Why in the news?

A recent study published in iScience revealed that moss spores (Physcomitrium patens) survived nine months outside the International Space Station (ISS), enduring vacuum, cosmic radiation, microgravity, and temperature extremes. Over 80% of the spores survived and successfully germinated on return to Earth. Scientists estimate moss could survive up to 15 years in space.

Key Findings of the Study

• 20,000 moss spores were placed outside the ISS in March 2022.
• Exposed to: Vacuum, Cosmic radiation, Microgravity and Extreme temperatures
• After 283 days, the spores were retrieved.
• Results: 80% survived
  • Among survivors, 89% germinated successfully
  • Chlorophyll levels normal except a 20% drop in chlorophyll a, but not harmful
• Survival attributed to multiple spore wall layers offering passive protection.

Why Moss Survived – Scientific Insight

• Multiple thick-walled layers → physical shielding
• Ability to remain in dormant state
• Natural mechanisms to handle:
  • Radiation
  • Desiccation
  • Freezing and thawing cycles

Why Is This Significant?

• Implications for Space Exploration: 

• • • Ability to survive harsh space environments → potential role in: Oxygen generation, Humidity control, Soil formation on Moon/Mars.
    • Supports concepts of bioregenerative life-support systems
    • It could be used in terraforming experiments on other celestial bodies
      

• Astrobiology

• • • Supports the idea that primitive plant life could survive interplanetary transport.
    • Relevant to panspermia hypothesis (life spreading across planets via spores).

• Long-term Human Habitats

• • Moss can grow with minimal resources
  • Can contribute to:
    • Closed-loop ecosystems
    • Sustainable habitats
    • Psychological well-being in isolated environments (greenery)

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