awaza, Turkmenistan, adopted the Awaza Declaration to boost investment, address challenges, and promote sustainable growth in 32 landlocked nations. About Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs): Overview: 32 UN-recognized countries with no direct access to the sea, collectively home to over 600 million… Continue reading

In news: Dardanelles Strait

Why in the News? The Dardanelles Strait in northwestern Turkey has been temporarily closed to maritime traffic due to forest fires near Canakkale, prompting evacuations and firefighting operations. About Dardanelles Strait: Location: Northwestern Turkey; separates Gallipoli Peninsula (Europe) from Troad/Biga Peninsula (Asia). Connection: Links Aegean Sea → Sea of Marmara → Bosporus → Black Sea.… Continue reading

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