What are Large Language Models (LLMs)?

• LLMs are computer programs that can read, understand, and write language like humans. They can answer questions, explain topics, write stories, translate languages, and more.
• Why are they called “large”?
  • They are trained using a huge amount of text from books, websites, newspapers, etc.
  • They also have billions of settings (called parameters) that help them understand words and sentences better.
• How do they work?
  • LLMs break your sentence into small parts (called tokens).
  • They guess the next word in the sentence, one by one, using what they’ve learned.
  • This is how they create full and meaningful answers.
• How are they trained?

1. 1. Step 1 – Pre-training: The LLM reads lots of text and learns how language works.
   2. Step 2 – Fine-tuning: It is then taught how to do specific tasks like summarising or translating.
   3. Step 3 – Human Help: People check the answers and give feedback, so the LLM learns to give better responses.

• How do LLMs understand language so well? They use a special model called a transformer, which has tools to:
  • Focus on important words in a sentence (self-attention).
  • Understand the order of words (positional encoding).
  • Learn patterns and meaning using neural networks (like a brain made of computer code).

(1) Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units (2) Create meaningful short stories and songs (3) Disease diagnosis (4) Text-to-Speech Conversion (5) Wireless transmission of electrical energy Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Options: (a) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only* (c) 2, 4 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5