Why in the News?
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has released the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2025.
About the Global Innovation Index (GII):
- Overview: Annual ranking of 139 economies by their innovation capacity and success.
- Publishers: Jointly by Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
- Origin: First published in 2007.
- Indicators: Uses 80+ metrics across 7 pillars.
- Structure:
- Innovation Input Sub-Index: Institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, business sophistication.
- Innovation Output Sub-Index: Knowledge and technology outputs, creative outputs.
- Purpose: Helps governments evaluate how effectively R&D, education, and infrastructure are translated into innovation outcomes.
Key Highlights of GII 2025:
- Global R&D growth: Slowed to 2.9% (2024) and 2.3% (2025 projection), down from 4.4% earlier; lowest since the 2010 financial crisis.
- Top Performers: Switzerland (1st), Sweden (2nd), United States (3rd), followed by Republic of Korea, Singapore, United Kingdom, Finland, Netherlands, Denmark, and China (10th).
- China: Surpassed Switzerland in knowledge and technology outputs; 2nd highest in R&D expenditure; world leader in patent filings.
- Regional Trends: Europe dominates with 15 of top 25 economies; Southeast, East Asia and Oceania (SEAO) region has 6 economies in top 25.
- India: Ranked 38th globally with a score of ~40.5; top among lower-middle income countries and in Central & Southern Asia.
- Strengths: Knowledge and technology outputs (22nd), market sophistication, and human capital and research.
- Weaknesses: Business sophistication, infrastructure, and institutions remain lagging.
| [UPSC 2019] The Global Competitiveness Report is published by the:
Options: (a) International Monetary Fund (b) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (c) World Economic Forum * (d) World Bank |
