As per Ramsar Convention, wetlands are defined as “areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres”.
Ramsar Concept of Wise Use
It refers to the maintenance of ecological character of wetlands through sustainable use, ensuring that benefits derived from wetlands do not lead to long-term degradation.
Recently, India’s resolution on the ‘‘Promoting Sustainable Lifestyles for the Wise Use of Wetlands’’ was adopted at the 15th COP15 to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
Key Elements of Wise Use
Maintaining Ecological Character – Conservation of hydrology, biodiversity, water quality, and ecosystem services. Eg – Preventing encroachment and regulating land-use.
Integrated Management Approach – Eg – Wetland Management Committees under Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017.
Avoiding Degradation – Ensuring human activities do not cause pollution, over-extraction, or habitat loss. Eg – Restricting construction and waste discharge around wetlands.
Sustainable Livelihoods – Supporting communities dependent on wetlands while ensuring ecological health. Eg – regulated fisheries in Ramsar sites.
Examples of Ramsar Sites in India
India has 94 Ramsar Sites (highest in Tamil Nadu)
Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan)
A UNESCO World Heritage Site
Important for migratory birds like Siberian cranes; supports floodwater-based wetland ecology.
Chilika Lake (Odisha)
Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon
Known for Irrawaddy dolphins, rich fisheries, and large wintering bird populations.
Wetlands are critical natural infrastructure and the Ramsar principle of wise use ensures that development and conservation are balanced.