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Supreme Court reserves verdict on defining Aravalli Hills and Ranges

Why in the News? The Supreme Court has reserved its verdict on the definition of the Aravalli Hills and Ranges, a critical environmental issue impacting Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. About the Aravallis: Geology: The Aravalli Range is one of the oldest fold mountain ranges in the world, formed during the Proterozoic era. Spread: It… Continue reading Supreme Court reserves verdict on defining Aravalli Hills and Ranges

New Royalty Rates of Critical Minerals

Why in the News? The Union Cabinet approved the rationalisation of royalty rates for graphite, caesium, rubidium, and zirconium to strengthen India’s domestic mineral base and reduce import dependency. About the New Royalty Rates: The Union Cabinet has approved revised ad valorem royalty rates (percentage of average sale price) for four key minerals- graphite, caesium,… Continue reading New Royalty Rates of Critical Minerals

Climate Risk Index (CRI) 2026

Why in the News? A new German watch report, ‘Climate Risk Index 2026’, reveals worldwide extreme weather claimed over 8lakh lives between 1995-2024. About the Climate Risk Index (CRI), 2026: Publisher: Released annually by Germanwatch to rank countries based on the real, observed human and economic impacts of extreme weather events. Focus: Measures actual climate… Continue reading Climate Risk Index (CRI) 2026

[12th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Exploited workers, a labour policy’s empty promises

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2024] Discuss the merits and demerits of the four ‘Labour Codes’ in the context of labour market reforms in India. What has been the progress so far in this regard? Linkage: Building directly on the same reform trajectory, the draft Shram Shakti Niti 2025 extends the labour codes’ framework of ease of… Continue reading [12th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Exploited workers, a labour policy’s empty promises

Discord between Supreme Court and Centre over tribunals

Introduction Tribunals were established to reduce case pendency and offer specialized adjudication. However, the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021 and earlier ordinances have led to repeated confrontations between the judiciary and the executive. The heart of the issue is who controls tribunal appointments, tenure, and conditions of service, key determinants of their independence. Why in the… Continue reading Discord between Supreme Court and Centre over tribunals

​Fishing troubles: On India, Sri Lanka, the Palk Bay fishing issue

Introduction The Palk Bay, a narrow strip separating Tamil Nadu from Sri Lanka, has historically been a shared fishing zone. However, repeated arrests of Indian fishermen for crossing the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL) underline a persistent challenge. Bottom trawling, a destructive fishing practice, has been the core issue fueling ecological degradation, diplomatic tension, and… Continue reading ​Fishing troubles: On India, Sri Lanka, the Palk Bay fishing issue

What is the Rare Earth Hypothesis?

Why in the News? This newscard is an excerpt from the original article published in The Hindu. What is the Rare Earth Hypothesis? About: Proposed by Peter Ward (palaeontologist) and Donald Brownlee (astronomer) in 2000, it suggests that simple life (like microbes) may be common, but complex life (like plants and animals) is extremely rare… Continue reading What is the Rare Earth Hypothesis?

[pib] India’s First MWh-Scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery at NTPC NETRA 

Why in the News? The Union Ministry of Power has inaugurated India’s largest and first MWh-scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) of 3 MWh capacity at NETRA, NTPC’s R&D Centre in Greater Noida. About the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB): Overview: A rechargeable flow battery that stores energy in liquid electrolytes containing vanadium ions in… Continue reading [pib] India’s First MWh-Scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery at NTPC NETRA 

[PDF] UPSC Mains Results Announced

Dear all, It’s a moment of immense pride for us. We will not just share the names and numbers. We will walk you through each student’s journey: how their days, months looked like. the number of calls made, the milestones achieved, and the challenges they overcame.

[11th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: A celebration of India-Bhutan ties

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2024] Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and energy flows. Further, also discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition. Linkage: This PYQ reflects the same strategic framework as India-Bhutan relations; where geography, stability, and mutual… Continue reading [11th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: A celebration of India-Bhutan ties

Clean air is not a privilege: Right to life begins with right to breathe

Introduction Clean air is the first vaccine every child deserves. Yet, Delhi’s smog-choked skies and the government’s mechanical emergency responses have normalized a crisis that is eroding the right to life. The article captures how the denial, data manipulation, and ritualized policy measures have made air pollution a silent epidemic. It emphasizes that the right… Continue reading Clean air is not a privilege: Right to life begins with right to breathe

We need to move from a caste census with a capital C to one with a small c

Introduction The government’s announcement of a caste census has reignited the social justice debate. After decades of delay, the exercise promises to redefine India’s path toward equality. However, scholars like Anand Teltumbde and sociologist Trina Vithayathil caution that unless thoughtfully designed, the census could become a token gesture perpetuating caste divisions instead of dismantling them.… Continue reading We need to move from a caste census with a capital C to one with a small c

Integrity Matters Checklist for Net-Zero Alignment

Why in the News? The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), in collaboration with the United Nations, has introduced the Integrity Matters Checklist to help companies and investors align their climate disclosures with the UN’s net-zero integrity standards. About the Integrity Matters Checklist: Overview: Created by the GRI in collaboration with the United Nations. Purpose: Helps companies… Continue reading Integrity Matters Checklist for Net-Zero Alignment

Altermagnetism emerges as a new class of Magnetic Order

Why in the News? Scientists discovered a new type of magnetism called altermagnetism, confirmed in 2024, which combines features of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. What is Altermagnetism? Overview: A new form of magnetism discovered in 2019 and proven experimentally in 2024; combines traits of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. Mechanism: Atoms have opposite (antiparallel) spins like in antiferromagnets,… Continue reading Altermagnetism emerges as a new class of Magnetic Order

Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) onboard Aditya-L1

Why in the News? Scientists at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), in collaboration with NASA, have made the first spectroscopic observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) in the visible wavelength range, using the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) aboard Aditya-L1. About Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC): Overview: The VELC is the primary scientific… Continue reading Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) onboard Aditya-L1

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