A global medical consensus led by Monash University renamed Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) as Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) to better reflect its multisystem nature.
What is PMOS?
PMOS is a hormonal, metabolic, and reproductive disorder affecting women of reproductive age.
It involves:
Excess androgen production
Irregular ovulation
Metabolic dysfunction
Psychological and skin-related symptoms
Full Form of PMOS
Polyendocrine: Multiple hormonal systems affected
Metabolic: Linked with diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance
Ovarian: Reproductive involvement
Syndrome: Group of symptoms
Why Was PCOS Renamed?
The term “PCOS” focused mainly on ovaries and “cysts”.
Experts noted that the condition also involves:
Hormonal imbalance
Metabolic disorders
Endocrine complications
Major Features of PMOS
Metabolic Features
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
Fatty liver disease (MASLD)
Reproductive Features
Irregular periods
Infertility
Ovulation problems
Pregnancy complications
Psychological Features
Depression
Anxiety
Eating disorders
Dermatological Features
Acne
Facial hair growth
Hair thinning
Importance for India
Estimated prevalence in India: 16% to 18%
Indians have higher risk of:
Diabetes
Heart disease
Insulin resistance
[2024] Which one of the following is synthesised in human body that dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow [A] Nitric oxide [B] Nitrous oxide [C] Nitrogen dioxide [D] Nitrogen pentoxide
The Xi-Trump (China-USA) summit in Beijing (2026) has become geopolitically important as the U.S. faces growing difficulty in managing its confrontation with Iran. The conflict has become costly, unpopular, and difficult to resolve, pushing Washington to explore China’s help for a diplomatic exit. This marks a major shift from earlier U.S. resistance to China’s rise and resembles the 1972 Nixon-China diplomatic opening, where strategic cooperation helped solve larger geopolitical problems.
Why is the Xi-Trump summit being compared to the 1972 Nixon-China breakthrough?
Historical Parallel: The summit is compared with the 1972 Nixon-Mao meeting, which fundamentally altered Cold War geopolitics and enabled U.S.-China normalization.
Strategic Bargaining: The 1972 summit involved reciprocal concessions, including U.S. recognition of the People’s Republic of China and downgrading Taiwan’s status in exchange for strategic cooperation.
Current Context: Present negotiations similarly indicate transactional diplomacy, where Chinese cooperation on Iran could be exchanged for concessions on tariffs, technology restrictions, or Taiwan.
Geopolitical Reordering: The summit may redefine strategic alignments amid intensifying great-power competition and regional instability in West Asia.
How has the Iran crisis emerged as the central issue in the U.S.-China diplomacy?
Strategic Deadlock: The U.S. seeks an exit from an increasingly costly and unpopular confrontation with Iran without appearing strategically weak.
Hormuz Leverage: Iran retains strategic influence through the Strait of Hormuz, through which nearly 20% of global crude oil trade passes, creating risks of global energy disruption.
Military Asymmetry: Iran has adopted asymmetric tactics instead of direct military confrontation. This increases costs for adversaries while avoiding conventional escalation.
Domestic Political Pressure: The inability of the U.S. administration to secure a decisive outcome risks political consequences during domestic electoral cycles.
Why has China emerged as Iran’s principal strategic anchor?
Energy Dependence: China purchases more than 80% of Iranian oil exports, estimated at nearly $45 billion in 2025, making it Tehran’s largest economic partner.
Trade Connectivity: Bilateral trade between China and Iran exceeds $9 billion, including dependence on Chinese industrial and technological inputs.
Diplomatic Engagement: Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi visited Beijing for consultations, signalling China’s increasing diplomatic role.
Strategic Shielding: China, alongside Russia, has resisted Western-led pressure, including opposition to the U.S.-backed resolutions in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).
How has Iran responded to American pressure and negotiations?
Negotiation Breakdown: Iran reportedly rejected a U.S. proposal after prolonged negotiations, indicating declining trust between Washington and Tehran.
Escalatory Risks: The U.S. military option remains constrained due to fears of wider regional destabilisation and concerns over legal authorisation under the War Powers Act.
Expanded Demands: Iran has reportedly increased demands involving security guarantees, sanctions relief, release of frozen assets, closure of U.S. military bases, and ceasefires in regional conflict zones.
Strategic Confidence: Iran’s ability to sustain pressure despite sanctions reflects its confidence in alternative partnerships, particularly with China and Russia.
Can China realistically mediate between the United States and Iran?
Mediator Role: China possesses leverage due to its economic dependence relationship with Iran and growing diplomatic acceptance in West Asia.
Transactional Diplomacy: Beijing may seek concessions on bilateral issues such as tariffs, sanctions, technology controls, and Taiwan in return for diplomatic assistance.
Regional Stability Interest: Sustained conflict threatens Chinese energy security through rising oil prices and disruption of Gulf maritime routes.
Calculated Neutrality: China may prefer limited mediation rather than deep intervention, preserving relations with all regional actors.
What are the larger geopolitical implications of the summit?
Great Power Politics: The summit reflects increasing interdependence between geopolitical rivals despite strategic competition.
Multipolar Transition: China’s expanding diplomatic role indicates a gradual movement toward a more multipolar global order.
Energy Security Risks: Prolonged instability in West Asia threatens global oil prices and maritime trade.
Institutional Contestation: Divergence in the UNSC demonstrates weakening consensus among major powers on conflict resolution.
Conclusion
The Xi-Trump summit highlights the intersection of regional crises and great-power diplomacy. Iran has evolved from a regional security issue into a strategic bargaining chip in U.S.-China relations. Any durable resolution will depend on balancing coercive diplomacy with negotiated settlements while ensuring regional stability and uninterrupted energy flows.
PYQ Relevance
[UPSC 2018] In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to this situation?
Linkage: The rising U.S.-Iran tensions have their impact on global oil supply, regional stability, and diplomacy. The PYQ links directly to India’s energy security, West Asia policy, and strategic balancing amid great-power rivalry
India’s agricultural exports recorded growth in 2025-26 despite higher tariff barriers imposed by the United States. This assumes importance because farm exports grew even when tariffs were raised sharply from 10% to 25% and then to 50% within months.
How has India’s agricultural trade performed amid U.S. tariff pressures?
Export Growth: Agricultural exports increased by 2.3% year-on-year, reaching $53.13 billion in 2025-26, marginally below the all-time high of $53.2 billion in 2022-23.
Trade Resilience: Overall exports rose 0.9% to $441.7 billion, despite aggressive tariff increases by the U.S. administration.
Tariff Escalation: The U.S. increased tariffs from 10% (February 10) to 25% (August 7) and later 50% (August 27), creating major trade uncertainty.
Comparative Contrast: Contrary to expectations of export contraction under higher tariffs, India sustained agricultural export growth through diversification.
Trade Balance: Agricultural trade surplus narrowed over time, despite remaining positive, due to increasing imports.
Why were Indian agricultural exports able to withstand U.S. tariff shocks?
Market Diversification: Exporters reduced excessive dependence on the U.S. market and expanded into Vietnam, UAE, Japan, Belgium, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Bangladesh.
Commodity Diversification: Growth shifted toward high-performing sectors such as marine products, buffalo meat, coffee and basmati rice, reducing concentration risks.
Demand Expansion: Alternative markets compensated for reduced U.S. demand through higher shipments.
Competitive Pricing: India retained export competitiveness in labour-intensive and agro-processing sectors.
Supply Flexibility: Exporters redirected shipments geographically instead of relying on one dominant market.
Alternative Markets: Exports expanded to China ($1.2 billion), Vietnam ($881.8 million), Japan ($408.5 million) and Belgium ($225.3 million).
Frozen Shrimp Diversification: Exporters offset reduced U.S. demand through shipments to alternative destinations.
Why did buffalo meat exports rise significantly?
Export Surge: Buffalo meat exports increased 25.6%, touching a record $5.1 billion, surpassing the previous peak of $4.8 billion (2014-15).
Major Markets: Key destinations included Vietnam ($740.8 million), Egypt ($656.1 million), UAE ($300.4 million) and Saudi Arabia ($317.6 million).
Volume Growth: Exports rose from 1.2 lakh tonnes (2024-25) to 14.2 lakh tonnes (2025-26).
How has India emerged as a stronger coffee exporter?
Coffee Boom: Coffee exports crossed the $2 billion mark for the first time in 2025-26.
Structural Driver: High global coffee prices and supply disruptions in major producers such as Brazil and Vietnam increased India’s competitiveness.
Export Destinations: Major buyers included Italy, Germany, Russia, UAE and Belgium.
What explains growth in basmati rice and processed foods?
Basmati Exports: Basmati rice exports increased from $337.1 million to $285.9 million(decline in U.S. market but overall diversification sustained demand).
Processed Foods: Processed fruits and vegetables exports expanded due to rising international demand.
Fresh Produce: Exports of grapes, pomegranates, mangoes, bananas, onions and vegetables reached record levels.
Why do edible oil imports remain structurally high?
Import Dependence: Vegetable oil imports reached a record $19.56 billion, despite declining volumes.
Domestic Deficit: India imports nearly 40% of edible oil consumption, exposing vulnerability in oilseed production.
Top Imports: Major imports included palm oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil.
Why has cotton turned from an export to an import commodity?
Import Surge: Cotton imports rose due to domestic shortages and absence of new yield-enhancing technologies.
Export Decline: Cotton shifted from a traditional export commodity toward higher import dependence.
What trends are visible in fruit and pulse imports?
Fresh Fruits: Imports rose to $3.5 billion, including apples, kiwis, grapes, pears and dates.
Pulses: Imports increased because of domestic supply shortfalls and consumption demand.
Nutritional Demand: Rising incomes contributed to diversified food demand.
Does India’s agricultural trade surplus remain sustainable?
India’s agricultural trade surplus faces critical sustainability risks despite remaining positive at $12.7 billion in 2025-26.
Trade Surplus: India continues to remain a net agricultural exporter.
Aggressive Structural Erosion: Agricultural trade surplus declined from $27.7 billion (2013-14) to $12.7 billion (2025-26).
Import Growth: Faster growth in edible oil, cotton and fruit imports reduced net gains.
The Forex Drain: High-volume imports of edible oils ($19.5B) and pulses ($3.6B) create an structural annual drag of $23.1 billion.
Weak Import Substitution: Domestic policy interventions have failed to scale local oilseed and pulse production to displace international imports.
What are the broader economic and policy implications?
Export Diversification: Reduces overdependence on single-country markets and strengthens trade resilience.
Food Processing: Expands value-added exports and rural employment.
MSP and Competitiveness: Balances domestic food security with export competitiveness.
Oilseed Mission: Necessitates domestic edible oil production reforms.
Technology Adoption: Requires improved cotton productivity and climate-resilient farming.
Trade Diplomacy: Strengthens India’s negotiating position amid rising global protectionism.
Conclusion
India’s farm export resilience despite U.S. tariff escalation demonstrates the benefits of market diversification and commodity specialization. However, rising dependence on edible oils, cotton and select food imports highlights structural weaknesses in domestic agricultural productivity. A balanced strategy combining export competitiveness with import substitution and technological modernization remains essential for sustaining India’s agricultural trade surplus.
PYQ Relevance
[UPSC 2018] How would the recent phenomena of protectionism and currency manipulations in world trade affect macroeconomic stability of India?
Linkage: This article directly relates to global protectionism and tariff barriers, as India’s agricultural exports faced higher U.S. tariffs but remained resilient through diversification. It helps in understanding how trade shocks, export diversification and global market shifts affect India’s macroeconomic and agricultural stability.
India has doubled the effective import duty on gold and silver from nearly 9.2% to 18.4%. The decision came amid concerns over the impact of the West Asia crisis on India’s external sector and soon after the Prime Minister urged citizens to reduce gold purchases to conserve foreign exchange.
How has the government changed the import duty structure on gold and silver?
Customs Duty Revision: The government increased basic customs duty on gold and silver from 5% to 10%.
AIDC Increase: The Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess (AIDC) increased from 1% to 5%.
IGST Continuity: The Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) remains 3% on the assessable value.
Effective Tax Burden: The cumulative effective tax burden increased from around 9.2% to 18.4%, including customs duty, cess, insurance, freight cost, and IGST.
Immediate Implementation: The revised rates came into force through official notifications issued on 13 May, without prior consultation.
Why did the government increase import duty on precious metals?
The government increased the import duty on gold and silver to defend India’s macroeconomic balance against external shocks by prioritizing non-discretionary resource allocations.
Current Account Deficit (CAD): Reducing import volumes directly curbs the widening Current Account Deficit to keep the trade balance within sustainable limits.
Foreign Exchange Conservation: India aims to preserve forex reserves and rupee stability, especially amid geopolitical uncertainty.
West Asia Crisis: Regional instability threatens oil prices, logistics chains, and shipping routes, increasing vulnerability for a crude oil-import dependent economy.
Import Prioritisation: The government appears to prioritise foreign exchange for essential imports such as:
Crude Oil
Fertilisers
Industrial Raw Materials
Defence Requirements
Critical Technologies
Capital Goods
Demand Management: Gold is treated as a consumption and investment good, unlike strategic imports necessary for production.
Why are the gems and jewellery industry opposing the decision?
Export Cost Escalation: Exporters argue that expensive imported gold raises production costs, reducing competitiveness in international markets.
Working Capital Blockage: Exporters now face bank guarantees of ₹28-30 lakh per kg of duty-free gold, creating liquidity stress.
MSME Vulnerability:MSMEs constitute nearly 80% of Gems and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) membership, making the sector particularly vulnerable.
Employment Risks: Higher costs could reduce export orders and employment in a labour-intensive sector.
Export Disruption: Industry stakeholders warn of lower shipments during a period already marked by trade disruption due to the West Asia crisis.
Can higher import duties reduce gold imports effectively?
Historical Experience: India’s past experience indicates that higher gold tariffs often fail to proportionately reduce imports.
Persistent Demand: Cultural demand for gold in India remains high due to:
Marriage Expenditure
Household Savings
Investment Demand
Inflation Hedge
Price Transmission: Higher tariffs often increase domestic gold prices rather than reduce demand.
Import Resilience: Despite global gold prices doubling in recent years, imports have not fallen proportionately.
Limited Elasticity: Demand for gold in India demonstrates low price elasticity, limiting tariff effectiveness.
Does a higher duty increase smuggling and informal trade?
Smuggling Incentives: Large differences between domestic and international prices create incentives for illegal gold inflows.
Historical Precedent: India witnessed higher gold smuggling during earlier phases of elevated import duties.
Administrative Complexity: Multi-layered taxation may weaken transparency in customs administration.
What are the Policy Alternatives to Import Duty Hike?
Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS): Mobilises idle household gold through bank deposits, reducing dependence on fresh imports.
Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs): Provides gold-linked returns without physical purchase, lowering demand for imported gold.
Financial Savings Alternatives: Encourages investment in mutual funds, fixed deposits, equities, and pension schemes, reducing gold dependence as a savings tool.
Recycling of Domestic Gold: Strengthens refining and reuse of existing gold stock, reducing import needs.
Formalisation of Gold Trade: Improves hallmarking, digital tracking, and compliance, reducing smuggling and increasing tax collection.
Conclusion
The increase in gold and silver import duties shows India’s effort to protect foreign exchange reserves and manage external economic pressures during global uncertainty. However, past experience suggests that very high duties on gold may increase smuggling, disrupt markets, and hurt exports. A balanced approach, combining moderate tariffs with alternatives like digital or financial gold investments, may work better in the long run.
PYQ Relevance
[UPSC 2017] Account for the failure of the manufacturing sector in achieving the goal of labour-intensive exports rather than capital-intensive exports. Suggest measures for more labour-intensive rather than capital-intensive exports
Linkage: The article links directly to this PYQ because the gems and jewellery sector is a labour-intensive export industry, and higher gold import duties can reduce its global competitiveness. It also highlights the challenge of balancing trade policy with export growth and MSME employment.
During the Sabarimala Temple Entry Dispute review hearing, the Union government argued before the Supreme Court that all religious practices are presumed constitutionally protected unless they violate: Public order, Morality, and Health
The Centre also questioned the judicially evolved doctrine of “Essential Religious Practices” (ERP).
What is ERP?
The ERP doctrine was evolved by the Supreme Court to determine:
Which religious practices are “essential” to a religion
Only such essential practices receive constitutional protection
Centre’s Criticism of ERP Doctrine
The Centre argued:
The phrase “essential religious practices” does not appear in the Constitution.
It is a judicial innovation created through court interpretation.
According to the Centre:
Articles 25 and 26 should receive broad interpretation like other Fundamental Rights.
Courts should avoid excessive interference in religious matters.
Supreme Court’s Observations
Faith Beyond Rituals: Surya Kant observed:
One need not visit temples to be religious.
Even lighting a lamp in a hut can express faith.
Hinduism as a Way of Life: Justice B. V. Nagarathna remarked:
Hinduism is a “way of life”
It is not dependent solely on rituals or temple visits
Related Case Laws
Shirur Mutt Case
Origin of ERP doctrine
Court held religion includes essential practices
Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of Kerala
Allowed women of all ages entry into Sabarimala Temple
[2020] Consider the following statements: 1. The Constitution of India defines its ‘basic structure’ in terms of federalism, secularism, fundamental rights and democracy. 2. The Constitution of India provides for ‘judicial review’ to safeguard the citizens’ liberties and to preserve the ideals on which the Constitution is based. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) has installed a second Coastal Flood Monitoring System (CFMS) near Kollam Harbour to improve forecasting of ‘Kallakkadal’ or swell surge events along India’s southwest coast.
What is ‘Kallakkadal’?
“Kallakkadal” is a Malayalam term meaning: “Sea that comes stealthily”
It refers to:
Sudden high-energy swell surges
Coastal flooding without local storms or rainfall
Purpose
Improve accuracy of coastal flood forecasts
Study nearshore wave transformation
Build better early warning systems
About Coastal Flood Monitoring System (CFMS)
A scientific monitoring system developed by Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services for:
[2017] At one of the place in India, if you stand on the seashore and watch the sea, ‘you will find that the sea water recedes from the shore line a few kilometers and comes back to the shore, twice a day, and you can actually walk on the seafloor when the water recedes. This unique phenomenon is seen at a. Bhavnagar b. Bheemunipatnam c. Chandipur d. Nagapattinam
China, EU, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Türkiye, UK, US, Egypt
[2015] With reference to ‘Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC)’, Consider the following statements: 1. It was established very recently in response to incidents of piracy and accidents of oil spills 2. It is an alliance meant for maritime security only Which of the following statements given above is/are correct? [A] 1 only [B] 2 only [C] Both 1 and 2 [D] Neither 1 nor 2
The President of India conferred the National Florence Nightingale Awards 2026 on outstanding nursing professionals.
About the Award
Instituted in 1973.
Established by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
Recognises exceptional nursing services and contributions to public health.
Who Receives the Award?
The award is presented to:
Registered Nurses
Midwives
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs)
Lady Health Visitors (LHVs)
Serving in:
Central Government
State Governments
Union Territories
Voluntary organisations
Award Components
Each award includes:
Certificate of Merit
Medal
Cash prize of ₹1 lakh
Role of Nurses in Healthcare
Nurses play a vital role in:
Primary healthcare
Immunisation
Community outreach
Emergency care
About Florence Nightingale
English social reformer and statistician.
Known as the founder of modern nursing.
Gained prominence during the Crimean War by organising nursing care for wounded soldiers.
Professionalised nursing practice and introduced scientific healthcare methods.
Founded the Nightingale School of Nursing at St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, considered the world’s first scientifically based nursing school.
[2024] With reference to the ‘Pradhan Manti Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan’, consider the following statements: 1. This scheme guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services to women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy and six months post-delivery health care service in any government health facility. 2. Under this scheme, private sector health care providers of certain specialties can volunteer to provide service at nearby government health facilities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? [A] 1 only [B] 2 only [C] Both 1 and 2 [D] Neither 1 nor 2
Vijay won the confidence motion in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly with 144 votes, ensuring the survival of the TVK-led coalition government.
Key Highlights of the Floor Test
Confidence Motion Passed
The motion moved by Chief Minister Vijay received: 144 votes in favour
Supporting Parties
Indian National Congress
Communist Party of India
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
Indian Union Muslim League
25 rebel AIADMK MLAs
One AMMK MLA
Constitutional Significance of Floor Test
What is a Floor Test?: A mechanism to determine whether the government enjoys majority support in the legislature.
Conducted By: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
Constitutional Basis: Related to Article 164(2) of the Constitution:
Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly.
Anti-Defection Aspect
Relevant Provision: Tenth Schedule of the Constitution
Deals With
Defection by legislators
Violation of party whip
Possible Issue Ahead
Potential action against rebel AIADMK MLAs.
Note: In India, the office of the “whip” is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, the Rules of the House, or any parliamentary statute; rather, it is based on convention. However, the authority to issue whips and the consequences for defying them are legally upheld by the Tenth Schedule (Anti-Defection Law).
[2020] A Parliamentary System of Government is one in which a) All political parties in the Parliament are represented in the Government b) the Government is responsible to the Parliament and can be removed by it c) the Government is elected by the people and can be removed by them d) the Government is chosen by the Parliament but cannot be removed by it before completion of a fixed term
UPSC is no longer asking isolated factual questions. Whether it is Polity, Economy, Environment, Geography or International Relations Current Affairs now shapes almost every part of the paper.
The issue is not lack of reading. The issue is studying without direction.
Shikhar Sir, Faculty and Founder, Civilsdaily IAS
What You’ll Learn in This Session
1. Why Current Affairs Now Dominate UPSC Papers
I will break down how UPSC has evolved over the last few years:
Shift from factual recall to applied understanding
Increase in interdisciplinary questions
Why static only preparation is becoming less effective
How Current Affairs are influencing even static looking questions
You’ll understand why many aspirants feel shocked after the paper despite completing the syllabus.
2. The Difference Between Reading News & Preparing for UPSC
Most aspirants become passive consumers of information.
This session will explain:
What to read
What to skip
What deserves notes
What deserves revision
What is only noise
Because reading everything is not preparation. Filtering intelligently is.
3. How to Study Current Affairs Through Microthemes
This is where serious preparation begins.
You’ll learn:
What microthemes are
How toppers prepare subjects through interconnected themes
Why chapter wise reading is often insufficient
How one Current Affairs issue can connect with multiple GS topics
Example: A simple issue like inflation can connect to:
Monetary policy
RBI tools
Fiscal deficit
Food security
Agriculture
Global crude prices
Welfare economics
This is how UPSC expects aspirants to think.
4. Identifying High-Yield Current Affairs
Not every topic deserves equal attention.
You’ll learn how to identify:
Dead areas that rarely matter
High frequency recurring themes
Topics UPSC repeatedly revisits
Issues likely to become important due to recent developments
This section will help you reduce FOMO and focus on what actually matters.
5. Current Affairs Revision Strategy Before Prelims
Most aspirants read too much and revise too little.
This session will cover:
How to revise Current Affairs efficiently
The role of microtheme based revision
How to consolidate scattered notes
Last 60-day and last 15 day revision strategy
Because retention matters more than collection.
6. Common Mistakes That Destroy Scores
We will also discuss:
Overdependence on multiple sources
Random note making
Reading without PYQ linkage
Ignoring revision cycles
Treating Current Affairs as isolated facts
Most score stagnation comes from strategic mistakes, not lack of effort.
Who Should Attend:
UPSC 2027 aspirants
Beginners confused about Current Affairs preparation
Aspirants struggling with retention and revision
Candidates overwhelmed by newspapers, compilations, and coaching material
Anyone who wants to study smarter instead of studying endlessly
Join me on 14th May at 7:00 PM, live for a Zoom session. In one session, I will help you rebuild your preparation and move forward with confidence.
It will be a 45 minute session, post which we will open up the floor for all kinds of queries which a beginner must have. No questions are taboo and Shikhar Sir is known to be patiently solving all your doubts.
Join us for a Zoom session on 15th May at 7 PM. This session is a must attend for you If you are attempting UPSC for the first time or have attempted earlier and now preparing for 2027, then it is going to be a valuable session for you too.
See you in the session”
Register for the session for a complete in-depth UPSC Prep
(Don’t wait—the next webinar/session won’t be until End May’26)
These masterclasses are packed with value. They are conducted in private with a closed community. We rarely open these webinars for everyone for free. This time we are keeping it for 300 seats only.
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