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Parliament – Sessions, Procedures, Motions, Committees etc

Types of Majorities in Parliament

23 September 2023 | Prelims Only | Polity

Mains GS2: GS2-01. Indian Constitution-Historical underpinnings & evolution; Features, amendments, significant provisions, basic structure of Constitution

Central Idea

In a very rare event, the Parliament passed the women’s reservation bill with a near-unanimous 2/3^rd Majority Votes.
Rajya Sabha gave the green light in an absolute majority vote.
In Lok Sabha, 454 members voted in favour of the bill that seeks to reserve one-third of seats to women in central and state legislatures.

Types of Majority in Indian Parliament

	Description	Examples of Use
Absolute Majority	More than 50% of the total membership of the house.	Formation of government at the Center and States.
Effective Majority	More than 50% of the effective strength of the house (total strength minus vacancies).	Removal of Vice-president in RS, Speaker/Deputy Speaker removal.
Simple Majority	More than 50% of the members present and voting.	Passing Ordinary/Money/Financial bills, Confidence Motion, etc.
Special Majority	All majorities other than absolute, effective, or simple majority.	Constitutional amendment bills, National emergency approval, etc.
Types of Special Majority in Parliament
Article 249	2/3rd members present and voting.	Empowering Parliament to make laws in the state list.
Article 368	2/3rd members present and voting + more than 50% of the total strength of the house.	Constitutional amendment bills not affecting federalism.
Article 368 + State Ratification	2/3rd members present and voting + more than 50% of state legislatures by a simple majority.	Constitutional amendment bills affecting federalism.
Article 61	2/3rd members of the total strength of the house.	Impeachment of the Indian President.

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