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  • Improve your Prelims score by 30-35 marks with last-minute FREE session by Arpit sir | Envt. and S&T | For Prelims 2021 and UPSC 2022 aspirants | Limited slots available

    Improve your Prelims score by 30-35 marks with last-minute FREE session by Arpit sir | Envt. and S&T | For Prelims 2021 and UPSC 2022 aspirants | Limited slots available

    Dear aspirants,

    In the past few years, UPSC has been asking a number of questions from subjects like – Environment and Science, and Technology consistently in both Preliminary and Main Exam. This Webinar has very clear objectives to streamline your preparation in these subjects if you have started it, and to guide you if you are going to start now.

    Why is this session important?

    Environment and S&T make up 20% of the paper. You cannot afford to miss a single question.

    What can you learn in this webinar?

    1. The contour of syllabus: What to read – implicit and explicit decoding of the syllabus (for both static and current affairs).
    2. Confidence Building in subjects – Environment and S&T for Prelims 2021/22. This is essential for those done with at least one reading of the basic material.
    3. Process Orientation: The right methodology to reach to a logical conclusion while solving MCQs in Environment and S&T questions.
    4. Integration: Static + Dynamic And Knowledge + Reasoning
    5. Answer Writing: Outlining the importance and approach towards answer writing in these subjects. 
    6. Managing With Work: Discussion on approach towards the exam for working professionals to utilise their time better.

    Dedicated Q&A session for specific queries.

    This live webinar is going to be one of the best ways to start or rejuvenate your preparation in these subjects. 

    Overall, this is the first step to rationalize your preparation and maximize the probability of cracking UPSC CSE.

    The webinar is absolutely free. 

    Date: 19/9/21 (Sunday)

    Time: 7:00 P.M.

    About your Mentor – Arpit Verma
    Arpit is an Engineer by qualification and a teacher by inclination. He has experience in all the stages of UPSC and is in the coaching industry for about 8 years with diverse exposure. For him, the process is more important than instant gratification as once learned, it is the process that will ensure exam outcome.

  • Foreign Travelers in Ancient and Medieval India

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)
     
    18th Sept 2021

    Travellers Visited India

    Contemporary Rulers

    Contribution.

    Deimachos

    Period: (320-273 BC)

    Who: Greek Ambassador

    Came India in the reign of Bindusara.

    Megasthenes

    Period: (302-298 B.C.)

    Who: Greek ethnographer & ambassador.

    Ambassador of Seleucus Nicator, who visited in the court of Chandragupta Maurya.

    Wrote an interesting book Indica.

    Ptolemy

    Period: 130 A.D.

    Who: From Greece and Geographer.

    Wrote “Geography of India” which gives the description of Ancient India.

    Fa-Hien

    Period: (405-411 A.D.)

    Who: Chinese Buddhist Monk

    Came to India in the reign of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya.

    –          Visited the birth place of Buddha, Lumbini.

    –          His Travelogue “Records of Buddhist Kingdoms”.

    –          Wrote Fo-Kyo-Ki.

    Hiuen-Tsang

    Period: (630-645 A.D.)

    Who: Chinese Buddhist Monk

    Visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana.

    –          Came through Tashkent and Swat Valley.

    –          Book is “Si-Yu-Ki or the records of western world”.

    I-tsing

    Period: ( 671- 695 A.D.)

    Who: Chinese traveller

    Visited India in connection with Buddhism.

    –          His works are Biographies of Eminent Monks.

    –          Gives useful information about the social, religious and cultural life of the people of this country.

    Al-Masudi

    Period: (957 A.D.)

    Who: Arab Traveller

    Gives an extensive account of India in his work “Muruj-ul-Zahab”.

    Al- Beruni or Abu Rehan Mahamud

    Period: (1024-1030 A.D.)

    Who: Muslim Scholar and Polymath

    Came along with Mahmud Ghazni during one of his Indian raids.

    –          First Muslim Scholar to study India also known as founder of Indology.

    –          Wrote “ Tahqiq-i-Hind/Kitab-ul-Hind.

    Marco Polo

    Period: (1292-1294 AD)

    Who: Venetian Traveller

    Visited South India in 1294 A.D during the reign of Pandyan ruler of Madurai, Madverman, Kulshekhara (1272-1311)

    His work “The Book of Sir Marco Polo” which gives an invaluable account of the economic history of India.

    Ibn Batuta

    Period: (1333-1347 A.D.)

    Who: Morrish traveller

    Visited India during the reign of Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq.

    His book “ Rehla” (the travelogue)

    Shihabuddin al-Umari

    Period: (1348 A.D.)

    Who: Came from Damascus

    He gives a vivid account of India in his book “ Masalik albsar fi-mamalik al-amsar

    Nicolo Conti

    Period: (1420-1421 A.D.)

    Who: Venetian traveller

    Came during the rule of Devraya I of Sangam Dynasty of Vijayanagar empire.

    Given a graphic account of Vijayanagaras capital.

    Abdur Razzaq

    Period: (1443-1444 A.D.)

    Who: Persian traveller, Ambassador of Shahrukh of Timurid dynasty.

    –          Came during the rule of Devraya II of Sangam dynasty of Vijaynagar Empire.

    –          Came in India at Zamorin’s Calicut.

    Given a brief account of this countryside, in his Matla us Saddin wa Majuma ul Baharain.

    Athanasius Nikitin

    Period: (1470- 1474 A.D.)

    Who: Russian merchant

    Visited South India in 1470.

    -He describes the condition of the Bahmani kingdom under Muhammad III (1463-82).

    – His narrative “ The journey beyond 3 seas”

    Duarte Barbosa

    Period: (1500-1516 A.D.)

    Who: Portuguese traveller

    He has given a brief description of the government and the people of Vijayanagar Empire.

    Domingo Paes

    Period: (1520-1522 A.D.)

    Who: Portuguese traveller

    Visited the court of Krishnadeva Raya of Vijayanagar Empire.

    Fernao Nuniz

    Period: (1535-1537 A.D.)

    Who: Portuguese merchant

    Came during the rule of Achyutdeva Raya of Tuluv dynasty of vijayanagar Empire.

    Wrote history of the empire from its earliest times of the closing years of Achyutdeva Raya’s reign.

    John Hughen Von Linschotten

    Period: (1583 A.D.)

    Who: Dutch traveller

    Given a valuable account of the social and economic life of South India.

    William Hawkins

    Period: (1608-1611 A.D.)

    Who: Ambassador of James I, king of England.

    Came in India at the reign of Jahangir,the great Mughal Emperor. William finch came with him.

    Sir Thomas Roe

    Period: (1615-1619 A.D.)

    Who: Ambassador of James I, king of England.

    Came in India at the reign of Jahangir,the great Mughal Emperor.

    Edward Terry

    Period: (1616 A.D.)

    Who: Ambassador of Thomas Roe.

    Describe about Indian social (Gujarat) behaviour.

    Franciso Palsaert

    Period: (1620-1627 A.D.)

    Who: Dutch traveller stayed at Agra.

    Gave a vivid account of the flourishing trade at Surat, Ahmadabad, Broach, Cambay, Lahore, Multan etc.

    Peter Mundy

    Period: (1630-34 A.D.)

    Who: Italian traveller

    Came in the reign of the Mughal Emperor, Shahjahan.

    Gives valuable information about the living standard of the common people in the Mughal Empire.

    John Albert de Mandesto

    Period: (1638 A.D.)

    Who: German traveller

    Reached Surat in 1638 A.D.

    Jeen Baptiste Tavernier

    Period: (1638-1663 A.D.)

    Who: French traveller

    Visited India 6 times in the reign of Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.

    Nicolao Manucci

    Period: (1653-1708 A.D.)

    Who: Italian traveller

    He got service at the court of Dara Shikoh.

    Francois Bernier

    Period: (1656- 1717 A.D.)

    Who: French physician and Philosopher.

    Danishamand Khan, a noble of Aurangzeb was his patron.

    Jean de Thevenot

    Period: (1666 A.D.)

    Who: French traveller

    Given an account of cities like Ahmadabad, Cambay, Aurangabad and Golconda.

    John Fryer

    Period: (1672-1681 A.D.)

    Who: English traveller

     

    Given a vivid account of Surat and Bombay.

    Gemelli Careri

    Period: (1695 A.D.)

    Who: Italian traveller who landed at Daman.

    His remarks on the Mughal emperor’s military organisation and administration are important.

     

    Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS

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  • Improve your Prelims score by 30-35 marks with last-minute FREE session by Arpit sir | Envt. and S&T | For Prelims 2021 and UPSC 2022 aspirants | Limited slots available

    Improve your Prelims score by 30-35 marks with last-minute FREE session by Arpit sir | Envt. and S&T | For Prelims 2021 and UPSC 2022 aspirants | Limited slots available

    Dear aspirants,

    In the past few years, UPSC has been asking a number of questions from subjects like – Environment and Science, and Technology consistently in both Preliminary and Main Exam. This Webinar has very clear objectives to streamline your preparation in these subjects if you have started it, and to guide you if you are going to start now.

    Why is this session important?

    Environment and S&T make up 20% of the paper. You cannot afford to miss a single question.

    What can you learn in this webinar?

    1. The contour of syllabus: What to read – implicit and explicit decoding of the syllabus (for both static and current affairs).
    2. Confidence Building in subjects – Environment and S&T for Prelims 2021/22. This is essential for those done with at least one reading of the basic material.
    3. Process Orientation: The right methodology to reach to a logical conclusion while solving MCQs in Environment and S&T questions.
    4. Integration: Static + Dynamic And Knowledge + Reasoning
    5. Answer Writing: Outlining the importance and approach towards answer writing in these subjects. 
    6. Managing With Work: Discussion on approach towards the exam for working professionals to utilise their time better.

    Dedicated Q&A session for specific queries.

    This live webinar is going to be one of the best ways to start or rejuvenate your preparation in these subjects. 

    Overall, this is the first step to rationalize your preparation and maximize the probability of cracking UPSC CSE.

    The webinar is absolutely free. 

    Date: 19/9/21 (Sunday)

    Time: 7:00 P.M.

    About your Mentor – Arpit Verma
    Arpit is an Engineer by qualification and a teacher by inclination. He has experience in all the stages of UPSC and is in the coaching industry for about 8 years with diverse exposure. For him, the process is more important than instant gratification as once learned, it is the process that will ensure exam outcome.

  • Streak Daily Compilation of Questions & Videos – Sep 17, 2021

    Maintaining consistency is one of the biggest issues faced by IAS Aspirants. Streak’s initiative is to help Aspirants in their day-to-day preparation. You can follow the monthly, weekly, and daily timetables and continue this streak until you find yourself on the final list.

    Please register for Streak Initiative (free) through this link:- https://www.civilsdaily.com/course/streak-daily-initiative/

    You will get following study material:-

    1. Questions (PDF).
    2. RSTV/Yojana monthly notes (PDF).
    3. Burning issue (PDF).
    4. Subject specific (PDF).
    5. Mentor’s phone call for support & encouragement.

    _____________________________________________

    Daily Study Plan with Answer Writing Challenge || STREAK FREE INITIATIVE FOR UPSC IAS – by Ravi Ranjan

    UPSC PRELIMS-2021 || Current Affairs Based Most Probable Questions on International Relations – by Sukanya Rana

    Q1) Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI) which aims to build resilient supply chains in the Indo-Pacific region was launched by which of the following countries? 

    1. India 

    2. China 

    3. Australia 

    4. Sri Lanka 

    5. New Zealand 

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 

    a. 1 and 3 only 

    b. 1, 2 and 4 only 

    c. 1, 2 and 4 only 

    d. All of the above

    Q2) Global EV Outlook 2021 is published by which of the following organisations? 

    a. International Energy Agency 

    b. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 

    c. International Atomic Energy Agency 

    d. International Renewable Energy Agency

    Q3) With respect to India-UK bilateral relations, consider the following statements: 

    1. India and the United Kingdom have enjoyed a Strategic Partnership since 2004. 

    2. The UK is the 3rd largest inward investor in India, after Mauritius, and Singapore. 

    3. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI) was jointly initiated by India and the United Kingdom. 

    Which of the statements given above are correct? 

    a. 1 and 2 only 

    b. 1 and 3 only 

    c. 2 and 3 only 

    d. 1, 2 and 3

    Q4) With respect to One Health, sometimes seen in the news recently, consider the following statements: 

    1. It is a high-level expert panel formed by the World Health Organization (WHO). 

    2. It will study the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases and advise global agencies on how future outbreaks, especially due to zoonotic diseases, can be averted. 

    Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 

    a. 1 only 

    b. 2 only 

    c. Both 1 and 2 

    d. Neither 1 nor 2

    Q5) Consider the following statements with respective to Open Skies Treaty Arms Control Pact 

    1. Under the treaty, a member state can “spy” on any part of the host nation, with the latter’s consent. 

    2. Both the U.S and India are members of the treaty and Russia is not a member of the treaty. 

    Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 

    a. 1 only 

    b. 2 only 

    c. Both 1 and 2 

    d. Neither 1 nor 2

  • How to Prepare Environment and S&T holistically| Free Session by Arpit sir | For Prelims 2021 and UPSC 2022 aspirants | Limited slots available

    How to Prepare Environment and S&T holistically| Free Session by Arpit sir | For Prelims 2021 and UPSC 2022 aspirants | Limited slots available

    Dear aspirants,

    In the past few years, UPSC has been asking a number of questions from subjects like – Environment and Science, and Technology consistently in both Preliminary and Main Exam. This Webinar has very clear objectives to streamline your preparation in these subjects if you have started it, and to guide you if you are going to start now.

    Why is this session important?

    Environment and S&T make up 20% of the paper. You cannot afford to miss a single question.

    What can you learn in this webinar?

    1. The contour of syllabus: What to read – implicit and explicit decoding of the syllabus (for both static and current affairs).
    2. Confidence Building in subjects – Environment and S&T for Prelims 2021/22. This is essential for those done with at least one reading of the basic material.
    3. Process Orientation: The right methodology to reach to a logical conclusion while solving MCQs in Environment and S&T questions.
    4. Integration: Static + Dynamic And Knowledge + Reasoning
    5. Answer Writing: Outlining the importance and approach towards answer writing in these subjects. 
    6. Managing With Work: Discussion on approach towards the exam for working professionals to utilise their time better.

    Dedicated Q&A session for specific queries.

    This live webinar is going to be one of the best ways to start or rejuvenate your preparation in these subjects. 

    Overall, this is the first step to rationalize your preparation and maximize the probability of cracking UPSC CSE.

    The webinar is absolutely free. 

    Date: 19/9/21 (Sunday)

    Time: 7:00 P.M.

    About your Mentor – Arpit Verma
    Arpit is an Engineer by qualification and a teacher by inclination. He has experience in all the stages of UPSC and is in the coaching industry for about 8 years with diverse exposure. For him, the process is more important than instant gratification as once learned, it is the process that will ensure exam outcome.

  • Important Historical Sculpture/Tribes in India, Their festivals, and Culture

    17th Sept 2021

     

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

     

    Important Historical Sculpture and Paintings
             Famous Sculpture/                             PaintingEra/ Dynasty     Monument
      Bodhisattva PadmapaniGupta PeriodAjanata
      Mahakapi JatakaSungaBharhut stupa
      Torso of VishnuGupta PeriodMathura
      Stupa worshipMauryan/Sunga periodBharhut stupa
      YakshiniMauryan/Sunga periodBharhut stupa
      Queen Maya’s dreamMauryan/Sunga periodBharhut stupa
      Painting of Yashodahara,Rahul & buddhaGupta PeriodAjanata
      Standing BuddhaGupta PeriodSarnath
      Seated BuddhaKushanasMathura
      Standing BuddhaKushanasGandhara
      Mara VijayaMultiple periodAjanta
      MaheshmurthiRashtrakuta PeriodElephanta caves
      Shiva chasing boarVijaynagara PeriodLepakshi temple
      Shiva killing Tripurasura Thanjavoor
      DakshinamurthyVijaynagara PeriodLepakshi temple
      Ladies attending ParvathyVijaynagara PeriodLepakshi temple
      Krishna playing the flute Pundareekapuram temple
      Sheshashayana VishnuGupta PeriodDashavtar temple
      Vishnu in Nara-Narayan formGupta PeriodDashavtar temple
      Arjun PenancePallavasMahabalipuram
      Statue of SuparshvanathaPallavas 
      Statue of Gommateshwara,Ganga DynastyShravanbelagola, Karnataka
      YakshiMauryan PeriodDidarganj
      Durga with eight arms shown in the act of defeating Mahishasura,PallavasMahishasura Mardini Cave, Mahabalipuram
      Ravana Shaking Mount KailashaRashtrakutaEllora
      Nandi bullCholasBrihadeshwara temple
      Kalyana Sundara MurthyRashtrakutaEllora
      NayikaGanga DynastyLingraj temple
      NatarajaCholasBrideshwar temple
      Manjira playerGanga DynastySurya Mandir,Odhisa
      MohiniHoysalasChennakeshava temple
      Pillars with horse riderNaykasMeenakshi temple
      Worship of Bodhi treeMauryan PeriodBharhut
      Animals worshipping Bodhi treeSungasSanchi
      YakshiniSungasSanchi
      Taming of Nalagiri elephantMauryan PeriodAmravati
      Head of BuddhaKushanasGandhara
      Seated BuddhaKushanasMathura
      Dwarfish Yaksha Pithalkoda caves
      Five RathaPallavasMahabalipuram
      VrikshikaSungaSanchi Stupa
      Buddha’s Great departureKushanasGandhara
      Indra flying amid clouds together with celestial nymphsGupta PeriodAjanta
    The following table contains the tribes in India, significant aspects of their life, and festivals they celebrate.
     Name of the tribeStates/ RegionSignificant aspects related to the tribeFestivals
     MundaChota Nagpur Plateu1.Christianity is their main religion.
    2..They speak Mundari which is austro-asiatic Language.
    Main festivals of Munda tribe are Mage Parab , Ind-Parab Jom-Nagoa or Jom Nawa ,Batauli ,Kolom Sing ,Phagu Festival ,Sarhul or Ba Parab ,Karam and Sohrai Festival
     SanthalsWest Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Jharkhand and Assam.1.Santhals are the third largest tribe in India.
    2.Santhals speak Santhali, which belongs to the Austro- Asiatic language family. Santhals have their script called Olchiki, which was developed by Dr Raghunath Murmu in 1925.
    3.Santhals have no temples of their own. They even do not worship any idols. Santhals follow the Sarna religion.
    Santhals mainly celebrate the Karam festival which falls in the month of September and October
     AngamiNagaland1.Men wear shawls called white Mhoushu and the black Lohe. The women wear Mechala – the wrap around skirt and shawls of unique designs and patterns
    2.Christianity is the major religion followed among the Angami tribal people
    3.Angamis are quite popular for their woodcraft and artwork.
    Sekrenyi is the main festival celebrated among the Angamis in Nagaland.
     BhilsThe central Bhils are found in the mountain regions in the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujrat and Rajasthan. Bhils are also found in the north eastern parts of Tripura.1.Religion practice among the Bhils differ from place to place. Most of them worship local deities like Khandoba, Kanhoba, Bahiroba, and Sitalmata. Some of the worship Tiger God called ‘vaghdev’. They have no temples of their own.
    2.Ghoomar is the most famous dance among the Bhils.
    3.Than Gair is the religious dance drama performed by the men in the month of Sharavana (July and August)
    The Baneshwar fair is the main festival celebrated among the Bhils. This fair is held during the period of Shivatri (in the month of January or February) and is dedicated to Baneshwar Mahadev also known as Lord Shiva. On this occasion Bhils gather all together set up camps on the banks of the Som and Mahi river.
     ChenchusChenchu inhabit in the Nallamalai hills, which have been the part of the Nagarjuna Sagar Tiger Sanctuary for centuries in Andhra Pradesh India.1.Chenchus talk in Chenchu language with the Telgu accent. Their language is also known as Chenchucoolam, Chenchwar, Chenswar or Choncharu.
    2.Chenchus worship number of deities. They mainly believe in Bhagaban taru who lives in the sky and look after the Chenchus in all their doings. Another deity they worship is Garelamai Sama, who is the Goddess of forest.
     
     KhasisKhasi tribe is mainly found in the sate of Assam and the Khasi Jaintia hills in Meghalaya1.Khasis speak Khasi, which is an Austro- Asiatic language. It is the part of the Mon-Khmer group of languages.
    2.Khasis have a matriachal society.
    3.Most of the Khasis follow Christianity as the religion. The Khasi believe in the supreme creator God U Blei Nong-thaw.
    Nongkrem is the major festival celebrated among the Khasis.
     BhuthiasBhutia tribes are of the Tibetan origin. They migrated to Sikkim around 16th century. In the northern part of the Sikkim where they are the major inhabitants, they are known as the Lachenpas and Lachungpas. Majority of the Bhutias are concentrated in the dry valley of the North Sikkim.1.Bhutia tribes usually speak Sikkimese.
    2.The legal system among the Bhutias is termed as the Dzumsa, which means the rendezvous point of the common masses.
    3. Bhutia male wear Bakhu which is a loose traditional dress with the full sleeves. While the women dress consists of Silken Honju, which is the full sleeves blouse
    Losar and Losoong are the main festivals celebrated among the Bhutia tribes.
     GondsThe Gonds are the tribal community mostly found in the Gond forests of central India. They are widely spread in the Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh1.Gonds tribe speak Gondi language which is related to the Telgu and the other Dravidian languages.
    2.Gonds have been largely influenced by the Hindus and for the long time have been practicing the Hindus culture and traditions. Gonds are the worshipers of Janani or the mother of creator.
    3.Gusadi dance is the most famous dance perfomed by the Gonds.
    Gonds fair and festivals are influenced from the Hindu traditions. Keslapur Jathra is the important festival of the Gonds.
     GaddisHimachal Pradesh.1.The main occupation of Gaddi tribes is shepherding and they make their livelihood by rearing and selling sheeps, goats, mules and horses
    2. They speak Gaddi langauge
    The Namagen dance is performed in the month of September to celebrate the autum. They were costumes which are largely woolen and studded with ornaments of silver. They are worn by women.
     BirhorChattisgarh1.They follow Hinduism and have their indigenous traditional beliefs. ‘Sing Bonga’, is regarded by the people as the supreme god.
    2.Birhor tribe is one of the primitive tribes. They belong to the Proto-Australoid stock; linguistically, they originate from the Austro-Asiatic group.
     
     GaroMeghalaya1.In Garo tribes, women are the owners of property thus making it a matrilineal society.
    2.most of the Garos adopted Christianity. These tribes speak Garo language, which is also further divided into different sub-languages or dialects.
    Wangala is one of the significant festivals of these tribes This festival is celebrated after the harvest of crops as thanks giving ceremony to their deity Salijong
     ZeliangNagaland1.The Zeliang practice wet cultivation or Panikheti and terraced cultivation. They practice Jhum cultivation though they prefer Panikheti.
    2.Many have accepted the religion of Christianity.
    The Hega festival is one of the most important and the largest festivals among the Zeliang community
     RengmaNagaland1.They belong to the Mongoloid racial stock. The Rengma is a patriarchal society therefore the line of descent is traced through the male side and property rights goes to the male line.   2.The Rengma tribes are agriculturists. They grow paddy through Jhum cultivation and wet cultivation. 3.Traditionally Rengma tribes are worshippers of supernatural beings. The Supreme god is known as Teronyu. Nyensug and Nyensugi are the next important god and goddesses who are worshipped for household wealth. Now most of the Rengma tribes are ChristiansNgada is the most important festival of Rengma tribes. It is celebrated after harvesting the crop or at the end of November or in the beginning of December. Actually it is a “Thanks giving” festival of the Rengma tribes
     AoNagalandThe Ao Nagas are rich in their folk literature.
    With the arrival of Christian missionaries in the 19th century the Ao were some of the earliest converts to Christianity among the other Naga tribes.
    1. The Aos observe Moatsü Mong after the sowing is done. The festival provides them a period of recreation and entertainment after the stressful work of clearing fields, burning jungles, sowing seeds, cleaning up the Tsubu (wells) and repairs and construction of houses by elders of the Putu Menden, stretching over a week.
    2.Aos have another festival called Tsüngrem Mong. It is celebrated in the eve of the harvest.
     LushaiManipur/Mizoram1.Lushai tribes have developed expertise in swimming and hunting. That they are good archers are apparent from the fact that they can nicely handle ‘Sairawkher’.
    2.The way they dress shows that these Lushai tribes have got aesthetic sense. Lukhum is a special hat worn by the Lushai tribes. It is sharp in shape, mainly prepared from ‘bamboo splits’. Special open-hexagonal weave are used for weaving these hats.
    3.For proper administration, the whole of the Lushai society are segregated into clans and castes, nicely run by a village head. Different is the way in which they practice the ‘Sakhua sacrifice’. These Lushai tribes are pious.
    There Bamboo dance(known as Cheraw dance) is very famous.
     HmarManipur1.The society is patrilineal and patriarchal in nature.
    2. Hmars worship supernatural beings. Pathien is the supreme god.
    3.The Hmars depend on forest products. Their economy can be classified dually -traditional and subsidiary occupations.
    Chawn-lam, Dar-lam, Pheipheet-lam, Hrang-lam, Tinna-Hla-lam are the common dances of the Hmar community. All dances are based on the rhythmic tunes of musical instruments.
     KukiManipurKuki Tribe of Manipur are mainly followers of Christianity and Judaism. 
     MizoMizoram1.The Mizos are of the Mongoloid racial stock with well built features.
    2.They follow Christianity
    3.The Mizos are mainly an agricultural people. Jhum cultivation is the traditional form of agriculture that is practiced
    The Mizo celebrate many festivals among which Chapchar kut and Pavlkut are most important festivals. Chapchar kut is celebrated in the month of March. It is the spring festival celebrated. Pawl kut is a harvest festival celebrated in the months of December and January.
     ChakesangNagaland Held in between March and April, the Tsukhenyi festival is one of the least known tribal festivals in India that is celebrated with great enthusiasm by the Chakesang Nagass
     LimboosSikkim1.Many Limbu follow a combination of Buddhism and their traditional beliefs.
    2.There traditional group dance is called dhannach and is performed during marriage,death or any festivities
    3.The traditional dress of Limboos are mekhli and Taga
     
     LepchasSikkim1.The Lepchas are the aboriginal inhabitants of Sikkim and they are mostly settled in North Sikkim. They are mostly Buddhist but many of them have now adopted Christianity
    2. The traditional cloths of the Lepchas are woven in exquisite colour combinations. Men’s dress is called Thokro-Dum and the female’s dress is called Dumdyam or Dumvum.
    3. The Lepcha trace their descent patrilineally. The marriage is negotiated between the families of the bride and the groom.
     
     ApataniAruanchal Pradesh1.UNESCO has proposed the Apatani valley for inclusion as a World Heritage Site for its “extremely high productivity” and “unique” way of preserving the ecology
    2. Women of the Apatani Tribe, in India’s Apatani plateau, are famous for the bizarre nose plugs they’ve been wearing since times long passed.
    They have two major festival- Dree and Myoko.
     NyishisAruanchal Pradesh1.The Nyishi language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family, however, the origin is disputed.
    2.Polygyny is prevalent among the Nyish.
    3. The Nyishis, who traditionally wear cane helmets surmounted by the crest of a hornbill beak (known as pudum, padam), have considerably affected the population of this bird.
    Several organizations, such as the Arunachal Wildlife and Nature Foundation and the Wildlife Trust of India, have been trying to stop the Nyishi hunting these birds in order to protect them from extinction. Nature reserves, such as the Pakke Sanctuary, are being set up to protect the birds, while artificial materials, such as fiberglass, have been introduced as an alternative to the hornbill beak in Nyishi dress.
    Nyokum is the festival celebrated by the Nyishi people, a religion which commemorates their ancestors.
     AdisAruanchal PradeshAdi dances vary from the slow, rustic and beautifully enchanting style Ponung (performed in Solung festival) to the exhilarating, exuberant thumps of Delong performed by Men in Etor festival. These dances have led to certain forms of dancing which jointly narrate a story, the Tapu (War Dance). In the Tapu War Dance, the dancers vigorously re-enact the actions of war, its gory details and the triumphant cries of the warriors. Yakjong is performed in Aran festival.The Adi celebrate a number of festivals, in particular their prime festivals are Aran, Solung, Etor.Solung, is observed in the first week of September for five days or more. It is a harvest festival performed after the sowing of seeds and transplantation, to seek for future bumper crops. Ponung songs and dances are performed by women folk during the festival
     Sema/Sumi NagasNagaland1.The ‘Sumi Naga’ is one of the major Naga peoples in Nagaland, India. The Sumis mainly inhabit the Zunheboto district, although many have spread and is now living in a few more districts within Nagaland.
    2.Sumi Naga tribe practiced kiti-do and were a headhunter as every other Naga tribals .
    Tuluni (July 8) is a festival of great significance for the Sumi. This festival is marked with feasts as the occasion occurs in the bountiful season of the year. Drinking rice beer indispensably forms as part of the feasts. Rice beer is served in a goblet made of bamboo or made from the leaf of plantain. This drink is called Tuluni which gives the festival its name.
     Konyak tribeNagalandThe Konyak are a Naga people, and are recognised among other Naga by their tattoos, which they have all over their face and hands; facial tattoos were earned for taking an enemy’s head. They are called the land of Angh’s. They have the largest population among the Nagas.Aoleang is the biggest festival for the Konyak. They wear their traditional attire and sing folk song to celebrate the Aoleang festival.
     ReangTripura1.The Reangs are basically a semi-nomadic tribe who practice jhum (slash and burn) or shifting method of cultivation on the hill sides.
    2. The Reang basically belonged to the Mongoloid group and speaks the Tibeto-Burmese language ‘Kau Bru
    The Hodaigri dance amongst the Reang (Bru) was usually performed on the occasion of Maikhlungmo rituals i.e. worship of Goddess of food grains and cotton especially during the month of September-October
     MishingAssam1.The Mishing tribe is the second largest tribe among the other tribes of North- East India.
    2.Traditionally Mishing people live near the bank of river and they build their “Chang Ghar” with the help of timber bamboo, thatch, etc for comfort living.
    Mishing people are easy going, very simple living and are fond of festivals. The main festival is “Ali-Aye-Ligang” which is the most colourful spring festival held every year on first Wednesday of the month “Gimur polo”(Feb-March).
     KarbiAssam1.The Karbis believes in animism which consists of such a belief in the role of spiritual beings in human life.
    2. Various types of dances are performed by the youths during the performances of Chomangkan, the death ceremony and other socio-religious festivals. The Karbis have very limited number of musical instruments. A big drum called Cheng is their main musical instrument.
    A number of festivals are observed by the people belonging to Karbi tribal group. Like for instance, they celebrate ‘Chojun Puja’ or ‘Swarak Puja’, ‘Rongker’, ‘Chokk-eroi’, ‘Hacha-Kekan’, ‘Chomangkan’.
     MikirAssam  
     KolsMadhya PradeshMost of these tribes are landless labourer. They prefer to live in groups near villages called Kolhan 
     BondaOdhisaThe Bonda are an ancient tribe of people who live in the isolated hill regions of the Malkangiri district of southwestern Odisha, India, 
     OaronsOdhisa,Bihar and Jharkhand1.Oraon also called Kurukh, aboriginal people of the Chota Nagpur region in the state of Jharkhand, India. They call themselves Kurukh and speak a Dravidian language akin to Gondi and other tribal languages of central India.
    2.Speakers of Oraon number about 1,900,000, but in urban areas, and particularly among Christians, many Oraon speak Hindi as their mother tongue.
    3.It was long thought that the Oraons and the other tribals were animists, people who attribute a living soul to plants, inanimate objects and natural phenomena. This view has been discarded although amateur anthropologists still sort it out in articles, in popular magazines. The Oraons are not nature worshipers.
     
     MuriasChattisgarh1.The Muria are an adivasi (scheduled tribe) of the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh, India. They are part of the Gondi people.
    2.They have mixed-sex dormitories where adolescents are sent to practice premarital sex, sometimes with a single partner and sometimes serially.
    3.The Muria are traditionally animists, with village and clan deities
     
     KorbaChattisgarhFamous for there Karma dance 
     SahariyaRajasthan1.Sahariya Tribe is the only primitive tribe of the Rajasthan state
    2.They follow Hindu religious practices and speak a dialect influenced by Hadoti.
     
     IrulasTamil Nadu1. They inhabit the area of the Nilgiri mountains, in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, India
    2.Early 20th century anthropological literature classified the Irular under the Negrito ethnic group.
    3.Unlike the Negrito tribes in the Andaman Islands who have retained their language, Irular speak the Irula language, a Dravidian language that is closely related to Tamil, Yerukala, Sholaga and other Tamil languages
     
     BadagasTamil Nadu1.The Badagas live in the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu, India. They speak the unwritten Badaga language and are the one of the social groups in Nilgiris
    2.Thundu (a white piece of cloth) forms an integral part of the attire of Badaga women and as a cultural item, is presented to visiting dignitaries as a gesture of good will.
    Their important festival is Hethai Habba.
     UralisKerela1.The Urali tribes like most of the tribes in south India, worship nature as Gods and inventor of the world. They consider the Sun as ‘the creator of all souls’ and moon as the mother of all creation.
    2.The Uralis generally do not engage in inter-tribal marriage, instead they prefer to marry within their own tribe. It is custom amongst them to wear a sacred thread on special occasions like weddings and funerals.
     
     JarawasAndaman & Nicobar Island1.The Jarawa are still at the primitive stage of life on earth. They entirely depend upon forest and sea for food. Wild boar and monitor lizard are consumed. Various kinds of fruit , honey and tubers are parts of their diet too.
    2.The jarawas of both sexes go complete naked. However some ornaments made with shells and palm leaves are worn by them but these are not in the sense to cover their nudity.
    This tribe has lived in the southeast part of Andaman but after the British regime they shifted to the western region of the island. They have forever been hunter gatherers in the true sense however things have changed since the 1990’s specially after the building of the old trunk road.
     
     SentineleseAndaman & Nicobar Island1.The Sentinelese people are said to be so hostile that their home has been named the ‘hardest place to visit’ in the world.The Sentinelese and other indigenous Andamanese peoples are frequently described as negritos,
    2.They inhabit the North Sentinel island, and are the only remaining tribe in the Andamans to still maintain their isolation from the rest of the world. Nobody knows exactly how they look, the population or how they live. Since 1967, the indian governments with the help of anthropologists have tried to make contact with the tribe. They tried giving gifts of food, coconuts, etc but they were always met with hostility. The tribe showers arrows and stones at whoever comes near the island.
    .
     
     OngeAndaman & Nicobar IslandOnges are one of the most primitive tribes in India. They belong to the Negrito racial stock and they have been mainly seen near the Dugong creek in Little Andaman. They are dependent on the food provided by nature and are a semi-nomadic tribe.
    The onge population fell post british colonization from 672 in 1986 to 92 in 1901 but has remained stable since.
     
     ShompenAndaman & Nicobar IslandThe Shompens, who live in the Great Nicobar island, are a semi-nomadic people. They wander in their forest and coastal habitat in search of fruits and games. There are two territorial groups among the Shompens; The habitation of Shompens is the Great Nicobar which is the largest among the Nicobar group of Islands. Like the Nicobarese, they belong to the Mongoloid race. 
     PangwalHimachal Pradesh.1.These rugged people, who are Hindus, have their unique customs, traditions, and institutions. The native Pangwals and Bhotis are robust, hardworking, handsome people who keep the valley’s unique culture alive in folk songs, music and tribal dances.Music, dance and the locally brewed liquor ‘patar’, play a significant role in the life of the Pangwals. One of the major festivals celebrated towards the end of February is ‘Jukaru’
     SherdukpenAruanchal Pradesh1.The Sherdukpen language is part of the Kanauri branch of the Tibeto-Burman family.
    2.Bardo Chham is a folk dance of Sherdukpens, a small community of West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh, Bardo Chham is based on the stories of good and evil. According to the local beliefs, there are both good and evil in mankind. The Sherdukpens mask themselves representing the different animals and dance to show an act of fighting the evil forces.
     
     Wattal tribeJammu & KashmirDumhal dance is performed by Wattal tribe on special occassions 
     BhutiasSikkim1.The Bhutia are a community of people of Tibetan ancestry, who speak Lhopo or Sikkimese, a Tibetan dialect fairly mutually intelligible to standard Tibetan
    2. Singhi Chham or Kanchendzonga Dance is a dance form in Sikkim whereby the dancers perform in a lion costume that represents the snow lion. It is a dance of the Bhutia people
     
     TodasTamil NaduTribals of Nilgiri hills 

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  • How to Prepare Environment and S&T holistically| Free Session by Arpit sir | For Prelims 2021 and UPSC 2022 aspirants | Limited slots available

    How to Prepare Environment and S&T holistically| Free Session by Arpit sir | For Prelims 2021 and UPSC 2022 aspirants | Limited slots available

    Dear aspirants,

    In the past few years, UPSC has been asking a number of questions from subjects like – Environment and Science, and Technology consistently in both Preliminary and Main Exam. This Webinar has very clear objectives to streamline your preparation in these subjects if you have started it, and to guide you if you are going to start now.

    Why is this session important?

    Environment and S&T make up 20% of the paper. You cannot afford to miss a single question.

    What can you learn in this webinar?

    1. The contour of syllabus: What to read – implicit and explicit decoding of the syllabus (for both static and current affairs).
    2. Confidence Building in subjects – Environment and S&T for Prelims 2021/22. This is essential for those done with at least one reading of the basic material.
    3. Process Orientation: The right methodology to reach to a logical conclusion while solving MCQs in Environment and S&T questions.
    4. Integration: Static + Dynamic And Knowledge + Reasoning
    5. Answer Writing: Outlining the importance and approach towards answer writing in these subjects. 
    6. Managing With Work: Discussion on approach towards the exam for working professionals to utilise their time better.

    Dedicated Q&A session for specific queries.

    This live webinar is going to be one of the best ways to start or rejuvenate your preparation in these subjects. 

    Overall, this is the first step to rationalize your preparation and maximize the probability of cracking UPSC CSE.

    The webinar is absolutely free. 

    Date: 19/9/21 (Sunday)

    Time: 7:00 P.M.

    About your Mentor – Arpit Verma
    Arpit is an Engineer by qualification and a teacher by inclination. He has experience in all the stages of UPSC and is in the coaching industry for about 8 years with diverse exposure. For him, the process is more important than instant gratification as once learned, it is the process that will ensure exam outcome.

  • [RSTV Archive] Agriculture: Priorities & Challenges

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

    The Vice President a few months back had advised top priority and coordinated action by both the Centre and the states to bring in reforms. He suggested that the 4 Ps – Parliament, political leaders, policymakers and press – must proactively adopt a positive bias towards agriculture.

    Observing that many people are leaving agriculture and migrating to urban areas because of rising input costs and unfavourable market conditions, he said the problems that are holding back Indian farmers from realizing their full potential must be identified and solved.

    India Agriculture: A backgrounder

    While agriculture’s share in India’s economy has progressively declined to less than 15% due to the high growth rates of the industrial and services sectors, the sector’s importance in India’s economic and social fabric goes well beyond this indicator as:

    • Population dependency: Nearly three-quarters of India’s families depend on rural incomes.
    • Rural sector: The majority of India’s poor (some 770 million people or about 70 percent) are found in rural areas.
    • Food Security: India’s food security depends on producing cereal crops, as well as increasing its production of fruits, vegetables and milk.

    India is a global agricultural powerhouse. It is the world’s largest producer of milk, pulses, and spices, and has the world’s largest cattle herd (buffaloes), as well as the largest area under wheat, rice and cotton.

    It is the second-largest producer of rice, wheat, cotton, sugarcane, farmed fish, sheep & goat meat, fruit, vegetables and tea.

    Challenges to Indian Agriculture

    Three agriculture sector challenges will be important to India’s overall development and the improved welfare of its rural poor:

    [1] Raising agricultural productivity per unit of land

    • Raising productivity per unit of land will need to be the main engine of agricultural growth as virtually all cultivable land is farmed.
    • Water resources are also limited and water for irrigation must contend with increasing industrial and urban needs.
    • All measures to increase productivity will need exploiting, amongst them: increasing yields, diversification to higher value crops, and developing value chains to reduce marketing costs.

    [2] Reducing rural poverty

    • Rural development must also benefit the poor, landless, women, scheduled castes and tribes.
    • Moreover, there are strong regional disparities: the majority of India’s poor are in rain-fed areas or in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains.
    • Hence, poverty alleviation is a central pillar of the rural development efforts.

    [3] Food security needs

    • The sharp rise in food-grain production during India’s Green Revolution of the 1970s enabled the country to achieve self-sufficiency in food-grains and stave off the threat of famine.
    • However, the recent slow-down in agricultural growth has become a major cause for concern.
    • India’s rice yields are one-third of China’s and about half of those in Vietnam and Indonesia. The same is true for most other agricultural commodities.

    Ground challenges

    [a] Small and Fragmented Land Holdings:

    • Small and scattered land holdings apply to a small plot of land that is uneconomical.
    • An agricultural farm must have a certain amount of land in order to be cost effective in terms of purchasing and utilizing inputs, as well as harvesting.

    [b] Quality seeds

    • The seed is a vital and essential inputs for the crops yields and maintaining agricultural production growth.
    • The delivery of high quality seeds is just as important as its processing.
    • Unfortunately, good superiority seed are out of reach for the majority of the farmers,  marginal farmers and particularly small, due to exorbitant seed  rates.

    [c] Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides

    • For hundreds of years, Indian soil were used to produce crops with no regard for replenishment. As a result, soils have been depleted and exhausted, leading to low productivity.
    • Almost all of the crop has among the lowermost average yields in the world.
    • It is a critical concern that can be resolved by increasing the use of fertilizers and manures.

    [d] Irrigation challenges

    • Despite  the  fact  that  India  is a  world’s 2nd  largest  moistened  country  after  the  China,  only  one 3rd  of  the  crop  production  is  irrigated. 
    • In  a  rainy  climate  country  like  India,  where  rainfall  is  unpredictable,  unreliable,  and  erratic,  irrigation  is  the  most  significant  agricultural  input. 
    • India will  not  be  able  to  make  sustainable  development in agriculture until and unless much than half of the collected area is irrigated.

    [e] Lack of Mechanization

    • Despite the large scales mechanization of the agriculture in few part of the world, most agricultural operation are still carried out manually.
    • Irrigating, sowing, thinning, ploughing and pruning, harvesting threshing, weeding, and transporting the crops all make little or no use of machines.
    • This is particularly true for small and marginal farmers.  It leads to significant waste of labour and human labour yields per capita.

    Priority Areas for Support

    [A] Enhancing agricultural productivity, competitiveness, and rural growth

    (1) Promoting new technologies and reforming agricultural research and extension:

    • Major reform and strengthening of India’s agricultural research and extension systems is one of the most important needs for agricultural growth.
    • These services have declined over time due to chronic underfunding of infrastructure and operations, no replacement of aging researchers or broad access to state-of-the-art technologies.
    • Research now has little to provide beyond the time-worn packages of the past.

    (2) Improving Water Resources and Irrigation/Drainage Management

    • Agriculture is India’s largest user of water.
    • However, increasing competition for water between industry, domestic use and agriculture has highlighted the need to plan and manage water on a river basin and multi-sectoral basis.
    • As urban and other demands multiply, less water is likely to be available for irrigation. Ways to radically enhance the productivity of irrigation (“more crop per drop”) need to be found.
    • Piped conveyance, better on-farm management of water, and use of more efficient delivery mechanisms such as drip irrigation are among the actions that could be taken.

    (3) Facilitating crop diversification to higher-value commodities

    • Encouraging farmers to diversify to higher value commodities will be a significant factor for higher agricultural growth, particularly in rain-fed areas where poverty is high.
    • Moreover, considerable potential exists for expanding agro-processing and building competitive value chains from producers to urban centers and export markets.
    • While diversification initiatives should be left to farmers and entrepreneurs, the Government can, first and foremost, liberalize constraints to marketing, transport, export and processing.

    (4) Promoting high growth commodities

    • Some agricultural sub-sectors have particularly high potential for expansion, notably dairy.
    • The livestock sector, primarily due to dairy, contributes over a quarter of agricultural GDP and is a source of income for 70% of India’s rural families, mostly those who are poor and headed by women.
    • Growth in milk production, at about 4% per annum, has been brisk, but future domestic demand is expected to grow by at least 5% per annum.
    • Milk production is constrained, however, by the poor genetic quality of cows, inadequate nutrients, inaccessible veterinary care, and other factors.

    (5) Developing markets, agricultural credit and public expenditures

    • India’s legacy of extensive government involvement in agricultural marketing has created restrictions in internal and external trade.
    • Even so, private sector investment in marketing, value chains and agro-processing is growing, but much slower than potential.
    • While some restrictions are being lifted, considerably more needs to be done to enable diversification and minimize consumer prices.
    • Improving access to rural finance for farmers is another need as it remains difficult for farmers to get credit.

    [B] Poverty alleviation and community actions

    • While agricultural growth will, in itself, provide the base for increasing incomes, for the 170 million or so rural persons that are below the poverty line, additional measures are required to make this growth inclusive.
    • For instance, a rural livelihoods program that empowers communities to become self-reliant has been found to be particularly effective and well-suited for scaling-up.
    • This program promotes the formation of self-help groups, increases community savings, and promotes local initiatives to increase incomes and employment.

    [C] Sustaining the environment and future agricultural productivity

    (1) Over-use management

    • In parts of India, the over-pumping of water for agricultural use is leading to falling groundwater levels. Conversely, water-logging is leading to the build-up of salts in the soils of some irrigated areas.
    • In rain-fed areas on the other hand, where the majority of the rural population live, agricultural practices need adapting to reduce soil erosion and increase the absorption of rainfall.
    • Watershed management programs can be implemented where communities engage in land planning and adopt agricultural practices that protect soils.
    • This can lead to increase in water absorption and raise productivity through higher yields and crop diversification.

    (2) Climate change mitigation

    • More extreme events – droughts, floods, erratic rains – are expected and would have greatest impact in rain-fed areas.
    • The watershed program, allied with initiatives from agricultural research and extension, may be the most suited agricultural program for promoting new varieties of crops and improved farm practices.

    [D] Marketing reforms

    • In the absence of properly organized market and sufficient transportations facilities, Indian farmers face a problem of the low incomes from their vendible surplus crops.
    • As a result, farmers have fallen prey to distributers for the fast discarding of their crop at the lower price and uneconomic.
    • Price fluctuations in agricultural product are also a significant threat in Indian agriculture.
    • Price stability is important not only for farmers, but also for buyers, exporters, and agro-based industry.
    • The price movements of the agricultural product in India are neither the smooth nor the uniform, resulting in a fluctuating pattern.

    Various govt initiatives

    The Government of India has taken several steps which include:

    • Improvement in soil fertility through the Soil Health Card scheme.
    • Providing improved access to irrigation and enhanced water efficiency through Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY).
    • Supporting organic farming through Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY).
    • Support for creation of a unified national agriculture market to boost the income of farmers.
    • A new scheme, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) has been launched for implementation from Kharif 2016 to mitigate the risk of crop loss in agriculture sector.
    • Marketing reforms through the three farm laws.

    Conclusion

    • Among the major sources of agrarian distress are low levels of farmers’ incomes and their fluctuations over the years.
    • The problem is acute and is getting severe with the passage of time, affecting large chunks of the population that make living with agriculture.
    • Persistent low levels of income may also adversely affects the future of agriculture sector in India.
    • Adequate attention is required to improve the agricultural incomes and thus the welfare of the farmers to secure future of agriculture in the country.
    • Reaching this end will reduce persistent disparity between farm and non-farm income, alleviate agrarian distress, encourage inclusive growth and infuse dynamism in the farming sector.
    • Decent incomes in farm sector will also attract youth towards the farming profession relieving the non-farm job sector of the continuing burden.
  • Streak Daily Compilation of Questions & Videos – Sep 16, 2021

    Maintaining consistency is one of the biggest issues faced by IAS Aspirants. Streak’s initiative is to help Aspirants in their day-to-day preparation. You can follow the monthly, weekly, and daily timetables and continue this streak until you find yourself on the final list.

    Please register for Streak Initiative (free) through this link:- https://www.civilsdaily.com/course/streak-daily-initiative/

    You will get following study material:-

    1. Questions (PDF).
    2. RSTV/Yojana monthly notes (PDF).
    3. Burning issue (PDF).
    4. Subject specific (PDF).
    5. Mentor’s phone call for support & encouragement.

    _____________________________________________

    Daily Study Plan with Answer Writing Challenge || STREAK FREE INITIATIVE FOR UPSC IAS – by Ravi Ranjan

    UPSC PRELIMS-2021 || Current Affairs Based Most Probable Questions on International Relations – by Sukanya Rana

    Q1) Consider statements on Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Partnership Initiative:

    1. Apatani wet rice cultivation and Kuttanad wetland agriculture are sites under FAO GIAHS.

    2. Kuttanad Wetland Agriculture System is the only system in India that favours rice cultivation below sea level.

    Which of the above statements is/are correct?

    a) 1 only

    b) 2 only

    c) Both 1 and 2

    d) Neither 1 nor 2

    Q2) Consider the following statements on International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR):

    1. The ICCPR is monitored by the United Nations Human Rights Council.

    2. All UN members are part of ICCPR.

    Which of the above statements is/are correct?

    a) 1 only

    b) 2 only

    c) Both 1 and 2

    d) Neither 1 nor 2

    Q3) Consider the following statements:

    1. Chemical Weapons Convention is an arms control treaty administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).

    2. Non signatories to biological weapons convention include: Israel, Somalia, Iran, Syria.

    Select correct option:

    a) 1 only

    b) 2 only

    c) 1 and 2

    d) None

    Q4) Consider the following statements:

    1. Prevention of arms race in outer space is a document governed under the outer space treaty.

    2. Fissile material cut off treaty is legally binding on its signatories.

    Select correct option:

    a) 1 only

    b)2 only

    c) 1 and 2

    d) None

    Q5) Consider the following statements with respect to Exercise Shantir Ogroshena 2021 

    1. It is a multilateral military exercise conducted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 

    2. India and Pakistan are participating in the exercise along with Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

    Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? 

    a) 1 only 

    b) 2 only 

    c) Both 1 and 2 

    d) Neither 1 nor 2

  • How lack of consistency can cost you an attempt in UPSC?

    How lack of consistency can cost you an attempt in UPSC?

    We talked to 8000+ aspirants in the last one year and their answers will surprise you.

    Inconsistency in UPSC preparation is like getting up at 5 am. A night before you set up your alarm. The motivation to get up is high at this point. But in the morning, when the alarm rings, we swipe it to the right with a thought “IN 5 MINUTES…FOR SURE!!”. This snooze cycle usually continues for some time till we realize it is 8 am. Already a bad start to the day! To add to it, you will spend the whole day repenting upon not being able to get up early, instead of focusing upon the time we have. The same goes for UPSC preparation. You set your targets but one slight glitch and your whole preparation go off track. Till the time you yourself realize this mismanagement, it is a bit too late. Anxiety builds up, performance levels fall. You are not able to achieve even 10% OF YOUR TRUE POTENTIAL on the D-day.

    WE ASKED 8000+ STUDENTS ONE SIMPLE QUESTION –

    “WHAT IS THE BIGGEST OBSTACLE THAT YOU ARE FACING IN YOUR UPSC PREPARATION?”

    YOU WILL BE ASTOUNDED THAT ONE ANSWER WAS COMMON IN REPLIES – INCONSISTENCY.

    They are Consistently Inconsistent. Meaning, they go through these highs and lows in their preparation. They are able to study for days, week but they hit a sudden gap in preparation. Then, they find it very hard to come back. The good news is that we have the solution.

    Our philosophy behind MENTORSHIP is to get you out of this Snooze cycle. This ensures that you are the BEST VERSION of yourself in this journey. If you are under the impression that mentorship is weekly calls you attend, then you are mistaken, my friend. Trust us, your mentor will be your ‘FRIEND, PHILOSOPHER AND GUIDE’.

    How Mentorship can fight inconsistency in preparation?

    TO EACH THEIR OWN – Every aspirant is different. Their strengths and weaknesses are different. Their time availability is also different. Identifying this is important so you don’t end up making unrealistic targets and lose momentum. Your mentor will make sure you start slow but remain consistent to build your confidence. Making your schedule structured based on our experience of working with 2500+ students is our first priority. 

    TRACK YOUR PROGRESS – When you see yourself grow, it becomes easier to motivate yourself to push boundaries. Tracking your progress can happen in many ways like mentorship calls or chat sessions or by regular tests. The idea is to ensure that you don’t go off track in your preparation, and even if you do, we have your back.

    EVOLUTION – A constant guidance is important to bring consistency to your UPSC preparation. Guidance is not about clearing your doubts or asking you to study when you don’t. It is also about the evolution of your preparation. This is where you and your mentor work as a team. A constant effort to PLAN AND BUILD UP YOUR ABILITY to learn in a faster and more efficient way.

    TALK IT OUT – The biggest hurdle in achieving your highest level of consistency is the emotional part. Every now and then, you. surround yourself with negative thoughts, you feel scared and depressed. Instead of resolving these emotional issues, you avoid them as it seems like a waste of your precious time. You have to understand that ignoring emotional troubles does not solve them. What your doing is building an emotional time bomb that may burst a week before your mains or prelims! This is where your MENTOR AS A FRIEND comes in. All our mentors have been through this journey. We understand your fears and anxieties. So, TALK IT OUT.

    Don’t let inconsistency keep you away from your dreams.

    Fill up the SAMANVAYA form given below. Let us know your problems and we will find a solution to it, just like our students say ” TOGETHER WE CAN AND WE WILL”.