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Subject: Governance

Important aspects of Society

  • PAIMANA Portal

    Why in the News?

    The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has operationalised the PAIMANA portal for mandatory monitoring of Central Sector Infrastructure Projects worth ₹150 crore and above.

    About PAIMANA Portal

    • PAIMANA stands for Project Assessment, Infrastructure Monitoring and Analytics for Nation-building.
    • It is a flagship digital initiative of MoSPI aimed at strengthening monitoring, transparency and data driven governance in infrastructure development.

    Objectives

    • Create a centralised national repository of major infrastructure projects
    • Enable evidence based decision making using analytics
    • Improve data accuracy, operational efficiency and project oversight

    Key Features

    • Centralised Project Monitoring: Single window system for ministries, departments and implementing agencies to upload, track and review project data
    • Real Time Dashboards: Interactive dashboards with drill down options to monitor progress across sectors, states and timelines
    • Advanced Data Analytics: Includes reporting tools, query modules, review cases and identification of data gaps
    • Role Based Access: Different user roles for data entry, validation and monitoring to ensure accountability
    • Integration: Integrated with Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade’s Integrated Project Monitoring Portal (IPMP or IIG PMG) through APIs
    • Coverage: Mandatory monitoring of Central Sector Infrastructure Projects worth ₹150 crore and above
    [2022] In India, what is the role of the Coal Controller’s Organization (CCO)? 

    1. CCO is the major source of Coal Statistics in Government of India

    2. It monitors progress of development of Captive Coal/Lignite blocks

    3. It hears any objection to the Government’s notification relating to acquisition of coal-bearing areas

    4. It ensures that coal mining companies deliver the coal to end users in the prescribed time. 

    Select the correct answer using the code given below: 

    (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 4 only (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 4

  • Jal Shakti Minister interacts with WaSH Warriors

    Why in the News?

    Union Minister of Jal Shakti Shri C.R. Paatil interacted with WaSH Warriors and school students in New Delhi and inaugurated 25 JALAJ Livelihood Centres, highlighting Jan Bhagidari in water conservation and river rejuvenation.

    Key Initiatives Highlighted

    • WaSH Warriors and Jan Bhagidari
      • Grassroots change makers working on Ganga cleanliness, plastic reduction, biodiversity conservation, and water source protection
      • Promote community driven riverbank cleanliness, plantation, and awareness campaigns
      • Strengthen people’s participation in environmental governance
    • Jal Jeevan Mission Impact
      • Participants highlighted benefits of Jal Jeevan Mission
      • Har Ghar Jal improved health, dignity, and quality of life, especially in rural areas
    • JALAJ Livelihood Centres
      • 25 centres inaugurated
      • Joint initiative of National Mission for Clean Ganga and Wildlife Institute of India
      • Linked to Namami Gange Mission
      • Objective is river conservation linked with sustainable livelihoods
      • Special focus on women participation and community ownership
      • Implemented in the Ganga river basin
    • Youth for Ganga Youth for Yamuna
      • Educational outreach by Eco Roots Foundation
      • Engages students and youth in Ganga and Yamuna conservation
      • Expansion planned across Delhi NCR schools
      • Builds emotional, cultural, and environmental connect with rivers

    Role of Institutions

    • National Mission for Clean Ganga acknowledged for improving cleanliness and ecological health of the Ganga
    • Jal Prahari initiative strengthens monitoring and awareness at the community level
    [2016] Which of the following are the key features of ‘National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)? 

    1. River basin is the unit of planning and management

    2. It spearheads the river conservation efforts at the national level

    3. One of the Chief Ministers of the States through which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of NGRBA on rotation basis

    Select the correct answer using the code given below

    (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

  • Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026  

    Why in the News?

    The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change notified the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026 under the Environment Protection Act, 1986, replacing the SWM Rules, 2016. The rules will come into force from April 1, 2026.

    About Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026

    • Focus on Circular Economy, Extended Producer Responsibility, and scientific waste management
    • Strengthen compliance through the Polluter Pays Principle
    • Emphasis on source segregation, decentralised processing, and digital monitoring

    Key Provisions

    • Four stream segregation at source
      • Mandatory segregation into Wet Waste, Dry Waste, Sanitary Waste, and Special Care Waste
      • Wet Waste to be processed through composting or bio methanation
      • Dry Waste to be sent to Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) for recycling
      • Sanitary and Special Care Waste to be collected by authorised agencies
    • Environmental compensation
      • Imposed for non compliance, false reporting, forged documents, or operating without registration
      • Guidelines issued by Central Pollution Control Board
      • Compensation levied by State Pollution Control Boards or Pollution Control Committees
    • Bulk Waste Generators and EBWGR
      • Bulk Waste Generators defined as entities generating 100 kg waste per day, or area above 20,000 sq m, or water use above 40,000 litres per day
      • Includes government offices, PSUs, institutions, commercial establishments, and housing societies
      • Introduction of Extended Bulk Waste Generator Responsibility (EBWGR)
      • Mandatory on site wet waste processing where feasible
      • Bulk generators account for nearly 30 percent of total solid waste
    • Online monitoring and land allocation
      • Creation of a Centralised Online Portal for tracking waste generation, collection, transport, processing, disposal, and legacy waste remediation
      • Online registration, authorisation, and reporting made mandatory
      • Graded buffer zone norms for waste processing facilities above 5 tonnes per day
    • Material Recovery Facilities and local bodies
      • Formal recognition of MRFs for sorting of solid waste
      • Local bodies responsible for collection, segregation, and transportation
      • MRFs may act as collection points for e waste, sanitary waste, and special care waste
      • Local bodies encouraged to generate Carbon Credits
    • Refuse Derived Fuel usage
      • Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) defined as fuel from high calorific non recyclable waste
      • Cement plants and waste to energy plants mandated to use RDF
      • Fuel substitution target raised from 5 percent to 15 percent over six years
    • Landfills and legacy waste
      • Landfilling restricted to inert and non recoverable waste only
      • Higher landfill fees for unsegregated waste
      • Mandatory mapping, biomining, and bioremediation of legacy dumpsites
      • Annual landfill audits by SPCBs with District Collector oversight
    • Hilly areas and islands
      • Levy of User Fees on tourists
      • Regulation of tourist inflow based on waste handling capacity
      • Decentralised wet waste processing by hotels and restaurants
      • Designated collection points for non biodegradable waste
    [2019] As per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 in India, which one of the following statements is correct? 

    (a) Waste generator has to segregate waste into five categories

    (b) The Rules are applicable to notified urban local bodies, notified towns and all industrial townships only

    (c) The Rules provide for exact and elaborate criteria for the identification of sites for landfills and waste processing facilities

    (d) It is mandatory on the part of waste generator that the waste generated in one district cannot be moved to another district.

  • SAARG Committee for NPS Investment Framework

    Why in the News?

    The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority has constituted a Committee of Investment Experts for Strategic Asset Allocation and Risk Governance (SAARG) to review and modernise the National Pension System investment framework.

    What is SAARG?

    • A high level expert committee constituted by PFRDA
    • Mandate: Review, recommend and strengthen the investment architecture of NPS
    • Objective: Support long term retirement wealth creation, diversification, risk management and subscriber choice
    • Tenure: The Committee to submit its report within 9 months to PFRDA

    Core Objectives of SAARG

    • Strengthen NPS investment framework in line with
      • Global pension best practices
      • Indian investment ecosystem
    • Improve Portfolio diversification, Risk governance, Liquidity management and Subscriber outcomes

    Significance

    • Enhances resilience and credibility of NPS
    • Aligns pension investments with
      • Long term demographic needs
      • Global best practices
    • Supports retirement security for a growing subscriber base

    Prelims Pointers

    • SAARG is an expert committee, not a statutory body
    • NPS is regulated by PFRDA, not RBI or SEBI
    • Focus on strategic asset allocation and risk governance
    • Sustainability and climate risk integration included in pension investments
    [2017] Who among the following can join the National Pension System (NPS)? 

    (a) Resident Indian citizens only 

    (b) Persons of age from 21 to 55 only 

    (c) All State Government employees joining the services after the date of notification by the respective State Governments 

    (d) All Central Governments Employees including those of Armed Forces joining the services on or after 1st April, 2004

  • Internet Governance Capacity Building Programme

    Why in the News

    India marked one year of the Internet Governance Internship and Capacity Building Scheme (IGICBS), highlighting its role in preparing young professionals to engage effectively in national and global internet governance forums and represent India’s interests.

    Key Institutions Involved

    • National Internet Exchange of India
    • Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

    About IGICBS

    • A first of its kind capacity building initiative launched in 2024
    • Aims to build human capital in internet governance
    • Targets students and young professionals from Technology, Law, and Public policy.
    • Combines expert led learning, mentorship and internships
    • Bridges policy, technology and academia

    Key Achievements in One Year

    • 10,000 plus participants trained and engaged
    • Creation of a national pipeline of internet governance professionals
    • Strengthened India’s presence in global standards and technical forums
    • Increased youth participation in multi stakeholder internet governance processes

    Strategic Significance

    • Enhances India’s role in global internet governance
    • Supports a secure, inclusive and resilient digital ecosystem
    • Aligns with India’s vision of knowledge led digital governance
    • Builds capacity for engagement in forums such as global internet governance discussions and technical standard bodies

    Prelims Pointers

    • IGICBS is a capacity building and internship programme, not a regulatory body
    • Implemented by NIXI under MeitY
    • Focuses on internet governance, not just coding or IT skills
    • Emphasises youth participation and global engagement
    • Example of soft power through digital leadership
    [2017] In India, it is legally mandatory for which of the following to report on cyber security incidents? 

    1. Service providers 

    2. Data Centres 

    3. Body corporate 

    Select the correct answer using the code given below: 

    (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

  • Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)

    Why in the News?

    Shri Praveen Vashista, IPS (Bihar cadre, 1991 batch), has been appointed as Vigilance Commissioner in the Central Vigilance Commission and took oath on 16 January 2026.

    About Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)

    • Apex integrity and vigilance institution of the Government of India
    • Mandated to promote integrity, transparency and accountability in public administration
    • Prevents corruption in Central Government organisations

    Established in

    • 1964 through an executive resolution of the Government of India
    • Granted statutory status under the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003

    Historical background

    • Originated from recommendations of the Santhanam Committee (1962 to 1964)
    • Initially functioned without statutory backing, limiting enforcement authority
    • Became an independent statutory body in 2003, strengthening supervisory and advisory powers

    Composition and members

    • Central Vigilance Commissioner as Chairperson
    • Up to two Vigilance Commissioners as Members
    • Appointed by the President of India on recommendation of a high level committee
    • Tenure of four years or up to 65 years of age, whichever is earlier

    UPSC Prelims Pointers

    • Statutory body since 2003
    • Superintendence over CBI limited to corruption cases
    • Chairperson and Members appointed by the President
    • Fixed tenure with age limit
    • Nodal authority for whistleblower protection
    [2025] Consider the following statements about Lokpal: 

    I. The power of Lokpal applies to public servants of India, but not to the Indian public servants posted outside India

    II. The Chairperson or a Member shall not be a Member of the Parliament or a Member of the Legislature of any State or Union Territory, and only the Chief Justice of India, whether incumbent or retired, has to be its Chairperson

    III. The Chairperson or a Member shall not be a person of less than forty-five years of age on the date of assuming office

    IV. Lokpal cannot inquire into the allegations of corruption against a sitting Prime Minister of India

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 

    (a) III only (b) II and III (c) I and IV (d) None of the above statements is correct

  • PANKHUDI Portal  

    Why in the News?

    The Union Minister launched PANKHUDI, an integrated digital portal to improve ease of living for women and children by streamlining CSR and voluntary partnerships.

    About PANKHUDI Portal

    • A single window integrated digital platform
    • Facilitates CSR and voluntary contributions for women and child development
    • Enables transparent funding, proposal tracking, and outcome monitoring
    • Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Women and Child Development

    Objectives

    • Strengthen coordination among government, citizens, NRIs, NGOs, and corporates
    • Improve transparency and accountability in social investments
    • Enhance service delivery and outcomes for women and children nationwide

    Key Features

    Unified CSR Interface

    • Single platform for individuals, NRIs, NGOs, corporates, and government agencies
    • Simplifies collaboration with government programmes
    • Priority Focus Areas: Nutrition, Health, Early Childhood Care and Education,Child welfare and protection, Women’s safety and empowerment

    Support to Flagship Missions

    • Digitally strengthens
      • Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0
      • Mission Vatsalya
      • Mission Shakti

    End-to-End Transparency

    • Online registration and proposal submission
    • Digital approvals and real time monitoring
    • Non cash contributions only to ensure traceability

    Scale of Impact

    • Covers more than 14 lakh Anganwadi Centres
    • Around 5,000 Child Care Institutions
    • Nearly 800 One Stop Centres
    • About 500 Shakhi Niwas
    • Around 400 Shakti Sadan

    Significance

    • Reduces procedural friction in government partnerships
    • Enhances monitoring and convergence of welfare schemes
    • Improves measurable impact of CSR and voluntary funding
    • Strengthens digital governance in social sector delivery

    Prelims Pointers

    • PANKHUDI is a CSR facilitation portal
    • Focused on women and child development
    • Operates through non cash contributions
    • Linked with major flagship missions
    [2024] With reference to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) rules in India, consider the following statements: 

    1. CSR rules specify that expenditures that benefit the company directly or its employees will not be considered as CSR activities. 

    2. CSR rules do not specify minimum spending on CSR activities. 

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 

    (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

  • 79th Foundation Day of Bureau of Indian Standards 

    Why in the News?

    The 79th Foundation Day of the Bureau of Indian Standards was celebrated, where the Union Minister highlighted BIS’s transition from a regulatory role to a facilitative and enabling institution, aligned with ease of doing business and promotion of a quality culture.

    Bureau of Indian Standards

    • India’s National Standards Body
    • Responsible for standardisation, certification, hallmarking, and quality assurance
    • Protects consumer interests and enhances global competitiveness of Indian products

    Establishment and Legal Framework

    • Established in 1987
    • Came into force on 1 April 1987
    • Governed by the BIS Act, 2016
    • Headquarters at New Delhi

    Historical Evolution

    • 1947 Indian Standards Institution established
    • 1952 to 1956 ISI Certification Marks Scheme launched
    • 1987 ISI transformed into BIS with expanded mandate
    • 2016 BIS Act strengthened consumer participation and international alignment

    Significance

    • Strengthens quality infrastructure in India
    • Supports Make in India and export competitiveness
    • Promotes consumer safety and trust
    • Aligns Indian standards with global best practices

    Prelims Pointers

    • BIS is India’s national standards authority
    • ISI mark originated before BIS
    • BIS Act 2016 expanded consumer role
    • Hallmarking is mandatory for precious metals
    • Digital standardisation is a recent reform focus
    [2017] Consider the following statements: 

    1. The Standard Mark of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is mandatory for automotive tyres and tubes

    2. AGMARK is a quality Certification Mark issued by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 

    (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

  • Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation launches new logo and mascot

    Why in the news?

    The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has unveiled a new logo and a mascot to modernise its institutional identity and strengthen public outreach, as reported by DD News.

    About MoSPI

    MoSPI is the nodal ministry for official statistics in India. It is responsible for data collection, compilation, analysis, and dissemination to support evidence based policymaking and national development.

    Aim of the initiative

    • Promote the theme Data for Development
    • Make official statistics more accessible, relatable, and trustworthy
    • Enhance public participation in surveys
    • Improve transparency and accuracy in India’s statistical system

    Key features

    New logo

    • Ashoka Chakra symbolising truth, transparency, and good governance
    • Rupee symbol highlighting the role of statistics in economic planning and policymaking
    • Numerical elements and growth bar representing modern data systems and data driven progress
    • Colour palette of saffron, white, green, and deep blue signifying growth, sustainability, stability, and knowledge

    Mascot “सांख्यिकी”

    • Citizen centric character to simplify complex statistical concepts
    • To be used in surveys, awareness campaigns, educational initiatives, digital platforms, and public events

    Significance

    • Builds public confidence in official statistics through consistent and recognisable communication
    • Encourages higher survey participation leading to better data quality
    • Reinforces evidence based policymaking
    • Supports India’s shift towards transparent, data led governance

    Prelims pointers

    • MoSPI is the nodal ministry for official statistics in India
    • New logo and mascot aim to improve public engagement with data
    • Mascot “सांख्यिकी” is designed for citizen outreach and statistical awareness
    [2009] Which one of the following brings out the publication called “Energy Statistics” from time to time? 

    (a) Central Power Research Institute 

    (b) Planning Commission 

    (c) Power Finance Corporation Ltd. 

    (d) Central Statistical Organization

  • NATGRID Linked with NPR 

    Why in the News?

    The National Intelligence Grid has been linked with the National Population Register, enabling real time access to family wise population data for law enforcement and intelligence agencies.

    National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID)

    • Secure and indigenous intelligence sharing platform
       • Conceptualised in 2009 after the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks
       • Became operational in 2024
       • Receives around 45,000 queries per month on average
       • Accessible only to authorised law and security agencies
       • Access expanded to Superintendent of Police rank officers
       • Earlier limited to select central agencies

    Key Agencies with Access

    • Intelligence Bureau
     • Research and Analysis Wing
     • National Investigation Agency
     • Enforcement Directorate
     • Financial Intelligence Unit
     • Narcotics Control Bureau
     • Directorate of Revenue Intelligence

    Prelims Pointers

    • NATGRID is not a law enforcement agency
      • It is a data access and integration platform
      • NPR is different from Census but linked administratively
      • NPR data is family based not biometric centric
      • Gandiva supports facial recognition and analytics
      • NATGRID enhances counter terrorism and organised crime investigation
    Q. With reference to the Government of India, consider the following information: Organization Some of its functions It works under (2025)

    I.Directorate of EnforcementEnforcement of the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018Internal Security Division- I, Ministry of Home Affairs 

    II.Directorate of Revenue IntelligenceEnforces the Provisions of the Customs Act, 1962Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance 

    III.Directorate General of Systems and Data ManagementCarrying out big data analytics to assist tax officers for better policy and nabbing tax evadersDepartment of Revenue, Ministry of Finance 

    In how many of the above rows is the information correctly matched? 

    [A] Only one 

    [B] for Only two 

    [C] All the three 

    [D] None