Why in the News?
- Leak of Tamil film Jana Nayagan before release has highlighted stricter anti-piracy provisions under the amended Cinematograph Act, 1952.
About Cinematograph Act, 1952
What it is
- Primary law governing:
- Film certification
- Public exhibition of films in India
- Established: Central Board of Film Certification
Objectives
- Ensure films adhere to: Public order, Decency, and Morality
- Provide age-based classification
- Prevent film piracy
Certification Categories
- U (Universal): Suitable for all
- UA (Parental Guidance): UA 7+, UA 13+, and UA 16+
- A (Adults Only): 18+
- S (Specialised): Restricted to specific groups (e.g., doctors)
Key Features (2023 Amendments)
1. Strong Anti-Piracy Provisions
- Prohibits:
- Unauthorized recording in theatres
- Unauthorized exhibition of pirated content
- Even attempt to record is punishable
2. Severe Penalties
- Imprisonment: 3 months to 3 years
- Fine: ₹3 lakh to 5% of production cost
3. Perpetual Validity
- Film certificates now: Valid indefinitely
- Earlier: Valid for 10 years
4. Refined UA Classification
- Sub-categories introduced: Better age guidance for parents
5. Removal of Govt Revisional Power
- Central Government can no longer:
- Overrule CBFC decisions
- Strengthens CBFC autonomy
6. Certification for Other Media
- Films rated: A or S
- Cannot be shown on TV unless:
- Re-certified with modifications
7. Fair Use Provision
- Allows limited use under: Copyright Act, 1957
- For: Education, Criticism, and Reporting
| [2025] With reference to India, consider the following pairs: Organization: Union Ministry 1. The National Automotive Board: Ministry of Commerce and Industry 2. The Coir Board: Ministry of Heavy Industries 3. The National Centre for Trade Information: Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? [A] Only one [B] Only two [C] All the three [D] None |
