India is 4th most Equal Society: World Bank

Why in the News? As of 2025, India ranks as the world’s fourth most equal country in terms of income distribution, according to the World Bank’s Spring 2025 Poverty and Equity Brief. About the World Bank’s Spring 2025 Poverty and Equity Brief: What It Is: The Poverty and Equity Brief is a biannual publication by… Continue reading

In news: Seine River

Why in the News? French authorities have opened up the Seine River to public swimming for the very first time since 1923. About the Seine River: Overview: it is a major waterway in northern France, flowing through some of the country’s most important cultural and economic regions. Length and Rank: It is approximately 777 km(483… Continue reading

‘3 by 35’ Initiative by WHO

Why in the News? The World Health Organisation (WHO) has launched the “3 by 35” initiative, urging countries to raise taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and sugary drinks by at least 50% by 2035 to fight rising chronic diseases. About the ‘3 by 35’ Initiative: Launch and Objective: The ‘3 by 35’ initiative was launched by… Continue reading

Conflict in Middle East: As world watches oil, why India must watch its fertiliser supply

Why in the News? The Iran-Israel conflict has drawn global attention for its impact on oil prices, but a less visible and equally serious issue is emerging in fertiliser supply, which poses a significant risk to farming and food security in India. What are the fertiliser security risks for India amid geopolitical conflicts? Disruption of… Continue reading

WTO Agreement on Safeguards (AoS)

Why in the News? Invoking the Agreement on Safeguards (AoS), India has notified the WTO of its plan to impose $724 million in retaliatory tariffs on the U.S. for breaching trade commitments through unilateral auto import duties. What is the Agreement on Safeguards (AoS)? Overview: It is a World Trade Organization (WTO) treaty that allows… Continue reading

CJI assures ‘complete transparency’ in Collegium System

Why in the News? Recently, CJI B.R. Gavai affirmed that the collegium system will ensure merit, transparency, and inclusive representation, and will not be swayed by external pressures. What is the Collegium System? About: The Collegium System is the process by which judges are appointed and transferred in the Supreme Court and High Courts of… Continue reading

Oil Exploration in the Andaman Basin

Why in the News? The Union Minister for Petroleum has revealed that India is on the brink of a Guyana-like oil discovery in the Andaman Sea Do you know? Guyana, now a major oil-producing nation, has seen 47% average real GDP growth since 2022, driven by offshore oil. About the Oil Exploration in Andaman… Continue reading

[pib] SAKSHAM-3000

Why in the News? The Ministry of Communications has launched SAKSHAM-3000, a 25.6 Tbps indigenous switch-cum-router, to boost India’s data, cloud, and telecom infrastructure, marking a major leap in advanced networking technology. What is SAKSHAM-3000? Overview: It is a high-speed switch-cum-router developed by the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) to strengthen India’s digital infrastructure.… Continue reading

Who are the Girmitiyas?

Why in the News? PM Narendra Modi, while speaking in Trinidad and Tobago, paid tribute to the Girmitiyas—19th-century indentured Indian labourers who helped shape Indo-Caribbean culture. About Girmitiyas: Overview: The word “Girmitiya” comes from “agreement,” which was pronounced as “girmit” by Indian labourers who signed contracts to work abroad. Origin of the Labourers: Most Girmitiyas… Continue reading

National Sports Policy, 2025

Why in the News? The Union Cabinet recently approved the National Sports Policy, 2025. About the National Sports Policy, 2025: It is a comprehensive policy approved by the Union Cabinet to transform India into a leading sporting nation. It replaces the earlier 2001 policy and aligns with the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047 and the… Continue reading

[4th July 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Socialism, Secularism are the spirit of the Constitution

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2024] Discuss India as a secular state and compare with the secular principles of the US Constitution. Linkage: This question directly addresses India’s secular character. The article explicitly defines Indian secularism not as “mere religious neutrality but the positive assurance that the state will treat all religions equally, protect the rights of… Continue reading

Careful curation: On Bihar’s Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls

Why in the News? The Election Commission of India (ECI) is currently carrying out a Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of the voter list in Bihar. This has caused political and social concerns because the ECI is focusing only on verifying “ordinary residents” and has given a very short deadline ending on July 31 for this… Continue reading

170th Anniversary of Santhal Revolt

Why in the News? Jharkhand on observed ‘Hul’ Diwas to commemorate the rebellion’s 170th anniversary of Santhal Revolt which was held on June 30, 1855. About the Santhal Revolt: Overview: The Santhal Hul (Revolt) began on June 30, 1855, in present-day Jharkhand, and is observed annually as Hul Diwas. The ‘Hul’: It means revolution, symbolising… Continue reading

Child Adoption in India

Why in the News? In a major step toward digital adoption reform, Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) has confirmed that digitally certified adoption orders sent by e-mail are now legally valid under current rules. Child Adoption in India: Legal Framework and Process Adoption in India is governed by multiple laws, depending on the religion and… Continue reading

Species in news: Garcinia kusumae

Why in the News? Researchers in Assam have discovered a new tree species, Garcinia kusumae, locally called thoikora, adding to the Garcinia genus in a notable botanical find. About Garcinia kusumae: Species Identity: Garcinia kusumae is a newly discovered evergreen tree species that is endemic to Assam, India. Genus and Local Name: It belongs to… Continue reading

Biomarkers of Healthy Aging, Resilience, Adversity, and Transitions (BHARAT)

Why in the News? IISc Bengaluru has launched BHARAT (Biomarkers of Healthy Aging, Resilience, Adversity, and Transitions), a pioneering study exploring the biology, lifestyle, and environment behind Aging. About the BHARAT Project: Scientific Launch: It is a nationwide research initiative by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru. Primary Goal: It aims to build India’s… Continue reading

Endocrine Disruptors in Plastic Waste

Why in the News? Microplastics and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are infiltrating the human body, affecting everything from reproduction to cancer risk, metabolism, and child development. About Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: What They Are: Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals interfere with the body’s hormone system, affecting growth, reproduction, mood, and metabolism. How They Work: They mimic or block natural hormones like… Continue reading

[3rd July 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Rephasing global development finance

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2014] Some of the International funding agencies have special terms for economic participation stipulating a substantial component of the aid to be used for sourcing equipment from the leading countries. Discuss on merits of such terms and if, there exists a strong case not to accept such conditions in the Indian context.… Continue reading

Under fire: The state must enforce compliance of regulations in the fireworks industry

Why in the News? A tragic pattern keeps repeating in Tamil Nadu’s firecracker industry, especially in Virudhunagar district, where frequent explosions continue to injure and kill workers. In the first half of 2025 alone, eight accidents have taken 26 lives—adding to a steady trend of 52 deaths in 2024 and 79 in 2023. What causes… Continue reading

Custodial deaths: police convictions remain zero in T.N. and beyond

Why in the News? The custodial death of Ajith Kumar in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu, has once again sparked widespread anger across the country over police brutality and the lack of accountability in such cases. Note: Custodial death refers to the death of a person while in police or judicial custody, due to torture,… Continue reading

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