Iran has agreed to allow international inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to install new memory cards into surveillance cameras at its sensitive nuclear sites and to continue filming there, potentially averting a diplomatic showdown this week.
Try this question from CSP 2020:
Q.In India, why are some nuclear reactors kept under “IAEA Safeguards” while others are not?
(a) Some use Uranium and others use thorium.
(b) Some use imported uranium and others use domestic supplies.
(c) Some are operated by foreign enterprises and others are operated by domestic enterprises.
(d) Some are State- owned and others are privately-owned.
Post your answers here.
What is IAEA?
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.
As the preeminent nuclear watchdog under the UN, the IAEA is entrusted with the task of upholding the principles of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1970.
It was established as an autonomous organization on July 29, 1957, at the height of the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
Though established independently of the UN through its own international treaty, the agency reports to both the UN General Assembly and the UNSC.
What are its safeguards?
Safeguards are activities by which the IAEA can verify that a State is living up to its international commitments not to use nuclear programs for nuclear weapons purposes.
Safeguards are based on assessments of the correctness and completeness of a State’s declared nuclear material and nuclear-related activities.
Verification measures include on-site inspections, visits, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation.
Basically, two sets of measures are carried out in accordance with the type of safeguards agreements in force with a State.
One set relates to verifying State reports of declared nuclear material and activities.
Another set enables the IAEA not only to verify the non-diversion of declared nuclear material but also to provide assurances as to the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities in a State.
The government is in talks with exporters to help them deal with an international container shortage that has led to freight rates rising by over 300 per cent in the past year for key shipping routes.
Why is there an international container shortage?
The reduction in the number of shipping vessels operating as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to fewer empty containers being picked up.
This has left many containers in inland depots and stuck at ports for long durations.
Long waiting times at key ports such as those in the US due to congestion are also contributing to lengthening turnaround time for containers.
A sustained global economic recovery has added to the impetus to trade.
Some countries are willing to pay a premium for empty containers and that this was further adding to the container shortage.
Freight rate impact
The lack of availability of containers and the faster than expected recovery in international trade has pushed up freight rates significantly over the past year.
Some key international routes are seeing an increase in freight rates of over 500 per cent compared to September last year.
Structural problems such as the high turnaround time for ships in India also add to the container shortage issue that exporters are currently facing.
How is the container shortage impacting Indian exporters?
Delay: Indian exporters are facing major delays in their shipments and consequent liquidity issues as they have to wait longer to receive payment for exported goods.
Liquidity crunch: Exporters noted that shipments that used to take 45 days are now taking 75-90 days leading to a 2–3-month delay in payments leading to liquidity crunch particularly for small exporters.
How can the government help address this issue?
Exporters are calling on the government to regulate the export of empty containers.
Exporters have asked the government to curb the export of empty containers at all Indian ports in line with a move by the Kolkata port which restricted the number of empty containers permitted to be exported to 100 per vessel for a three month period.
Exporters are also calling on the government to release about 20,000 containers that have been abandoned or are detained by government agencies so that they can augment supply.
Indian exporters has also called on the government to notify a freight support scheme for all exports till the end of the fiscal when freight rates are expected to normalise.
They are also asking the government to push back on a move by shipping lines to offer priority bookings at higher rates, asking that shipping lines revert to taking bookings on a first come first serve basis.
In the medium term, exporters have called on the government to take steps to boost the manufacturing of containers in India.
This September 12 marks the 124th anniversary of the Battle of Saragarhi that has inspired a host of armies, books and films, both at home and abroad.
What is the Battle of Saragarhi?
The Battle of Saragarhi is considered one of the finest last stands in the military history of the world.
Twenty-one soldiers were pitted against over 8,000 Afridi and Orakzai tribals but they managed to hold the fort for seven hours.
Though heavily outnumbered, the soldiers of 36th Sikhs (now 4 Sikhs), led by Havildar Ishar Singh, fought till their last breath, killing 200 tribals and injuring 600.
What was Saragarhi, and why was it important?
Saragarhi was the communication tower between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan.
The two forts in the rugged North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), now in Pakistan. were built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh but renamed by the British.
Though Saragarhi was usually manned by a platoon of 40 soldiers, on that fateful day, it was being held by only 21 soldiers from 36th Sikh (now 4 Sikh) and a non-combatant called Daad, a Pashtun who did odd jobs for the troops.
Saragarhi helped to link up the two important forts which housed a large number of British troops in the rugged terrain of NWFP.
Fort Lockhart was also home to families of British officers.
What transpired on that day?
Around 9 am that day, the sentry at Saragarhi saw a thick haze of dust and soon realized that it was caused by a large army of tribals marching towards the fort.
The 8,000 and 15,000 tribals wanted to isolate the two forts by cutting off the lines of communication between them.
Unfortunately, the Pathans had cut the supply route between Fort Lockhart and Saragarhi.
Who was Havildar Ishar Singh who led the troops?
Havildar Ishar Singh was born in a village near Jagraon.
He joined the Punjab Frontier Force in his late teens after which he spent most of his time on various battlefields.
Soon after it was raised in 1887, Ishar was drafted into the 36th Sikhs.
He was in his early 40s when he was given independent command of the Saragarhi post.
Ishar Singh was quite a maverick who dared to disobey his superiors but he was loved by his men for whom he was always ready to go out on a limb.
How was the news of the battle received in Britain?
Making a departure from the tradition of not giving gallantry medals posthumously, Queen Victoria awarded the 21 dead soldiers — leaving out the non-combatant/
They were awarded the Indian Order of Merit (comparable with the Victoria Cross) along with two ‘marabas’ (50 acres) and Rs 500 each.
How are the slain soldiers remembered?
In 2017, the Punjab government decided to observe Saragarhi Day on September 12 as a holiday.
Even today the Khyber Scouts regiment of the Pakistani army mounts a guard and salutes the Saragarhi memorial close to Fort Lockhart.
A carbon dating analysis of rice with soil, found in a burial urn at Sivakalai in Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu has yielded the date of 1155 BC, indicating that the Thamirabarani civilization dates back to 3,200 years.
About Thamirabarani River
The Thamirabarani or Tamraparni or Porunai is a perennial river that originates from the Agastyarkoodam peak of the Pothigai hills of the Western Ghats.
It flows through the Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts of the Tamil Nadu state of southern India into the Gulf of Mannar.
It was called the Tamraparni River in the pre-classical period, a name it lent to the island of Sri Lanka.
The old Tamil name of the river is Porunai.
Its history
Its many name derivations of Tan Porunai include Tampraparani, Tamirabarni, Tamiravaruni.
Tan Porunai nathi finds mention by classical Tamil poets in ancient Sangam Tamil literature Purananuru.
Recognised as a holy river in Sanskrit literature Puranas, Mahabharata and Ramayana, the river was famed in the Early Pandyan Kingdom for its pearl and conch fisheries and trade.
The movement of people, including the faithful, trade merchants and toddy tapers from Tamraparni river to northwestern Sri Lanka led to the shared appellation of the name for the closely connected region.
One important historical document on the river is the treatise Tamraparni Mahatmyam.
It has many ancient temples along its banks. A hamlet known as Appankoil is located on the northern side of the river.
Significance of the carbon dating
This has provided evidence that there was a city civilisation in south India as long back as 3,200 years ago, the later part of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
Vicinity to the ancient port of Muziris, now known as Pattanam, in Kerala add another significance to the trade history of this site.
Now, research would be conducted at Quseir al-Qadim and Pernica Anekke in Egypt, which were once part of the Roman empire, as well as in Khor Rori in Oman, to establish the Tamils’ trade relations with these countries.
Potsherds bearing Tamil scripts have been found in these countries.
Studies would also be conducted in Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam, where King Rajendra Chola had established supremacy.
Banking is considered to be the “Backbone of a Nation’s Economy”. It is the most leading part of the financial sector of the country as it is responsible for more than 70% of the funds that flow through the financial sector in the country.
Indian banking was more or less turned into a tool of state policy by bank nationalization in 1969. While our 1991 reforms did decentralize the allocation of capital overall, lending India’s economy some efficiency, the Centre retained much of its command of credit flows.
PSU banks are under dual control, with the RBI supervising the banking operations and the Finance Ministry handling ownership issues. Many committees had proposed bringing down the government stake in public banks below 51% — the Narasimham Committee proposed 33% and the P J Nayak Committee suggested below 50%.
Timeline of Structural and Technological Developments in the Banking Sector in India:
1955: SBI Act passed and Imperial Bank of India became State Bank of India 1959: State Bank of India (subsidiary banks) Act passed to create subsidiaries of SBI 1969: The government nationalized 14 major commercial banks 1975: Regional Rural Bank was conceptualized to serve the rural population 1987: HSBC first introduced ATM kiosk in Mumbai 1996: Local Area Banks were set up in the Union Budget to mobilize rural savings. 1991: Licenses given to 11 Private Sector Banks 1994: ICICI bank introduced net banking for retail customers in India 2000: Introduction of ATMs in India through countrywide BANCS network 2006: Cash Deposit Machines first introduced in India by ICICI bank, starting from western India 2008: Mobile banking through Mobile Apps introduced, pioneered by ICICI bank 2010: Cheque Truncation System (CTS) introduced, it eliminated a lot of paper and reduced cheque clearing time to a minimum 2014: Automatic Passbook Printing machines introduced in India 2015: Payments banks were given license to operate in India 2016: Prime Minister announced demonetization of Rs. 1,000/- and Rs. 500/- currency notes, led to a forced yet phenomenal increase in the use of non-cash i.e. electronic payments. 2017: EMV chip cards made mandatory in ATM-cum-Debit cards to enhance security.
Banking System in India
Importance of Private Sector Banks
The private sector banks play a vital role in the Indian economy. They indirectly motivate the public sector banks by offering healthy competition.
Professional Management: The private sector banks help in introducing a high degree of professional management and marketing concept into banking. It helps the public sector banks as well to develop similar skills and technology.
Creates Healthy Competition: The private sector banks provide a healthy competition on general efficiency levels in the banking system.
Attracts Foreign Direct Investment: The private sector banks especially the foreign banks have much influence on the foreign investment in the country.
Access to Foreign Capital Markets: The foreign banks in the private sector help the Indian companies and the government agencies to meet their financial requirements from international capital markets.
Innovation in the Banking Sector: The private sector banks are always trying to innovate new product avenues (new schemes, services, etc.) and make the industries achieve expertise in their respective fields by offering quality service and guidance. This helps the public at large and they have a range of options to choose between.
Introduction of new technology: With innovations comes new technologies in the banking sector and they lead the other banks in various new fields. For example, introduction of computerized operations, credit card business, ATM service, etc
What is the government plan on the Privatization of PSBs?
During Union Budget 2020-21 presentations, the government announced a new policy for strategic disinvestment of public sector enterprises. This policy provides a clear roadmap for disinvestment in all non-strategic and strategic sectors.
The Banking Sector falls under the strategic sector. The government aims to keep a bare minimum presence in the strategic sector.
In 2019, after a massive consolidation exercise, the no. of PSBs reduced from 28 to 12. Recently the NITI Aayog consolidation plan left 6 PSBs out of the Privatization plan.
The NITI Aayog suggested privatizing all the PSBs except the SBI, Union Bank, Punjab National Bank, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and Bank of Baroda.
Further, the government also decided to perform privatization of two PSBs in the next fiscal year.
Nationalization and Equitable growth
Nationalization helped in promoting more equitable regional growth, and this is evident from RBI data.
There were only 1,833 bank branches in rural areas in the country in 1969, which increased to 33,004 by 1995 and continued to grow over the next decades.
Banking services also reduced the dependence on moneylenders in rural regions.
Nationalized banking improved the working conditions of employees in the banking sector, as the state ensured higher wages, security of services, and other fringe benefits.
As an institution, PSBs are vehicles of the Indian economy’s growth and development, and they have become the trustees of people’s savings and confidence.
The PSBs played a huge role in making the country self-sufficient by supporting the green, blue, and dairy revolutions.
They have also contributed significantly to infrastructural development.
The PSBs pioneered the concept of ‘priority sector lending. This provided credit to certain priority sectors which were earlier deprived of credit such as housing, etc.
The Differential Rate of Interest (DRI) loans are the brainchild of public sector banking. Under this poorest section of people will receive the loan at a very marginal interest rate.
The PSBs extended loans to women’s self-help groups under various programs. This contributed to women’s empowerment in India.
PSBs also funded rural infrastructure projects through the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund.
The PSBs provided access to a formal banking network for all and facilitated financial inclusion in India.
Democratization of Banking: Before nationalization, banks had been lending 67% of their funds to industry and virtually nothing to agriculture.
Also, the commercial banks couldn’t lend money to farmers because they were only present in less than 1% of villages.
Farmers were unable to get bank loans just when the Green Revolution was getting underway and they needed credit to buy the expensive inputs required to increase output.
Thus, nationalizing banks helped in the democratization of banking services of the masses.
Reasons for Privatizing Public Sector Banks
Increasing NPAs: RBI data shows that that 9.3 per cent of the industry loan book for private sector banks was stressed by March 2017, as opposed to 28.8 per cent for PSBs.
As of end-March 2016, RBI data showed that public sector lenders accounted for over 90 per cent of the Rs. 5.5 lakh crore gross NPAs with banks.
Poor Lending: PSBs have been criticized for poor lending decisions, inadequate risk controls, and bad governance.
Previous reform measures have not yielded results: Years of capital injections and governance reforms have not been able to improve the financial position of in public sector banks significantly.
Many of them have higher levels of stressed assets than private banks, and also lag the latter on profitability, market capitalization and dividend payment record.
Aligned with Long Term Goal: Privatization public sector banks will set the ball rolling for a long-term project that envisages only a handful of state-owned banks, with the rest either consolidated with strong banks or privatized.
Reduces Government Burden: Privatization will free up the government, the majority owner, from continuing to provide equity support to the banks year after year.
The government front-loaded Rs 70,000 crore into government-run banks in September 2019, Rs 80,000 crore in in FY18, and Rs 1.06 lakh crore in FY19 through recapitalization bonds.
It will be another step towards reducing the fiscal deficit and financing revenue expenditure through revenue receipts in the long term.
Rationalization of Banks in Post-COVID Scenario: After the Covid-related regulatory relaxations are lifted, banks are expected to report higher NPAs and loan losses.
This would mean the government would again need to inject equity into weak public sector banks. The government is trying to strengthen the strong banks and also minimize their numbers through privatization.
Changed Approach to Financial Sector Problems: Privatization and proposal of setting up an asset reconstruction company entirely owned by banks, underline an approach of finding market-led solutions to challenges in the financial sector.
Private Participation promotes innovation in market: Private Banks’ market share in loans has risen to 36% in 2020 from 21.26% in 2015, while public sector banks’ share has fallen to 59.8% from 74.28%. They have expanded the market share through new innovative products, latest technology, and better services.
Efficiency, financial prudence and governance: There is a belief that the public sector equates to inefficiency and corruption, while private ownership automatically brings with it efficiency, financial prudence and governance.
Also, privatizing a few loss-making PSBs will ensure that market discipline forces them to rectify their strategy, and this will have a ripple effect on other PSBs.
Better financial performance is ensured when a strong financial institution is involved as a significant shareholder in privatization.
What factors aggravated NPAs in PSBs?
During high growth period, FY07 to FY12, corporate groups has invested in mega projects in power, metals and infrastructure. They were funded by domestic banks.
By FY13, with regulatory hurdles hitting some projects and scams stalling others, many projects failed to take off and these groups landed in a classic debt trap.
Many companies took on more loans to manage their debts, which eventually turned into NPAs.
Which in turn took on a five-fold expansion in their aggregate debt from Rs. 1 lakh crore to Rs. 5.5 lakh crore (present value of NPAs).
Many PSBs chairman were given high political pressures to sanction loans to the companies which were favorable to politicians.
Factors against Privatization of PSBs
Undermining Social Welfare: Public banks open branches, ATMs, banking facilities, etc even in the non-profitable rural areas of India or the poorer sides where the possibility of getting big deposits or making money is less.
However, Private Banks are not inclined to do so and they may prefer opening such facilities mostly in megacities or urban areas.
If the corporate sector is allowed to dominate banking again, profit will become the prime motive rather than the desire to serve the public.
The government will have difficulty in providing low-cost financial services to rural and poor sections of society as the private may not like to extend its services to them.
International Precedent: Most East Asian success stories have been underpinned by financial systems effectively controlled by governments.
On the other hand, the governments of western countries, where banking is largely in the hands of the private sector, have had to rescue private banks from bankruptcy.
The past history of private sector banks tells the failure. Before 1969, all banks, except the SBI, were in the private sector. Between 1947 and 1969, 559 banks failed.
This would totally defeat the idea of inclusive banking as it is practiced now and was the guiding principle at the time of the nationalization of banks.
Public sector banks are created out of public money. These entities are therefore duty-bound to extend all types of services to customers across categories. Privatization will impact this very root purpose.
Way forward
We need a broad set of actions, some immediate and others over the medium-term and aimed at preventing the recurrence of such crises. Wholesale privatization of PSBs is thus not the answer to a complex problem.
Overall risk management at PSBs needs to be taken to a higher level. This certainly requires the strengthening of PSB boards. We need to induct more high-quality professionals on PSB boards and compensate them better.
In the case of banking, what is needed is increased autonomy for state-backed banks and strict regulatory oversight by the banking supervisor.
The boards of state-backed banks should be independent of political influence.
Managers should be held accountable for operational performance and there should be constant monitoring of targets, risk assessment, and credit controls.
The clean-up of bank balance sheets and the overhaul of India’s archaic insolvency law are steps in the right direction, but they will only bear fruit if accompanied by improved governance and regulation.
The Privatization of PSBs is not going to be easy, as it would involve building consensus amongst various stakeholders, including unions and parliamentarians. Further, Bank privatization, without strengthening regulatory controls and improving governance, won’t prevent fraud or curtail undue exposure to risk.
Conclusion
Privatization of banks is not a remedy to all solutions. With steps like Privatization of Banks, the Government should also focus on comprehensive governance reforms, resolution of NPAs, and creating a free market so that investment can be reinvigorated and wheels of the economy can again get back on track. Even though private sector banks have better balance sheets than PSBs, it is very important to consider that Privatization alone would not solve all of the problems faced by the sector. A better solution than privatization may well be giving PSBs autonomy to reform themselves and function free of political interference.
Most people give up just when they’re about to achieve success. And this holds true for Civil Services Aspirants. Most of you are in that last-minute hustle for the upcoming prelims examinations for UPSC Civil Services as well as UPPSC Upper Subordinate Examinations (popularly called UPPCS Exam!). And in this time, getting nervous or losing track of your hard work for the last 12-18 months is quite natural. But do not get bogged down with these examinations. Let’s get on a webinar together, this Sunday, to allay these fears and nervousness and get your preparation back on track.
Parth Verma is a senior faculty of Civilsdaily and for the last 3 and half years, he is actively engaged with team CD in all verticals. He has given all 6 UPSC Mains, always clearing Prelims with a score of more than 135+ marks. He has also given 2 UPPCS Interviews and 4 UPPCS Mains and has scored one of the highest marks in UPPCS 2018 Interviews.
Most people give up just when they’re about to achieve success. And this holds true for Civil Services Aspirants. Most of you are in that last-minute hustle for the upcoming prelims examinations for UPSC Civil Services as well as UPPSC Upper Subordinate Examinations (popularly called UPPCS Exam!). And in this time, getting nervous or losing track of your hard work for the last 12-18 months is quite natural. But do not get bogged down with these examinations. Let’s get on a webinar together, this Sunday, to allay these fears and nervousness and get your preparation back on track.
Parth Verma is a senior faculty of Civilsdaily and for the last 3 and half years, he is actively engaged with team CD in all verticals. He has given all 6 UPSC Mains, always clearing Prelims with a score of more than 135+ marks. He has also given 2 UPPCS Interviews and 4 UPPCS Mains and has scored one of the highest marks in UPPCS 2018 Interviews.
“Judiciary-Executive Clash Over Supremacy from 1947 Till Today“
In the Second Episode of The Overlooked Series, Sajal sir and Sudhanshu sir will look into the tussle between Executive and Judiciary since independence. They will discuss about the origin of the dispute and look into specific cases such as “Sankari Prasad” case, “Patanjali Sastry” case, “A N Ray” case, “H R Khanna” case, etc.
Please fill this form if you want to connect with Sajal sir or Sudhanshu sir:–
Most people give up just when they’re about to achieve success. And this holds true for Civil Services Aspirants. Most of you are in that last-minute hustle for the upcoming prelims examinations for UPSC Civil Services as well as UPPSC Upper Subordinate Examinations (popularly called UPPCS Exam!). And in this time, getting nervous or losing track of your hard work for the last 12-18 months is quite natural. But do not get bogged down with these examinations. Let’s get on a webinar together, this Sunday, to allay these fears and nervousness and get your preparation back on track.
Parth Verma is a senior faculty of Civilsdaily and for the last 3 and half years, he is actively engaged with team CD in all verticals. He has given all 6 UPSC Mains, always clearing Prelims with a score of more than 135+ marks. He has also given 2 UPPCS Interviews and 4 UPPCS Mains and has scored one of the highest marks in UPPCS 2018 Interviews.
Maintaining consistency is one of the biggest issues faced by IAS Aspirants. Streak’s initiative is to help Aspirants in their day-to-day preparation. You can follow the monthly, weekly, and daily timetables and continue this streak until you find yourself on the final list.
Daily Study Plan with Answer Writing Challenge || STREAK FREE INITIATIVE FOR UPSC IAS – by Ravi Ranjan
UPSC PRELIMS-2021 || Current Affairs Based Most Probable Questions on Polity – by Sukanya Rana
Q1) Consider the following statements with respective to Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Rules 2020
Under the Rules, an application to declare gender is to be made to the District Magistrate.
Under the rules transgender persons needs to go through a medical examination for declaring their desired sex.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
Q2) Consider the following statements with respective to Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council
The members of the council are elected and have executive powers over the allotment, use and occupation of land vested in them by the Centre.
The AHDCs have the powers to collect some local taxes, such as parking fees, taxes on shops etc.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
Q3) Consider the following statements
Appointments and promotions of district judges in any State shall be made by the Governor of the State in consultation with the High Court.
Parliament is empowered to make laws for the creation of one or more All-India Services, including an All India Judicial Service (AIJS).
All India Judicial Service (AIJS) shall not include any post inferior to that of a district judge.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
Q4) In India, the Ministries/Departments of the Government are created by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister under which of the following?
a. Article 75 of Indian Constitution
b. The Representation of Peoples Act, 1951
c. Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961
d. Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha
Q5) Consider the following statements with respective to Tele-Law programme
It was launched by the Ministry of Law and Justice in collaboration with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
It aims to address cases at the pre– litigation stage and free for those who are eligible for free legal Aid.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
UPSC PRELIMS-2021 || Most Probable Questions on Polity – by Santosh Gupta
Q1) Consider the following statements
The conditions of service and tenure of office of the election commissioners and the regional commissioners shall be determined by the president.
They hold office for a term of six years or until they attain the age of 60 years, whichever is earlier.
The Constitution has debarred the retiring election commissioners from any further appointment by the government.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. All of them
Q2) Consider the following statements
The President can remove the chairman or any other member of UPSC on grounds of misbehavior after referring the matter to the Supreme Court.
The term misbehavior, however, has not been defined in the Constitution and has been left to the discretion of the President.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None of them
Q3) Consider the following statements about Finance Commission
It is a permanent quasi judicial body constituted by the president of India
The members of the Finance Commission are not eligible for reappointment.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 AND 2
d. None of them
Q4) Which of the following statements regarding CAG of India is/are correct?
The CAG is appointed by the president of India by a warrant under his hand and seal.
He holds office for a period of six years or upto the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
He holds office during the pleasure of the president as he is appointed by him.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 AND 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. All of them
Q5) Consider the following statements
The Attorney General (AG) is appointed by the president and he must be a person who is qualified to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court.
The term of office of the AG is 5 years.
He holds office during the pleasure of the president.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. All of them
Daily Dose: Complete Snapshots of Everyday News – by Shweta Mishra
