Why in the News?
A recent policy focused analysis highlighted sodium ion battery technology as a strategic alternative for India to reduce dependence on lithium ion batteries, strengthen energy security and address critical mineral supply risks.
Background
- Batteries are central to EVs, renewable energy storage and digital devices
- Lithium ion batteries currently dominate due to high energy density and long cycle life
- India faces high import dependence for lithium, cobalt and nickel
India’s Current Battery Push
- Advanced Chemistry Cell manufacturing supported under PLI scheme
- About 40 GWh capacity allocated, but limited domestic upstream ecosystem
- Heavy reliance on imported raw materials and components
What are Sodium Ion Batteries
- Batteries that use sodium instead of lithium as the charge carrier
- Sodium is abundant and widely available
- Compatible with existing lithium ion manufacturing lines with minor changes
Performance Comparison
- Lower energy density than lithium ion batteries
- Suitable for grid storage, two wheelers and stationary applications
Global Status
- Around 70 GWh sodium ion capacity operational globally in 2025
- Expected to reach nearly 400 GWh by 2030
| [2025] In the context of electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements:
I. Cobalt II. Graphite III. Lithium IV. Nickel How many of the above usually make up battery cathodes? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All the four |
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