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Chandrayaan-5 (LUPEX Mission) enters Preliminary Design Phase

Why in the News? India and Japan have begun the preliminary design phase of the Chandrayaan-5 mission, also known as LUPEX (Lunar Polar Exploration). Back2Basics: Legacy of Chandrayaan Missions Chandrayaan-1 (2008): First mission, focused on mineral and chemical mapping. Chandrayaan-2 (2019): Orbiter mission with 98% success. Chandrayaan-3 (2023): Achieved a historic soft landing on the… Continue reading

🔴[UPSC Webinar] By Hemant Mishra, AIR 13, (UPSC 2024) On How I Topped UPSC Mains 2024? Decoding the Strategy of AIR 13 | Join on 18th May At 6 PM

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Why UK is tightening immigration rules, how Indians will be affected

Why in the News? Recently, the United Kingdom (UK) has announced new plans to change its immigration rules to reduce the number of people moving to the country. What are the key immigration reforms proposed to control net migration? Raising Skilled Worker Visa Threshold: The requirement for the ‘skilled worker’ visa will be raised from… Continue reading

Under control: On the latest inflation data

Why in the News? Retail inflation dropped to 3.16% in April, marking its lowest level in nearly six years. This shows that prices are rising more slowly, bringing relief to consumers and policymakers. What caused the recent fall in retail and wholesale inflation in April? Sharp Drop in Vegetable Prices: Retail inflation was driven down… Continue reading

[15th May 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Operation Sindoor — a reshaping of confrontation

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2021] How is S-400 air defence missile system different from any other system presently available in the world? Linkage: Air defence systems are vital in modern warfare like Operation Sindoor for controlling the skies and protecting against enemy air strikes, including missiles. Mentor’s Comment: Operation Sindoor is no longer just a… Continue reading

Principled Criminalization and the Police as Pivot

Why in the News? Recently, the Supreme Court of India gave an important decision in the case of Imran Pratapgarhi v. State of Gujarat (2025 INSC 410). The judgment focused on balancing the fundamental right to freedom of speech with the police’s duty to register a First Information Report (FIR). What is the significance of… Continue reading

How did India develop genome edited rice?

Why in the News? Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan recently said that India is the first country in the world to create rice varieties using genome editing technology. What are the new varieties? A team of researchers from different institutions, led by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), developed two new rice varieties… Continue reading

India eases Solar Panel Efficiency Norms for Off-Grid Rural Projects

Why in the News? The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has lowered the efficiency requirement for off-grid solar panels to make rural electrification easier and more affordable. About India’s Off-Grid Solar Programme: About: The programme was launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to provide solar energy access in regions without… Continue reading

[pib] Changes in Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) from 2025

Why in the News? The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has announced major changes to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS). About Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS): Purpose: To measure employment and unemployment nationwide. Conducted by: National Statistical Office (NSO) under the MoSPI, it has been active since 2017. Estimate 3 core indicators:… Continue reading

Scientists at CERN Create Gold from Lead

Why in the News? In a recent breakthrough at CERN’s ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment), scientists observed that near-collisions of lead ions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can result in the formation of gold atoms and other novel nuclei. How was Lead converted into Gold? In ultra-peripheral collisions at the Large Hadron Collider,… Continue reading

Justice B.R. Gavai takes charge as 52nd CJI

Why in the News? Justice B.R. Gavai has been sworn in as the 52nd Chief Justice of India (CJI). About the Chief Justice of India: The CJI is the head of the Supreme Court and the highest-ranking judicial officer in the country. As the “Master of the Roster,” the CJI has the exclusive authority to:… Continue reading

Weaponized Trade: A Strategic Tool or an Economic Time Bomb?

NOTE4STUDENTS: China weaponizes supply chains to exert geopolitical pressure and economic dominance. UPSC may explore questions on trade policies, WTO reforms, and global supply chain vulnerabilities in this respect. It may test conceptual clarity and real-world application. You may struggle linking static knowledge of International Relations since there is no single source for it. This… Continue reading

🔴[UPSC Webinar] Geography Approach to Clear UPSC in First Attempt (2026/27) | By Purnima Ma’am, Faculty | Join on 15th May at 7:00 PM

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[14th May 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Ecology is the world’s permanent economy

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2024] The groundwater potential of the gangetic valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India? Linkage: The concept that ecological health (groundwater levels) is fundamental to human survival and security (food security). It highlights how the depletion of a natural resource affects a critical aspect… Continue reading

Big deal: On the U.S.-China trade deal

Why in the News? Recently, the U.S. has agreed to temporarily reduce its tariffs on Chinese goods from 145% to 30% for 90 days, while China will lower its tariffs on American products from 125% to 10%. What are the key terms of the U.S.-China trade truce? Tariff Reductions: The U.S. has temporarily lowered tariffs… Continue reading

In India, education without employment

Why in the News? The National Education Policy 2020 does not effectively address the employability issues faced by India’s graduates in the workforce. What are the key flaws in NEP 2020 regarding employability? No Industry Participation in Policy Design: The NEP drafting process excluded industry leaders, leading to poor alignment between education and job market… Continue reading

Beggar-Thy-Neighbor Policies: Economic Protection or Global Disruption?

NOTE4STUDENTS: UPSC often frames questions that test conceptual clarity and real-world applications. as in 2018. This shows that UPSC expects aspirants to connect theory with current global events. Simple rote learning of WTO principles isn’t enough. Many aspirants memorize WTO rules but struggle to apply them to modern trade issues like U.S.-China tensions or India’s… Continue reading

Highlights of the Sample Registration System (SRS) 2021 Report

Why in the News? According to the Sample Registration System (SRS) 2021 report, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in India remains unchanged at 2.0 children per woman, the same as in 2020. Also, the annual crude birth rates for Tamil Nadu, Delhi and Kerala are declining at 2x the rate of the national average. About… Continue reading

What are Digital Banking Units (DBU)?

Why in the News? In October 2022, 75 Digital Banking Units were launched across remote districts to commemorate India’s 75th Independence Day, but their momentum has declined from past 2 years. About Digital Banking Units (DBUs): DBUs are specialized, fixed-location banking hubs designed to deliver a wide range of digital financial services using modern infrastructure.… Continue reading

Dirang Geothermal Project

Why in the News? The Centre for Earth Sciences and Himalayan Studies (CESHS) has successfully drilled India’s first geothermal production well in Dirang, located in Arunachal Pradesh’s West Kameng district. This could potentially make Dirang the first geothermal-powered town in the country. What is Geothermal Energy? Geothermal energy is derived from heat stored in the… Continue reading

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