Why in the news?

On the eve of the 350th Martyrdom Day of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, the President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu paid tribute to the ninth Sikh Guru, highlighting his supreme sacrifice for the protection of righteousness, humanity and freedom of faith.

Who was Guru Tegh Bahadur?  

• Ninth Guru of Sikhism (1621–1675).

• Youngest son of Guru Hargobind Sahib, the sixth Guru.

• Known as “Hind di Chadar” (Shield of India) for defending religious freedom.

• Key teachings recorded in the Guru Granth Sahib, including hymns on detachment, courage, and equality.

Why is His Martyrdom Significant?

• Guru Tegh Bahadur opposed forced conversions under Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
• He defended the rights of Kashmiri Pandits, who sought his protection.
• Arrested and executed in Chandni Chowk, Delhi, on 24 November 1675.
• His martyrdom represents:
  • Protection of freedom of conscience
  • Defence of pluralism and interfaith harmony
  • Upholding justice and truth

President of India’s 2025 Message: Key Highlights

• Tribute to his valour, sacrifice, and principles.
• Emphasised his role in preserving: Righteousness, Humanity, Truth.
• Called upon citizens to imbibe his values to strengthen harmony and unity in India.

Guru Tegh Bahadur’s Contributions  

• Spiritual Teachings: Advocated nirbhau (fearlessness) and nirvair (compassion). Stressed spiritual liberation through humility and service.
• Establishment of Sikh Centres: Founded the city of Anandpur Sahib (1665). Travelled widely across the Indian subcontinent, spreading Sikh philosophy.
• Guru Granth Sahib Contribution: Composed 116 hymns, including shaloks on detachment and moral courage.

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