There is a concern over the increase in harmful algal blooms in the seawater of India. What could be the causative factors for this phenomenon

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates. Algal blooms are caused by a major influx of nutrient-rich runoff into a water body, programs to treat wastewater, reduce the overuse of fertilizers in agriculture and reducing the bulk flow of runoff can be effective for reducing severe algal blooms at river mouths, estuaries, and the ocean directly in front of the river’s mouth. Statement 2 is correct: Monsoon and Climate Change might affect rainfall patterns, leading to alternating periods of drought and intense storms. This can cause more nutrient runoff into water bodies, feeding more algal blooms. Statement 3 is correct: The process by which winds push surface water offshore and deep water moves towards the coast, bringing nutrients from the ocean floor to the surface is Coastal upwelling. Climate change is expected to alter the timing and intensity of coastal upwelling. Along the East and west coast of India, excess nutrients delivered by upwelling might lead to more algal blooms.