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Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, 2023-24

Why in the News? The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023-24 highlights key trends in consumption patterns across India. It is conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO) every 5 years. Important Highlights of HCES, 2023-24: Rural Spending: Monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) increased by 9.3% to ₹4,122 in 2023-24 (from ₹3,773 in 2022-23);… Continue reading

In news: Pangong Lake

Why in the News? The Indian Army has installed a statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj on the bank of Pangong lake at an altitude of 14,300 feet, a region that is close to the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China in the eastern Ladakh sector. About Pangong Lake (Pangong Tso) Its name is derived… Continue reading

[pib] Exercise SURYA KIRAN

Why in the News? The Indian Army contingent has departed for Nepal to participate in the 18th edition of the Battalion-Level Joint Military Exercise SURYA KIRAN. About the Exercise Surya Kiran Exercise Surya Kiran is a bilateral joint military exercise conducted annually between India and Nepal since 2011. The 18th edition is being held in… Continue reading

Marine Heatwave killed four million Alaska seabirds

Why in the News? The 2014-2016 Pacific marine heatwave (MHW) killed over four million common murres (Uria aalge) (IUCN: Least Concerned) in Alaska. A study published in Science revealed that this event marked the largest recorded vertebrate die-off linked to warming oceans. About Marine Heat Waves (MHWs) Details What is it? As per the National… Continue reading

Enrollment Open: 1.5-Year Course January Batch UAP-2026 | Connect with Mentor Now

The Ultimate Assessment Program to ace UPSC CSE. Trusted and Endorsed by AIR 2, Animesh Pradhan (First Attempt, 473 in GS Mains & 133 in Essay). Schedule a 1-1 call with Civilsdaily’s Mentor for focused UPSC Prep Are you a UPSC CSE 2026 aspirant looking for the right mentorship to guide your preparation? The Civil… Continue reading

[30th December 2024] The Hindu Op-ed: Incidents on loop, but it’s escape for regulator, airlines

PYQ Relevance: Q. What is the need for expanding the regional air connectivity in India? In this context, discuss the government’s UDAN Scheme and its achievements. (CSE 2024) Mentor’s Comment: UPSC mains have always focused on the development of Airports (2017), and ‘application in aviation ’ (2013). The December 5, 2024, incident involving an Air… Continue reading

The challenge of holding judges accountable

Why in the News? Recently, Justice Shekhar Kumar Yadav’s speech at a Vishwa Hindu Parishad event, showing bias against Muslims, has raised concerns about the challenges in holding higher court judges accountable in India. Why do the judges need to be accountable? Upholding Judicial Integrity: Judges are the guardians of the Constitution and are expected… Continue reading

U.S.-India ties will be strengthened, but expect tariff trouble, FTA push: Former Ambassador Juster

Why in the News? After the USA’s election result, U.S.-India (in 2nd term of Donald Trump) ties could be stronger, but issues over tariffs might cause trouble. Why US India ties will be strengthed? Shared Strategic Interests: The U.S. and India both view China as a significant strategic challenge, which aligns their interests in the… Continue reading

ISRO SpaDEx PSLV-C60 Launch

Why in the News? ISRO’s PSLV will launch 2 satellites, SDX01 and SDX02, into a 476-km circular orbit in the first week of January to conduct the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDEx), marking India’s entry into the elite group of nations capable of mastering Space Docking. What is PSLV-C60 SpaDeX Mission? The PSLV-C60 SpaDeX Mission is… Continue reading

Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER)

Why in the News? The rupee has been hitting record lows against the US dollar but has simultaneously reached an all-time high in real effective terms. In November 2024, the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) index of the rupee touched 108.14, strengthening by 4.5% during the year, according to the RBI. What is Effective Exchange… Continue reading

In news: Parker Solar Probe

Why in the News? The Parker Solar Probe has reached 6.1 million km from the Sun’s surface — the closest any human-made object has ever been. At this distance, if the Earth and Sun were 1 meter apart, the probe would be 4 cm from the Sun. What is the Parker Solar Probe? Details About … Continue reading

What is the H-1B Visa Program?

Why in the News? The US President-elect Donald Trump has expressed support for H-1B Visas but emphasized balancing immigration policies with protecting American jobs. About H-1B Visa Program Details What is it? Allows U.S. employers to hire foreign workers for specialty occupations requiring: High expertise. A bachelor’s degree or higher. Administered by the U.S. Department… Continue reading

Should the wealth tax be reinstated in India?

Why in the News? At a New Delhi panel, economist Thomas Piketty proposed taxing India’s super-rich to fund health and education, while Chief Economic Advisor Anantha Nageswaran cautioned against potential fund outflows from higher taxes. What are the potential benefits of reinstating a wealth tax? Funding Public Services: A wealth tax could provide significant revenue… Continue reading

Rules that still manacle the captive elephant

Why in the News? The Captive Elephant (Transfer or Transport) Rules contain ambiguities that could enable the illegal trade of elephants. What are the current welfare standards for captive elephants? Legal Framework: Elephants are protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972, but enforcement is weak. The Kerala High Court has issued directions to ensure… Continue reading

China approves dam over Brahmaputra

Why in the News? China has announced the construction of world’s largest dam on the Brahmaputra River (known as Yarlung Zangbo in Tibet), sparking concerns in India and Bangladesh, the lower riparian states. About the Dam This project is part of China’s 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) and its long-term development strategy through 2035. The dam… Continue reading

UNGA adopts 10-Year Action Plan for Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs)

Why in the News? The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted a 10-Year Action Plan for Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs), aiming to address their unique challenges. Key Targets of the 10-Year Action Plan for LLDCs (2024–2034): The Programme of Action for LLDCs aims to address their unique challenges through targeted actions across 5 priority areas:… Continue reading

UNGA adopts milestone Cybercrime Treaty

Why in the News? The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has adopted a legally binding treaty on cybercrime, marking the culmination of a five-year effort by Member States. This is the first international criminal justice treaty negotiated in over 20 years. About UN Convention against Cybercrime: Important Facts The UN Convention against Cybercrime is a… Continue reading

In news: Greenland

Why in the News? US President-elect Donald Trump has once again expressed interest in buying Greenland, and Greenland has again stated it is not for sale. Why is the US so much interested in Greenland? Greenland is strategically located in the North Atlantic Ocean, between Europe and North America, and across the Baffin Bay from… Continue reading

[27th December 2024] The Hindu Op-ed: Tapping into Kazakhstan’s rare earths potential

PYQ Relevance: Q) A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest to India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India’s joining the Ashgabat Agreement, in 2018. (UPSC CSE 2018) Mentor’s Comment: UPSC mains have always focused on ‘Central Asia’ (2018) and ‘distribution of minerals’ (2021).… Continue reading

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