Subject: GovernorXUnion Territory

Why in the News

The Union Cabinet has decided to establish a bench of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in Ladakh, aimed at improving access to justice in the Union Territory. The decision answers a long-standing demand on judicial access at a point when the agitation in Ladakh is pressing a different set of demands on statehood, Sixth Schedule protection and an empowered legislature.

What is a High Court bench?

1. About: A High Court bench is a permanent sitting of a High Court at a place other than its principal seat, where judges hear cases arising from a defined territory.
2. Purpose: A bench reduces the distance and cost of approaching the higher judiciary for litigants living far from the principal seat, without creating a separate High Court.
3. How it is established: The place of the principal seat and of any other place of sitting is fixed by the President by notification, and the establishment of a bench ordinarily follows a proposal from the State or Union Territory government with the concurrence of the High Court’s Chief Justice and the Union Law Ministry.
4. The court concerned: The Jammu and Kashmir High Court, renamed the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, is the common High Court for the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Union Territory of Ladakh under the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.

What is the Leh Apex Body?

1. About: The Leh Apex Body is the umbrella platform of political, religious and social organisations from Leh district, formed to press Ladakh’s demands for constitutional safeguards.
2. Role: It leads the Ladakh agitation jointly with the Kargil Democratic Alliance and negotiates with the Ministry of Home Affairs.

What is the Kargil Democratic Alliance?

1. About: The Kargil Democratic Alliance is the corresponding umbrella platform of political, religious and social organisations from Kargil district.
2. Role: It negotiates alongside the Leh Apex Body, so the two districts present a single set of demands to the Centre.

What does the decision do?

1. The decision: The Union Cabinet decided to establish a bench of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in Ladakh, announced by the Union Home Minister on 20 August 2026.
2. Stated effect: The bench will enhance access to justice for citizens living in remote areas of Ladakh by reducing the time required to avail the legal services they are entitled to.
3. Framing by the Centre: The announcement reaffirmed the Centre’s commitment to ensuring constitutional safeguards and the all-round development of the region.
4. Response from the Union Territory: The Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh welcomed it as a historic decision and said it would ensure speedy justice and reaffirm commitment to the region’s development.
5. The demand it answers: Officials said the bench is expected to address a long-standing demand for easier and faster access to the higher judiciary for people in Ladakh.

Does a High Court bench answer what the Ladakh agitation is asking for?

1. What the agitation seeks: Local stakeholders are seeking stronger safeguards in four areas: land, employment, culture and political representation.
2. The non-negotiable demands: The Leh Apex Body and the Kargil Democratic Alliance submitted a memorandum listing three non-negotiable demands: financial powers for the proposed elected Ladakh Legislative Assembly, a separate Public Service Commission for jobs in the Union Territory, and unconditional withdrawal of all cases against those affected by the violence of 24 September last year.
3. The gap: A judicial bench addresses the distance to the higher judiciary and does not touch legislative powers, recruitment autonomy or constitutional protection of land and culture.
4. Why the timing matters: The announcement comes against the backdrop of continuing discussions over the political, administrative and constitutional future of Ladakh.
5. What the Centre is offering instead: The Centre is exploring a Union Territory level legislative body under certain provisions of Article 371, rather than the Sixth Schedule extension the agitation has demanded.

What happened in Leh on 24 September last year and what has followed?

1. The incident: Four persons were killed and at least 50 injured in Leh when a protest demanding statehood and extension of Sixth Schedule protections turned violent and police opened fire on protesters.
2. Cases registered: About 87 people were booked following the violence, of whom about nine were chargesheeted.
3. Withdrawal of cases: The Ladakh administration announced that cases against 25 people will be withdrawn, with closure reports to be filed in court in due course.
4. Further review: The Chief Secretary said the Director General of Police has been directed to review the cases of the remaining persons still under investigation, to identify others who did not have an active role.
5. Official characterisation: The Chief Secretary termed the incident a blot on the pages of India’s history.
6. Detention of the activist: Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk, who was on a hunger strike for nearly 35 days in support of Ladakh’s demands, called off his fast, and was booked under the National Security Act, 1980 and lodged in Jodhpur jail for six months.

What is the Article 371 route being explored?

1. The proposal: A Union Territory level legislative body is being envisaged for Ladakh under certain provisions of Article 371.
2. Work in progress: The Ministry of Home Affairs is working with the Law Ministry to prepare a framework for the arrangement.
3. Questions the framework must settle: The framework has to decide how the body will be elected, what powers it will hold and the shape of the executive.
4. Next step: The discussions will be taken further in a formal structured meeting of the sub-committee, expected in the first week of September.
5. The stated horizon: The Chief Secretary said these things will not happen overnight and that a new model will be established for Ladakh.

Challenges to Ladakh’s Demand for Constitutional Safeguards

1. Sixth Schedule applicability: The Sixth Schedule as it stands applies to tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram, so extending it to a Union Territory requires a constitutional amendment. Eg. The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes recommended Sixth Schedule inclusion for Ladakh in 2019, and the recommendation has not been acted upon.
2. Union Territory without a legislature: Ladakh was constituted as a Union Territory without a legislature on 31 October 2019, so all law-making for it rests with Parliament and the administrator. Eg. The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 gave a legislature to the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and none to Ladakh.
3. Employment and recruitment: Without a separate Public Service Commission, recruitment for Ladakh runs through arrangements that local stakeholders say do not reserve posts for residents. Eg. The demand for a dedicated Ladakh Public Service Commission is one of the three non-negotiable demands submitted to the Chief Secretary.
4. Land and demographic protection: Absence of domicile-linked land restrictions is the core anxiety behind the safeguards demand. Eg. Leh and Kargil bodies have sought protection of land and culture alongside political representation in every round of talks.
5. Trust deficit after the firing: Criminal proceedings against protesters continue during the talks, which constrains negotiation. Eg. Of about 87 people booked after the 24 September violence, cases against 25 are being withdrawn and the rest remain under review.
6. Ecological limits on development: Ladakh is a cold desert with acute water stress, so development promises collide with carrying capacity. Eg. Leh town’s groundwater and spring-fed supply has come under strain from tourism growth and construction.
7. Continuity of dialogue: Negotiations depend on periodic meetings without a statutory framework or timeline. Eg. The next round of talks with the Ministry of Home Affairs team is scheduled for the following month, with a sub-committee meeting expected in the first week of September.

Conclusion

The Union Cabinet has cleared a bench of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court for Ladakh, and the Lieutenant Governor has welcomed it as answering a long-standing demand on judicial access. The demands driving the agitation, statehood, Sixth Schedule protection, financial powers for an elected assembly and a separate Public Service Commission, remain unresolved. The Centre is preparing a framework for a Union Territory level legislative body under provisions of Article 371, with the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Law Ministry deciding its election method, powers and executive structure. The next milestone is a formal structured sub-committee meeting expected in the first week of September, ahead of the next round of talks with the Ministry of Home Affairs team.

“[2025, GS2, 10] Discuss the nature of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly after the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019. Briefly describe the powers and functions of the Assembly of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.”