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WHO’s Model List of Essential Medicines (EML)

IOCR | International Relations | Mains Paper 2: Important International Institutions

Why in the News?

Semaglutide, a drug originally developed for type 2 diabetes but also highly effective for weight reduction has been added to the WHO’s Model List of Essential Medicines (EML).

What is Semaglutide?

  • Overview: A GLP-1 receptor agonist drug developed for Type 2 Diabetes, also effective in weight reduction.
  • Mode of Action: Stimulates insulin secretion, lowers blood glucose, slows gastric emptying, and suppresses appetite.
  • Brand Names: Ozempic (diabetes), Wegovy (obesity/weight loss).
  • WHO Recognition (2025): Added to the 24th EML, highlighting its dual role in diabetes and obesity management.
  • Significance: Its inclusion pressures health systems to expand access and make it more affordable worldwide.
  • Relevance for India: With 100+ million diabetics (2nd highest globally) and a rising obesity burden, Semaglutide could be a public health game-changer if affordability improves.

About WHO’s Model List of Essential Medicines (EML):

  • What is it: A global reference by WHO listing the most effective, safe, and essential medicines for priority healthcare needs.
  • History: First introduced in 1977 to improve access in developing countries; updated every 2 years by a WHO Expert Committee.
  • Structure:
    • Core list: Basic medicines usable with limited infrastructure.
    • Complementary list:  Need specialised training, facilities, or are costlier.
  • Global Impact: Over 150 countries use EML to build national lists for procurement, reimbursement, and universal health coverage (UHC).
  • Selection Criteria:
    • Public health relevance.
    • Proven efficacy and safety.
    • Cost-effectiveness compared to alternatives.
    • Quality, stability, and reliable formulations.
    • Preference for single-compound formulations unless combinations are better.
[UPSC 2024] In which of the following are hydrogels used?

1. Controlled drug delivery in patients 2. Mobile air-conditioning systems 3. Preparation of industrial lubricants

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Options: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3*

 

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