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  • Super-25: 90 days Strategic Study Plan for 25 Chosen Students Appearing in Prelims 2022 ||Aim Everyday for 100+ in Prelims with 2 Veteran UPSC Mentors Giving You 1-1 Guidance|| Popular Prelims Program with 70% Success Rate,Over 100 Tests, Weekly Value Added Notes, 1.5 years of Current Affairs Coverage through Live Classes

    Smash Prelims Super-25 Program is back after a thumping success in Prelims 2021. Out of 25 students Santosh sir has mentored, 15 have cleared prelims this time. Our students were kind enough to take time out of their hectic Mains preparation and let us know how Santosh sir’s mentorship benefitted them in the exams. We wish them all the very best for the upcoming Mains exam from 7th January onwards!

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 50f70a4d-c239-44a5-b49b-9b93617a378f-461x1024.jpg
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    Why Your Focus for Next 3 Months Must be About Scoring Above Cut-Off Marks in UPSC-CSE Prelims? Isn’t the last 1 Month Enough for This?

    Every year, the competition for UPSC-CSE is increasing while vacancies are decreasing drastically. This year there are only 712 vacancies as against 2019 which had 927 vacancies. However, atleast 10 lakh students will attempt the prelims exam. This is why right now, it’s important to start having an Olympic Athlete mindset. You need to daily focus on scoring above the cut-off marks in your test series.

    Civilsdaily Student and 2019 UPSC-CSE AIR 8 Topper Abhishek Saraf had practiced nearly 6000+ MCQs under us to clear prelims!

    What makes prelims tough? It’s because the paper is unpredictable. If this year, science questions are a breeze then the next year you will have to answer advanced concept-based questions. Unlike Mains, Prelims has negative markings.

    Toppers like Pranav Vijayvergiya (AIR 65) and Swati Sharma (AIR 17) have found Prelims to be tougher than Mains. In fact, Pranav failed to clear Prelims thrice. But, in his fourth attempt he took Civilsdaily mentorship and cleared Prelims, Mains and Interview in one shot!

    Are you feeling low that you are unable to get the required cut-off marks in your test series. Worry not, for about 65% of the UPSC toppers have said that they scored below cut-off marks till December. But by June, they were able to boost their marks to get through the prelims hurdle. It’s time to be like them now.

    One has to be good at elimination methods to choose the right option amongst two similar ones. Our Smash Prelims Super-25 Program started as a pilot project last year with an aim to introduce step-wise improvement in our chosen 25 aspirants. Over a period of 2 months, Santhosh sir inculcated confidence in aspirants who were either newbies or gave too many attempts. This year, we achieved a remarkable 60% success ratio. Next year, we have set our eyes on 100%. Yes, we are ambitious and aspirational just like any other UPSC aspirant.

    How will Super-25 Program be structured?

    We have neither diluted the criteria for selecting aspirants nor the core strategy. Infact, this year Super-25 will be a more effective version of last year. 

    Four Pillars of Super- 25 Program

    1. It is mentorship led test series and value addition program over 90 days. 
    1. Two-Tier Mentorship: You will have one dedicated mentor during the entire journey, while Santosh Gupta sir will be strategic mentor. Santosh sir will take strategic mentoring calls twice in a week. It would ensure that you do not fall back at any cost and benefit from the experience of two mentors who have cleared the exam 6 times. We will ensure that you achieve not your weekly targets but the target of clearing prelims. 
    1. Number of tests: 60 practice tests (50 questions) + 40 Full length tests ( 12 Basic + 6 advanced + 10 Current affairs test + 8 FLTs+ 4 CSATs) . It means everyday you can give a test. With this, we will ensure that you revise your syllabus 3 times in three months at least. 
    1. Current affairs: Entire Current affairs of 1.5 years ( Jan 2021 – April 2022) will be covered by Core faculty, comprising of Santosh sir, Sajal sir, Sudhanshu sir, Birendra sir and Sukanya Ma’am. You will learn how to link current affairs with static topics on the go.
    1. Strategic Value Addition Sessions: They say that a woodcutter sharpens his axe for 8 hours to cut 1 tree. This is the most popular session aroun taken by Santosh Gupta sir to enrich your knowledge base and analytical ability. 

    Approach of Super-25

    1. Keyword approach to revise syllabus of 1 subject in 2-3 hours.

    2. Focus on FCE approach ( Factual, Conceptual and Elimination ) to enhance your score.

    3. Critical gap filling sessions and notes, learning to link static with current affairs and vice versa.

    4. Evidence based questions to ensure 360 degree testing.

    5. Weekly monitoring of targets by dedicated mentor and your strategic mentor Santosh Gupta.  

    How Super- 25 will help you

    1. Setting a clear strategy for the next 90 days to get 120+ score in Prelims.

    2. Revising the whole syllabus in an effective manner.

    2. Filling critical gaps in preparation.

    4. Practice tests to enhance your chances of qualifying prelims.

    5. Covering the entire current affairs from a prelims perspective.

    Who can be part of Super-25?

    1. Only those who are struck in the range of 80-90 marks in last 2-3 attempts and are desperate to write mains.

    2. Those who have given prelims at least once.

    3. Those willing to give 100% or nothing less. 

    There are no secrets to success, it is a result of preparation, hard work and learning from failure. Are you willing to learn from failures? Let’s start together. 

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-29-at-10.19.42-1024x364.jpeg
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    Self Preparation with Mentorship: What do Civilsdaily Students think of Santosh Sir’s Mentorship for UPSC-CSE Prelims?

    Santhosh Sir, Core Civilsdaily Mentor. He has attended Interview Thrice & Cleared Prelims 6/6 times with above 145 marks.

    We asked Santosh sir’s students about their opinion on mentorship — if it was something that saved their time or wasted their time in studies and this is what they had to say:

    Kamini: “If I can say in one word, then Santosh sir’s mentorship is unique. Before I joined his program, I used to score 90 marks in Full Length Test Series. Santhosh sir had done in depth analysis of my test papers and suggested ways to reduce the negatives. Right now I am able to score 100+ in advanced test series of not only Civilsdaily but other institutes. He is always available to clear my doubts and solve my issues on call or phone. No issue is too big enough for Santosh sir. He has always told me after you finish a test series, read the same topics again and take another test series the same day to see if your marks improve. From Santosh sir’s polity and economic survey notes, we got questions in 2021 Prelims. I always feel its better to do self studies with mentorship than join coaching institutes and get spoon fed with information.”

    Sweetie Raj: “I am a banking professional, living with a joint family. Attending coaching classes is out of question because I won’t have time to read the books myself. Santosh sir helps me self-study by providing me mentorship daily. I study daily from 9PM to 3AM. Santosh sir has been available for 1 hour strategy calls even during this time. No other teacher would have wanted me to succeed as much as he wants me to. I can understand concepts by myself and don’t need help in that. I want someone who pushes me to complete the target modules, checks if I did my mains answer writing for the day and analyses the previous year question papers with me. Because of Santosh sir, I understood that its just not enough reading one book but at the same time I dont have to waste time reading many books. He tells me the topic-wise sources to refer. Also he has designed a study plan for me that I can follow every week. Once, I told Santhosh sir I was missing test series discussion classes as it was conducted at 7PM. Immediately, he provided me recorded videos and kept the session at 8.30PM.”

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 1ecb6d73-e5c0-4eb5-8250-6edb1b3a20b7-461x1024.jpg

    Samples From Smash Super-25 Program

    Sample 1-on-1 Mentorship for Smash Prelims
    Sample 1-on-1 Test Discussion on Google Meet
    Sample Notes
    Sample Test Series
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    Sample classes on CSAT & Topic Wise Analysis
    https://youtu.be/OcGSeXe31ek
    Sample Notes & Handout Material
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Collage.jpg

    Toppers’ Speak: How Civilsdaily Mentorship Helped Me Clear UPSC?

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSwO38weHAA

    About Santosh Gupta Sir

    Santosh sir has scored above 140 twice in UPSC prelims and 120 plus in all 6 attempts. He has written all 6 mains and has appeared for Interviews 3 times. He has qualified UPSC EPFO and BPSC 56-59th also. As the Prelims coordinator at Civilsdaily, he has helped 15 out of 25 students clear the prelims examination this year.

  • Super-25: 90 days Strategic Study Plan for 25 Chosen Students Appearing in Prelims 2022 ||Aim Everyday for 100+ in Prelims with 2 Veteran UPSC Mentors Giving You 1-1 Guidance|| Popular Prelims Program with 70% Success Rate,Over 100 Tests, Weekly Value Added Notes, 1.5 years of Current Affairs Coverage through Live Classes

    Smash Prelims Super-25 Program is back after a thumping success in Prelims 2021. Out of 25 students Santosh sir has mentored, 15 have cleared prelims this time. Our students were kind enough to take time out of their hectic Mains preparation and let us know how Santosh sir’s mentorship benefitted them in the exams. We wish them all the very best for the upcoming Mains exam from 7th January onwards!

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 50f70a4d-c239-44a5-b49b-9b93617a378f-461x1024.jpg
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is IMG-20211029-WA0019-461x1024.jpg
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is IMG-20211029-WA0018-461x1024.jpg
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is IMG-20211029-WA0016-461x1024.jpg

    Why Your Focus for Next 3 Months Must be About Scoring Above Cut-Off Marks in UPSC-CSE Prelims? Isn’t the last 1 Month Enough for This?

    Every year, the competition for UPSC-CSE is increasing while vacancies are decreasing drastically. This year there are only 712 vacancies as against 2019 which had 927 vacancies. However, atleast 10 lakh students will attempt the prelims exam. This is why right now, it’s important to start having an Olympic Athlete mindset. You need to daily focus on scoring above the cut-off marks in your test series.

    Civilsdaily Student and 2019 UPSC-CSE AIR 8 Topper Abhishek Saraf had practiced nearly 6000+ MCQs under us to clear prelims!

    What makes prelims tough? It’s because the paper is unpredictable. If this year, science questions are a breeze then the next year you will have to answer advanced concept-based questions. Unlike Mains, Prelims has negative markings.

    Toppers like Pranav Vijayvergiya (AIR 65) and Swati Sharma (AIR 17) have found Prelims to be tougher than Mains. In fact, Pranav failed to clear Prelims thrice. But, in his fourth attempt he took Civilsdaily mentorship and cleared Prelims, Mains and Interview in one shot!

    Are you feeling low that you are unable to get the required cut-off marks in your test series. Worry not, for about 65% of the UPSC toppers have said that they scored below cut-off marks till December. But by June, they were able to boost their marks to get through the prelims hurdle. It’s time to be like them now.

    One has to be good at elimination methods to choose the right option amongst two similar ones. Our Smash Prelims Super-25 Program started as a pilot project last year with an aim to introduce step-wise improvement in our chosen 25 aspirants. Over a period of 2 months, Santhosh sir inculcated confidence in aspirants who were either newbies or gave too many attempts. This year, we achieved a remarkable 60% success ratio. Next year, we have set our eyes on 100%. Yes, we are ambitious and aspirational just like any other UPSC aspirant.

    How will Super-25 Program be structured?

    We have neither diluted the criteria for selecting aspirants nor the core strategy. Infact, this year Super-25 will be a more effective version of last year. 

    Four Pillars of Super- 25 Program

    1. It is mentorship led test series and value addition program over 90 days. 
    1. Two-Tier Mentorship: You will have one dedicated mentor during the entire journey, while Santosh Gupta sir will be strategic mentor. Santosh sir will take strategic mentoring calls twice in a week. It would ensure that you do not fall back at any cost and benefit from the experience of two mentors who have cleared the exam 6 times. We will ensure that you achieve not your weekly targets but the target of clearing prelims. 
    1. Number of tests: 60 practice tests (50 questions) + 40 Full length tests ( 12 Basic + 6 advanced + 10 Current affairs test + 8 FLTs+ 4 CSATs) . It means everyday you can give a test. With this, we will ensure that you revise your syllabus 3 times in three months at least. 
    1. Current affairs: Entire Current affairs of 1.5 years ( Jan 2021 – April 2022) will be covered by Core faculty, comprising of Santosh sir, Sajal sir, Sudhanshu sir, Birendra sir and Sukanya Ma’am. You will learn how to link current affairs with static topics on the go.
    1. Strategic Value Addition Sessions: They say that a woodcutter sharpens his axe for 8 hours to cut 1 tree. This is the most popular session aroun taken by Santosh Gupta sir to enrich your knowledge base and analytical ability. 

    Approach of Super-25

    1. Keyword approach to revise syllabus of 1 subject in 2-3 hours.

    2. Focus on FCE approach ( Factual, Conceptual and Elimination ) to enhance your score.

    3. Critical gap filling sessions and notes, learning to link static with current affairs and vice versa.

    4. Evidence based questions to ensure 360 degree testing.

    5. Weekly monitoring of targets by dedicated mentor and your strategic mentor Santosh Gupta.  

    How Super- 25 will help you

    1. Setting a clear strategy for the next 90 days to get 120+ score in Prelims.

    2. Revising the whole syllabus in an effective manner.

    2. Filling critical gaps in preparation.

    4. Practice tests to enhance your chances of qualifying prelims.

    5. Covering the entire current affairs from a prelims perspective.

    Who can be part of Super-25?

    1. Only those who are struck in the range of 80-90 marks in last 2-3 attempts and are desperate to write mains.

    2. Those who have given prelims at least once.

    3. Those willing to give 100% or nothing less. 

    There are no secrets to success, it is a result of preparation, hard work and learning from failure. Are you willing to learn from failures? Let’s start together. 

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-29-at-10.19.42-1024x364.jpeg
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 1b69644d-1480-4430-b925-0bee98f61ea5-461x1024.jpg
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is a2d57403-4c49-462b-8459-b15e690ea928-1-461x1024.jpg

    Self Preparation with Mentorship: What do Civilsdaily Students think of Santosh Sir’s Mentorship for UPSC-CSE Prelims?

    Santhosh Sir, Core Civilsdaily Mentor. He has attended Interview Thrice & Cleared Prelims 6/6 times with above 145 marks.

    We asked Santosh sir’s students about their opinion on mentorship — if it was something that saved their time or wasted their time in studies and this is what they had to say:

    Kamini: “If I can say in one word, then Santosh sir’s mentorship is unique. Before I joined his program, I used to score 90 marks in Full Length Test Series. Santhosh sir had done in depth analysis of my test papers and suggested ways to reduce the negatives. Right now I am able to score 100+ in advanced test series of not only Civilsdaily but other institutes. He is always available to clear my doubts and solve my issues on call or phone. No issue is too big enough for Santosh sir. He has always told me after you finish a test series, read the same topics again and take another test series the same day to see if your marks improve. From Santosh sir’s polity and economic survey notes, we got questions in 2021 Prelims. I always feel its better to do self studies with mentorship than join coaching institutes and get spoon fed with information.”

    Sweetie Raj: “I am a banking professional, living with a joint family. Attending coaching classes is out of question because I won’t have time to read the books myself. Santosh sir helps me self-study by providing me mentorship daily. I study daily from 9PM to 3AM. Santosh sir has been available for 1 hour strategy calls even during this time. No other teacher would have wanted me to succeed as much as he wants me to. I can understand concepts by myself and don’t need help in that. I want someone who pushes me to complete the target modules, checks if I did my mains answer writing for the day and analyses the previous year question papers with me. Because of Santosh sir, I understood that its just not enough reading one book but at the same time I dont have to waste time reading many books. He tells me the topic-wise sources to refer. Also he has designed a study plan for me that I can follow every week. Once, I told Santhosh sir I was missing test series discussion classes as it was conducted at 7PM. Immediately, he provided me recorded videos and kept the session at 8.30PM.”

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 1ecb6d73-e5c0-4eb5-8250-6edb1b3a20b7-461x1024.jpg

    Samples From Smash Super-25 Program

    Sample 1-on-1 Mentorship for Smash Prelims
    Sample 1-on-1 Test Discussion on Google Meet
    Sample Notes
    Sample Test Series
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is image-1024x724.png
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is image-1-1024x676.png
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is image-2-1024x475.png
    Sample classes on CSAT & Topic Wise Analysis
    https://youtu.be/OcGSeXe31ek
    Sample Notes & Handout Material
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Collage.jpg

    Toppers’ Speak: How Civilsdaily Mentorship Helped Me Clear UPSC?

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSwO38weHAA

    About Santosh Gupta Sir

    Santosh sir has scored above 140 twice in UPSC prelims and 120 plus in all 6 attempts. He has written all 6 mains and has appeared for Interviews 3 times. He has qualified UPSC EPFO and BPSC 56-59th also. As the Prelims coordinator at Civilsdaily, he has helped 15 out of 25 students clear the prelims examination this year.

  • Starting Today @ 7PM, Registrations Closing in 3Hrs|| Target 2023: How to Balance Prelims and Mains Preparation In The Beginning Itself?|| How to Squeeze in Time for Mains if You are a UPSC 2022 Aspirant?|| Free Live Webinar by Civilsdaily Mains Guidance Head Sukanya Rana Ma’am|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    Starting Today @ 7PM, Registrations Closing in 3Hrs|| Target 2023: How to Balance Prelims and Mains Preparation In The Beginning Itself?|| How to Squeeze in Time for Mains if You are a UPSC 2022 Aspirant?|| Free Live Webinar by Civilsdaily Mains Guidance Head Sukanya Rana Ma’am|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    Many of you right now are planning to start prelims preparation from a clean slate. But as you pick a book and complete a chapter, you are bothered by a confusion — should I study for Mains or Prelims right now?

    Since, Prelims is the first exam of UPSC, logically it should be given the first preference. However, the marks you get in prelims are only qualifying by nature and will not be considered for your final ranking by default. At the same time, Prelims exam is known to have trickier questions than Mains or Interview. Hence one cannot postpone this preparation at a later stage.

    UPSC Mains on the other hand is conducted 3 months after Prelims results are announced. If you qualify the Mains exam in 2023, you cannot prepare the vast syllabus of 9 papers in just 3 months. Marks obtained in the Optional Subject rescues you if you happen to score low in other GS Papers or in the personality round. This is why you need to prepare for your Optional Subject from the first month itself.

    75% of UPSC Toppers in 2020 have attributed a Prelims-Mains integrated approach of study as the reason for their success

    The best solution would be to study for both Prelims and Mains at the outset. But the nagging question is — HOW?

    Open to All, Free Live Webinar by Sukanya Rana Ma’am on Prelims-Mains Preparation

    Adopting an integrated study approach for prelims and mains is easier said than done for aspirants who are studying without any coaching. Mains have extra topics for the same subject you study for prelims. Focus on current affairs sees a sea change when you shift from Prelims to Mains.

    This is why you need a veteran mentor to take you through every step of the preparation, while clearing your doubts. Sukanya Rana Ma’am will exactly do this coming Saturday in her free live webinar.

    Sukanya ma’am has the experience of 4 mains and 2 interviews in UPSC. She has also appeared in the State PCS interview. Before being a mentor at Civilsdaily, she worked as an officer in a public sector bank. Sukanya Rana Ma’am is passionate about guiding future officers in finding success.

    As an aspirant, she consistently scored 100+ marks in Ethics paper. Notably, in 2019 her marks were 140 in GS 4. Under her mentorship, many Smash Mains 2020 students were able to secure 110+ marks.

    Now, as a mentor she is garnering positive reviews from our Civilsdaily students. Students have always felt she helped them score above 100+ marks in Mains exams. Below are certain testimonials from them —

    What Will You Learn in This Free Live Webinar by Sukanya Rana Ma’am?

    1. What are the different approaches in Prelims and Mains Preparation? Start studying the priority focus topics of Prelims and Mains as a 2023 aspirant.

    2. How should UPSC 2022 aspirants focus on mains answer writing when prelims is just 90 days away? Managing time without feeling the stress.

    3. What should the timetable of UPSC 2023 aspirant look like? 3 different strategies for working professionals, college students and full timers.

    4. How many months should be dedicated to prelims? How much time should be given to the optional subjects?

    5. How to revise previous day’s topics and make time for new topics? Sukanya Ma’am answers from her personal experience.

    Webinar Details

    All aspirants are welcome to interact with Sukanya Ma’am and clear their doubts and get their preparation mistakes corrected in the Q&A session. This webinar is absolutely free and only requires prior registration.

    Date: 5 th February (Saturday)

    Time: 7 P.M

  • Missed Prelims Open Test? || Fret Not, You Can Retake The Test Again || Nikaalo Prelims Free Test Live Now- Roll Up Your Sleeves & Pull Up Your Socks! || All Participants Stand a Chance to Gain Free Guidance for Next 90 Days Revision Plan After Test|| Hurry Up & Enroll Now

    Before taking the prelims exam, it’s always better to try the mock tests of various institutes to evaluate your level of understanding and knowledge. Once you know the weak spots, you can spend the rest of the 90 days in revising them

    What Must a Quality Prelims Test Have?

    A quality mock test wiill highlight your shortcomings in all the areas.

    We at Civilsdaily understand the nuances of setting a paper. Through five cases explaining five questions, we’ll try to give you an idea about the varied difficulty level of prelims questions.

    These questions have been taken from the first test of Nikaalo Prelims All India Open Mock Test 2020 about Government Schemes and Policies.   

    (First test to go live on 4th March 2022 @ 9:30 a.m.)

    CASE 1 – The oldest trick in the book. 

    Deliberately changing names to confuse you. Be it schemes or concepts. UPSC is well known to flip names of similar-sounding schemes and concepts. Look at this question. 

    Ques. Which of the following are the result areas of  STRIVE

    1. Improved performance of ITI.
    2. Improved and Broadened Apprenticeship Training.
    3. India International Skill Centers 

    Select the  correct answer from the  codes given below:

    a. 1 and 2 only

    b. 2 and 3 only

    c. 1 and 3 only

    d. 1 only

    Correct answer- 1 and 2 only

    In the above question, STRIVE has been used for SANKALP.  Both of them were announced at the same time for boosting Skill India Mission. It is very easy to get confused mark a wrong answer.

    CASE 2: Misleading names

    A lot of times especially in match the following type of questions misleading names are used.

    Ques. Consider the following pairs:

       Schemes                          Objectives

    1. NIDHI: nurturing ideas and innovations into successful startups.
    2. SATYAM: rejuvenate research in yoga and meditation.
    3. MANAK: to help build a critical human resource pool for strengthening and increasing the research & development base.

    Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

    a. 1 and 2 only

    b. 2 and 3 only

    c. 1 and 2 only

    d. 1, 2 and 3

    Correct answer: 1, 2 and 3

    Misleading yet important names of initiatives under Ministry of Science and Technology have been used here. All pairs are correctly matched but it is very easy to get confused. 

    CASE 3: Are you rooted in society?

    UPSC has been playing with the expenditure figures and other such facts. It is done not only for the sole reason of checking your rote memory, but the ability to think in-depth about the issues faced by various sections. 

    Ques. With reference to ‘Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM) Scheme’, consider the following statements:

    1. The scheme provides for the installation of grid-connected solar power plants each of capacity up to 2 MW in the rural areas.
    2. The farmers will have to spend 50% of the total expenditure to acquire and install solar pumps.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    a. 1 only

    b. 2 only

    c. Both 1 and 2

    d. Neither 1 nor 2

    Correct answer: 1 only

    A very important scheme. The farmers have to tolerate only 10% of the total expenditure to acquire and install solar pumps. The Central Govt. will provide 60% cost while the remaining 30% will be taken care of by bank as credit. One must understand the inability of Indian farmers to spend 50% on solar pumps. This would have helped in eliminating options also.

    CASE 4: Going international.

    International collaboration and aid in our schemes and policies are relevant. If you ever read about them, know that the issue is of critical importance for the government and society.

    Ques. With reference to Atal Bhujal Yojana, consider the following statements:

    1. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with funding pattern of 50:50 between Government of India and states.
    2. This scheme is approved by the World Bank.

    Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?

    a. 1 only

    b. 2 only

    c. Both 1 and 2

    d. Neither 1 nor 2

    Correct answer: 2 only

    Here the Government of India’s collaboration with World Bank makes it important. Half of the financial contribution is from the World Bank in this initiative.

    Students must not ignore the contribution of international institutions especially if it is of such overwhelming nature.

    CASE 5: Core of the core

    You should be able to remember the bare minimum. There is no other way in such questions. You either know them or you don’t.

    Ques. Which of the following are the components of the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)?

    1. National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) 
    2. Annapurna.
    3. Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS)

    Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

    a. 1 and 3

    b. 2 and 3

    c. 3 only

    d. 1, 2, and 3

    Correct answer: 1, 2 and 3

    The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) which came into effect from 15th August 1995, represents a significant step towards the fulfilment of the Directive Principles in Article 41 of the Constitution.

    It is a very important scheme under Ministry of Rural Development. Students are supposed to do flagship schemes of various ministries.

    Get ready to challenge yourself on 4th March 2022. Register for the second edition of Nikaalo Prelims Open Mock Test now.

    After the exam, CD Mentors will discuss the solutions of the questions on the Nikaalo Prelims telegram group(click to join)

  • Need for political will to tackle climate change

    Context

    Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report released on Monday its sixth assessment report.

    Bleak assessment of our future

    • In its sixth assessment report, titled ‘Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability’, the IPCC discusses the increasing extreme heat, rising oceans, melting glaciers, falling agricultural productivity, resultant food shortages and increase in diseases like dengue and zika.
    • Failed climate leadership: Antonio Guterres, the United Nations Secretary General, quoted in The New York Times, describes the IPCC report as being “an atlas of human suffering and a damning indictment of failed climate leadership.”
    • The IPCC warns that should our planet get warmer than 1.5 degrees Celsius from pre-industrial times (we are at 1.1 degrees at present), then there will be irreversible impact on “ecosystems with low resilience” such as polar, mountain and coastal ecosystems “impacted by glacier melt, and higher sea level rise”.
    • This will cause devastation to “infrastructure in low-lying coastal settlements, associated livelihoods and even erosion of cultural and spiritual values.”
    • The increased heat will lead to an increase in diseases like diabetes, circulatory and respiratory conditions, as well as mental health challenges.

    Impact on India

    • Climate “maladaptation”: The IPCC also highlights that climate “maladaptation” will especially affect “marginalised and vulnerable groups adversely, indigenous people, ethnic minorities, low-income households and informal settlements” and those in rural areas.
    • Therefore, India, with a majority of its people falling in these categories, will be especially devastated.
    • The IPCC highlights India as a vulnerable hotspot, with several regions and cities facing climate change phenomena like flooding, sea-level rise and heatwaves.
    • For instance, Mumbai is at high risk of sea-level rise and flooding, and Ahmedabad faces the danger of heat waves — these phenomena are already underway in both cities.
    • Vector-borne and water-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue will be on the rise in sub-tropical regions, like parts of Punjab, Assam and Rajasthan.
    • When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, the grains we consume, including wheat and rice, will have diminished nutritional quality.
    • Over the past 30 years, major crop yields have decreased by 4-10 per cent globally due to climate change.
    • Consequently, India, which continues to be predominantly agrarian, is likely to be especially hurt.
    • Urban India is at greater risk than other areas with a projected population of 877 million by 2050 nearly double of 480 million in 2020.
    • The concentration of population in these cities will make them extremely vulnerable to climate change.

    Conclusion

    Fighting climate change requires fiscal expenditure and policy changes fuelled by political will, which will reap results in a decade or so. Yet, our political class has no cohesive and urgent policy roadmap to combat rising emissions and our diminishing life spans.

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  • Why draft data accessibility policy is dangerous

    Context

    The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITY) released the“Draft India Data Accessibility & Use Policy 2022”.

    Objectives of the policy

    •  If passed, it would govern, “all data and information created/generated/collected/archived by the Government of India” as much as, “State Governments [who] will also be free to adopt the provisions of the policy”.
    • The twin purpose to which this data will be put to will be government-to-government sharing and high value datasets for valuation and licensing.

    Issues with the draft policy

    1] Original objective will get dilutes in favour of commercial interests

    • The immediate risk arises when a government starts licensing citizen data.
    • Over the past three years, there has been a rapid expansion in the nature and scope of our most intimate details.
    • While the middle classes faced the mendacity of voluntarily linking their Aadhaar to their bank accounts and mobile connections, today, the digital sweep is all pervasive.
    • For agriculture, there is an Agristack; for unorganised labourers, we have the e-SHRAM portal; in health we have Aarogya Setu and ABHA (Ayushman Bharat Digital Health Mission); and for school children and teachers there is NDEAR (National Digital Education Architecture).
    • For every area of our lives, the government now has a database filled with our personal data.
    • Purpose of data collection: The stated purpose for collection has been improving service delivery, planning and checking leakages.
    • Public data is now being viewed as a prized asset of the Union government that should be freely shared, enriched, valued and licensed to the private sector. 
    • Given that more data means more money, commercial interests will prompt the government to collect granular personal details through greater capture and increased retention periods.
    • Tying government policy determinations with a fiscal potential may also lead to distortion of the aims of data collection — the welfare of farmers, healthcare, unorganised labourers or even schoolchildren.
    • There is no indication that consent will be sought in a meaningful form.
    • Over time, the original objectives for which databases are built will get diluted in favour of commercial interests.

    2] Absence of values and objectives related to transparency

    • The second issue emerges from the disingenuous phrasing of “making data open by default”.
    • Importance of open data: The World Bank notes that one of the first benefits of open data is that it supports “public oversight of governments and helps reduce corruption by enabling greater transparency”.
    • These principles were recognised in past policy pronouncements of the government.
    • Specifically, the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy, 2012 and the implementation guidelines formulated in 2017 refer to the Right to Information Act, 2005.
    • However, within the present draft data accessibility policy, while the phrase “open data” has been used, its values and objectives are absent.
    • The primary, overpowering objectives in the draft data accessibility policy and the background note are commercial.

    3] Absence of legal basis

    • The final area for reconsideration is a larger trend of policy-based administration detached from our constitutional framework.
    • Compounding this problem, the present policy, as many others, is untethered to any legislative basis and contains no proposals for the creation of a legal framework.
    • As per the Supreme Court’s Puttaswamy judgment on the fundamental right to privacy, the first ingredient to satisfy constitutionality is the existence of a legal, more often a legislative, basis.
    • Without a law, there is absence of defined limits to data sharing that are enforceable and contain remedies.
    • Inadequate provisions for privacy preservation: In this case, the promise of privacy preservation through anonymisation tools holds little promise when it cannot be independently assessed by a body for data protection.
    •  Even heavily sampled anonymised datasets are unlikely to satisfy the modern standards for anonymisation set forth by GDPR and seriously challenge the technical and legal adequacy of the de-identification release-and-forget model.
    • This becomes vital as it is the principal measure suggested in the draft data accessibility policy.

    Suggestions

    • Parliamentary enactments also help bring accountability through deliberation that furthers foresight and contains financial memorandums – given that public money would be spent to enrich datasets of public data.
    • Since the policy contemplates sharing data between databases of the central and state governments as well as through central funded schemes, it may also be prudent to deliberate further in the Rajya Sabha. 
    •  Federalism becomes a relevant issue given that such data, when it is generated, processed and enriched by state governments to comply with interoperability standards, will lead to revenue generation for itself.

    Consider the question “What are the benefits of open data? Why privacy and welfare activists have raised concerns with the Draft India Data Accessibility & Use Policy 2022?”

    Conclusion

    These are the glaring issues in this short,  draft data accessibility policy, which appears to transform the Union government into a data broker.

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  • [Burning Issue] Age of Cyber Warfare

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    Context

    The war between Russia and Ukraine is not only being fought on the ground, but also in cyberspace. Cyberattacks on state-owned digital assets, including websites and banking services, have gradually increased in both frequency and sophistication, beginning with Distributed-denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks before escalation with the use of complex wiper malware and ransomware.

    What has happened in Ukraine so far?

    • Ukraine has been one of the primary targets of Russia since 2020. The recent spate of attacks started in mid-January and knocked out websites of the ministry of foreign affairs and the ministry of education.
    • The attacks have intensified in the last few weeks and now, banks in Ukraine are being targeted.
    • DDoS attacks disrupt online services by overwhelming websites with more traffic than their server can handle.

    What is cyberwarfare?

    • Another front of war: Cyberwarfare has emerged as a new form of retaliation or passive aggression deployed by nations that do not want to go to actual war but want to send a tough message to their opponents.
    • A cyber-attack can maliciously disable computers, steal data, or use a breached computer as a launch point for other attacks.
    • Cybercriminals use a variety of methods to launch a cyber-attack, including malware, phishing, ransomware, denial of service, among other methods.
    • Case with India: In 2020, Gothic Panda and Stone Panda, two China-based hacker groups, targeted media and critical infra companies in India with large-scale attacks amid the border stand-off between India and China.
    • For many countries, cyberwarfare is a never-ending battle as it allows them to constantly harass and weaken geopolitical rivals.

    What do cyber attackers target?

    Cyberattacks happen because organizations, state actors, or private persons want one or many things, like:

    • Business financial data
    • Clients lists
    • Customer financial data
    • Customer databases, including personally identifiable information (PII)
    • Email addresses and login credentials
    • Intellectual property, like trade secrets or product designs
    • IT infrastructure access
    • IT services, to accept financial payments
    • Sensitive personal data
    • US government departments and government agencies

    When Did Cyber Warfare Start?

    • Cyber warfare began in 2010 with Stuxnet, which was the first cyber weapon meant to cause physical damage. Stuxnet is reported to have destroyed 20% of the centrifuges Iran used to create its nuclear arsenal.
    • Then, between 2014 and 2016, Russia launched a series of strategic attacks against Ukraine and the German parliament.
    • During the same period, China hacked 21.5 million employee records, stealing information from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management.
    • In 2017, the WannaCry attack impacted upwards of 200,000 computers in 150 countries. The attack targeted Windows computers with ransomware.
    • The NotPetya attack originated in Ukraine, destroyed files, resulting in more than $10 billion in damage.

    Why do cyber-attacks happen?

    • In addition to cybercrime, cyber-attacks can also be associated with cyber warfare or cyberterrorism, like hacktivists.
    • Motivations can vary, in other words. And in these motivations, there are three main categories: criminal, political and personal.
    • Criminally motivated attackers seek financial gain through money theft, data theft or business disruption.
    • Personally motivated, such as disgruntled current or former employees, will take money, data or a mere chance to disrupt a company’s system.
    • Socio-political motivated attackers seek attention for their causes. As a result, they make their attacks known to the public—also known as hacktivism.
    • Other cyber-attack motivations include espionage, spying—to gain an unfair advantage over competitors—and intellectual challenge.

    Which countries are behind state-backed cyberattacks?

    • Russia is one of the top perpetrators of state-backed cyberattacks.
    • According to an October 2021 report by Microsoft Corp., Russia accounted for 58% of state-backed attacks worldwide, followed by North Korea (23%), Iran (11%), and China (8%).
    • North Korea is said to have built a cyber-army of 7,000 hackers.

    Which companies are targeted and why?

    • State-backed cyberattacks are usually carried out to steal state secrets, trade deals and weapons blueprint, or target large multinationals to steal their intellectual property (IP) and use it to build local industry.
    • Cryptos are also on the radar now. North Korean hackers reportedly stole cryptos worth $400 million in 2021.
    • However, when states launch cyberattacks on other states as a result of worsening of geopolitical relations, the target is usually critical infrastructure firms to disrupt economic activity.

    How often is India targeted?

    • Such cyberattacks rose 100% bet-ween 2017 and 2021, according to a global study by Hewlett-Packard and the University of Surrey.
    • In 2019, the administrative network of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant was hit by a malware attack by North Korea-backed Lazarus Group.
    • China-backed hackers were believed to be behind a power outage in Mumbai in 2020.
    • According to Black Lotus Labs, Pakistan-based hackers targeted power firms and one government organization in India in early 2021 using Remote Access Trojans.

    What are common types of cyber-attacks?

    Common types of cyber-attacks are:

    (1) Backdoor Trojan

    • A backdoor Trojan creates a backdoor vulnerability in the victim’s system, allowing the attacker to gain remote, and almost total, control.
    • Frequently used to link up a group of victims’ computers into a botnet or zombie network, attackers can use the Trojan for other cybercrimes.

    (2) Cross-site scripting (XSS) attack

    • XSS attacks insert malicious code into a legitimate website or application script to get a user’s information, often using third-party web resources.

    Denial-of-service (DoS)

    • DoS and Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks flood a system’s resources, overwhelming them and preventing responses to service requests, which reduces the system’s ability to perform.
    • Often, this attack is a setup for another attack.

    (3) DNS tunnelling

    • Cybercriminals use DNS tunnelling, a transactional protocol, to exchange application data, like extract data silently or establish a communication channel with an unknown server, such as a command and control (C&C) exchange.

    (4) Malware

    • Malware is malicious software that can render infected systems inoperable. Most malware variants destroy data by deleting or wiping files critical to the operating system’s ability to run.

    (5) Phishing

    • Phishing scams attempt to steal users’ credentials or sensitive data like credit card numbers.
    • In this case, scammers send users emails or text messages designed to look as though they’re coming from a legitimate source, using fake hyperlinks.

    (6) Ransomware

    • Ransomware is sophisticated malware that takes advantage of system weaknesses, using strong encryption to hold data or system functionality hostage.
    • Cybercriminals use ransomware to demand payment in exchange for releasing the system. A recent development with ransomware is the add-on of extortion tactics.

    (7) Zero-day exploit

    • Zero-day exploit attacks take advantage of unknown hardware and software weaknesses. These vulnerabilities can exist for days, months or years before developers learn about the flaws.

    What can cyber-attacks do?

    • If successful, cyber-attacks can damage enterprises.
    • They can cause valuable downtime, data loss or manipulation, and money loss through ransoms. Further, downtime can lead to major service interruptions and financial losses. For example:
    • DoS, DDoS and malware attacks can cause system or server crashes.
    • DNS tunnelling and SQL injection attacks can alter, delete, insert or steal data into a system.
    • Phishing and zero-day exploit attacks allow attackers entry into a system to cause damage or steal valuable information.
    • Ransomware attacks can disable a system until the company pays the attacker a ransom.

    How cyber-attacks can be reduced?

    • Organizations can reduce cyber-attacks with an effective cybersecurity system.
    • Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting critical systems and sensitive information from digital attacks, involving technology, people and processes.
    • An effective cybersecurity system prevents, detects and reports cyber-attacks using key cybersecurity technologies and best practices, including:
    1. Identity and access management (IAM)
    2. A comprehensive data security platform
    3. Security information and event management (SIEM)
    4. Offensive and defensive security services and threat intelligence

    What are recent Cyber Attacks in news?

    (1) Russia/Ukraine conflict

    • Check Point Research (CPR) has released information on cyber-attacks that have been seen in the context of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict.
    • In the first three days of battle, cyber-attacks on Ukraine’s government and military sector increased by an astounding 196%. The number of cyber-attacks on Russian businesses has climbed by 4%.
    • Phishing emails in East Slavic languages grew sevenfold, with a third of those malicious phishing emails being sent from Ukrainian email addresses to Russian receivers.

    (2) SolarWinds Sunburst Attack

    • The world is now facing what seems to be a 5th generation cyber-attack – a sophisticated, multi-vector attack with clear characteristics of the cyber pandemic.
    • Named Sunburst by researchers, this is one of the most sophisticated and severe attacks ever seen.
    • The attack has been reported to impact major US government offices as well as many private sector organizations.
    • This series of attacks was made possible when hackers were able to embed a backdoor into SolarWinds software updates.
    • Over 18,000 companies and government offices downloaded what seemed to be a regular software update on their computers, but was actually a Trojan horse.

    (3) HermeticWiper malware

    • This was named after the false digital certificate used to sign the file, which is issued under the name of a company named Hermetica Digital Ltd.
    • This is wiper malware which means it is designed to wipe the hard drives or system storage of the systems it infects.
    • The malware used against Ukrainian targets misused legitimate drivers of popular disk management software to corrupt data on the infected machine.
    • The wiper was used to target Ukrainian organisations.
    • Due to this attack, customers of Privatbank, Ukraine’s largest state-owned bank, and Sberbank, another state-owned bank reported problems with online payments and the banks’ applications.
    • The hosting provider for Privatbank and the Ukrainian army were among the attackers’ targets.

    Way forward

    • The need to be aware of the nature of the cyber threat and take adequate precautionary measures, has become extremely vital.
    • New technologies such as artificial intelligence, Machine learning and quantum computing, also present new opportunities.
    • Pressure also needs to be put on officials in the public domain to carry out regular vulnerability assessments and create necessary awareness of the growing cyber threat.
    • It is time that cybersecurity as a specialised discipline becomes an integral component of any IT syllabus being taught within our university systems as well as outside.
    • Coordination among CERTs of different countries. Ensure that vulnerable sections of our society do not fall prey to the evil designs of cyber criminals.
    • Need for India to move on from IT security to cyber security.
    • Organisations that are hit by cyber-attacks must inform law enforcement immediately instead of worrying about their reputations.
    • Important to have crisis management plans so that it helps to react in a given situation.
    • A dedicated industry forum for cyber security should be set up to develop trusted indigenous solutions to check cyber-attacks.

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  • What is ‘General Consent’ for CBI?

    Meghalaya has withdrawn consent to the CBI to investigate cases in the state, becoming the ninth state in the country to have taken this step.

    General Consent

    • Unlike the National Investigation Agency (NIA), which is governed by its own NIA Act and has jurisdiction across the country, the CBI is governed by the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act.
    • This makes consent of a state government mandatory for conducting an investigation in that state.
    • There are two types of consent: case-specific and general.
    • Given that the CBI has jurisdiction only over central government departments and employees, it can investigate a case involving state government employees or a violent crime in a given state only after that state government gives its consent.

    When is Consent needed?

    • General consent is normally given to help the CBI seamlessly conduct its investigation into cases of corruption against central government employees in the concerned state.
    • Almost all states have given such consent.
    • Otherwise, the CBI would require consent in every case.

    What does the withdrawal of consent mean?

    • It means the CBI will not be able to register any fresh case involving a central government official or a private person stationed in these two states without getting case-specific consent.
    • Withdrawal of consent simply means that CBI officers will lose all powers of a police officer as soon as they enter the state unless the state government has allowed them.

    Under what provision has general consent been withdrawn?

    • In exercise of the power conferred by Section 6 of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, the government can withdraw the general consent to exercise the powers and jurisdiction.
    • Section 6 of the Act says nothing contained in Section 5 shall be deemed to enable any member of the Delhi Special Police Establishment to exercise powers and jurisdiction in any area in a State, not being a Union Territory or Railway, area, without the consent of the Government of that State.

    Does that mean that the CBI can no longer probe any case in the two states?

    • The CBI would still have the power to investigate old cases registered when general consent existed.
    • Also, cases registered anywhere else in the country, but involving people stationed in that particular state would allow CBI’s jurisdiction to extend to these states.
    • There is ambiguity on whether the agency can carry out a search in either of the two states in connection with an old case without the consent of the state government.

    Why such a move by the States?

    • If a state government believes that the ruling party’s ministers or members could be targeted by CBI on orders of the Centre, and that withdrawal of general consent would protect them.
    • This is a debatable political assumption.
    • CBI could still register cases in Delhi which would require some part of the offence being connected with Delhi and still arrest and prosecute ministers or MPs.
    • The only people it will protect are small central government employees.

    Legal Remedies for CBI

    • The CBI can always get a search warrant from a local court in the state and conduct searches.
    • In case the search requires a surprise element, there is CrPC Section 166, which allows a police officer of one jurisdiction to ask an officer of another to carry out searches on his behalf.
    • And if the first officer feels that the searches by the latter may lead to loss of evidence, the section allows the first officer to conduct searches himself after giving notice to the latter.

    Back2Basics: Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

    • The Bureau of Investigation traces its origins to the Delhi Special Police Establishment, a Central Government Police force, which was set up in 1941 by the Government of India.
    • It then aimed to investigate bribery and corruption in transactions with the War and Supply Department of India.
    • It then had its headquarters in Lahore.
    • After the end of the war, there was a continued need for a central governmental agency to investigate bribery and corruption by central-government employees.
    • The DSPE acquired its popular current name, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), through a Home Ministry resolution dated in 1963.

    Mandate of the CBI

    • The CBI is the main investigating agency of the GoI.
    • It is not a statutory body; it derives its powers from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946.
    • Its important role is to prevent corruption and maintain integrity in administration.
    • It works under the supervision of the CVC (Central Vigilance Commission) in matters pertaining to the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
    • The CBI is also India’s official representative with the INTERPOL.

    Cases to investigate

    • Cases connected to infringement of economic and fiscal laws
    • Crimes of a serious nature that have national and international ramifications
    • Coordination with the activities of the various state police forces and anti-corruption agencies.
    • It can also take up any case of public importance and investigate it
    • Maintaining crime statistics and disseminating criminal information.

    Issues with CBI

    • Caged parrot: The Supreme Court has criticized the CBI by calling it a “caged parrot speaking in its master’s voice”.
    • Political interference: It has often been used by the government of the day to cover up wrongdoing, keep coalition allies in line and political opponents at bay.
    • Investigation delay: It has been accused of enormous delays in concluding investigations due to political inertia.
    • Loss of Credibility: CBI has been criticised for its mismanagement of several cases involving prominent politicians and mishandling of several sensitive cases like Bofors scandal, Bhopal gas tragedy.
    • Lack of Accountability: CBI is exempted from the provisions of the Right to Information Act, thus, lacking public accountability.
    • Acute shortage of personnel: A major cause of the shortfall is the government’s sheer mismanagement of CBI’s workforce.
    • Limited Powers: The powers and jurisdiction of members of the CBI for investigation are subject to the consent of the State Govt., thus limiting the extent of investigation by CBI.
    • Restricted Access: Prior approval of Central Government to conduct inquiry or investigation on the employees of the Central Government is a big obstacle in combating corruption at higher levels of bureaucracy.

    Reforming CBI

    • Need for autonomy:   As long as the government of the day has the power to transfer and post officials of its choice in the CBI, the investigating agency will not enjoy autonomy and will be unable to investigate cases freely.
    • Selection of director/ Officers: To ensure that the CBI is a robust, independent and credible investigation agency, there is an urgent need to work out a much more transparent mechanism for selection and induction of officers on deputation.
    • Lokpal scrutiny: The Lokpal Act already calls for a three-member committee made up of the PM, the leader of the opposition and the CJI to select the director.
    • Bifurcation of Cadre: CBI should be bifurcated into an Anti-Corruption Body and a National Crime Bureau.
    • Develop own cadre: One of the demands that have been before Supreme Court, and in line with international best practices, is for the CBI to develop its own dedicated cadre of officers.
    • Annual social audit should be carried out by ten reputed, knowledgeable persons with background of law, justice, public affairs and administration and the audit report should be placed before the parliament.

     

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  • What is ‘Front-of-Pack Labelling’ (FoPL)?

    The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) will soon start labelling the front of packaged food products with Health Star Rating (HSR).

    What is FoPL?

    • In India, packaged food has had back-of-package (BOP) nutrient information in detail but no FoPL.
    • Counter to this, FoPL can nudge people towards healthy consumption of packaged food.
    • It can also influence purchasing habits.
    • The study endorsed the HSR format, which speaks about the proportions of salt, sugar, and fat in food that is most suited for consumers.
    • Countries such as the UK, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Hungary, and Australia have implemented FoPL systems.

    What warranted such rating in India?

    • Visual bluff: A lot of Indian consumers do not read the information available at the back of the packaged food item.
    • Burden of NCDs: Also, India has a huge burden of non-communicable diseases that contributes to around 5.87 million (60%) of all deaths in a year.
    • Healthy dietary choices: HSR will encourage people to make healthy choices and could bring a transformational change in the society.
    • Supreme court order: A PIL seeking direction to the government to frame guidelines on HSR and impact assessment for food items and beverages was filed in the Supreme Court in June 2021.

    Which category of food item will have HSR?

    • All packaged food items or processed food will have the HSR label.
    • These will include chips, biscuits, namkeen, sweets and chocolates, meat nuggets, and cookies.
    • However, milk and its products such as chenna and ghee are EXEMPTED as per the FSSAI draft notified in 2019.

    Will there be pushback from food industry?

    • Negative warning: Some experts opposed the use of the HSR model in India, suggesting that consumers might tend to take this as an affirmation of the health benefits rather than as a negative warning of ill effects.
    • Lack of awareness: This is significant because there is lack of awareness on star ratings related to consumer products in India.
    • Impact on Sale: Certain organisations fear it might affect the sale of certain food products.

    When will the rating come into force?

    • FSSAI’s scientific panel recommends voluntary implementation of HSR format from 2023 and a transition period of four years for making it mandatory.
    • FSSAI noted that the proposed thresholds are in alignment with the models implemented in other countries and ‘WHO population nutrient intake goals recommendations’.
    • FSSAI will analyse the nutritional information in 100 mg of packaged food.
    • The food safety compliance system licensing application portal will have a module for generating certificates wherein a licensee can enter details of a product.

     

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    Back2Basics: Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)

    • The FSSAI is an autonomous body established under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
    • It has been established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 which is a consolidating statute related to food safety and regulation in India.
    • It is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety.
    • It is headed by a non-executive Chairperson, appointed by the Central Government, either holding or has held the position of not below the rank of Secretary to the Government of India.

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