As per recommendations of 2nd National Commission on Labour, 29 labor laws in India have been consolidated into Four comprehensive… Continue reading Discuss the merits and demerits of the four ‘Labour Codes’ in the context of labour market reforms in India. What has been the progress so far in this regard?

Data has emerged as ‘New Oil.’ As  technology has become the defining paradigm of the 21st century, the DPDP Act,… Continue reading Describe the context and salient features of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

‘Narcoterrorism’ refers to the use of drug trafficking networks—routes, funding mechanisms, and incomes—by terrorist organizations. According to the Narcotics Control… Continue reading Explain how narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat across the country. Suggest suitable measures to counter narco-terrorism

“World today is economically richer & environmentally poorer the ever”  The UN Department of Public Information (DPI) defines the NGO… Continue reading What role do environmental NGOs and activists play in influencing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) outcomes for major projects in India? Cite four examples with all important details

As per CPCB report, 46 percent of the 603 Indian rivers are polluted based on indicator of organic pollution i.e.… Continue reading Industrial pollution of river water is a significant environmental issue in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to deal with this problem and also the government’s initiatives in this regard

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) had introduced RFID-based FASTag as the primary technology used for electronic toll collection… Continue reading What is the technology being employed for electronic toll collection on highways? What are its advantages and limitations? What are the proposed changes that will make this process seamless? Would this transition carry any potential hazards?

As per WIPO, Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs;… Continue reading What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although, India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized. Explain the reasons behind this less commercialization

In a country like India, where malnutrition, food insecurity, and lifestyle diseases coexist, millets, often termed “Nutri-cereals,” offer a powerful… Continue reading Explain the role of millets for ensuring health and nutritional security in India

Land reform refers to the systematic alteration of laws, regulations, and practices governing land ownership, distribution, and use to achieve… Continue reading What were the factors responsible for the successful implementation of land reforms in some parts of the country? Elaborate.

As per data by RBI, in the period 2016-2020, the average food inflation was 2.9 percent. This has more than… Continue reading What are the causes of persistent high food inflation in India? Comment on the effectiveness of the monetary policy of the RBI to control this type of inflation.

Indian constitution envisions a welfare state under Article 38 of the constitution which is reflected in public expenditure on social… Continue reading Examine the pattern and trend of public expenditure on social services in the post-reforms period in India. To what extent this has been in consonance with achieving the objective of inclusive growth?

As Prime Minister Narendra Modi said “India and the Maldives are not just neighbors; we are natural partners. Our destinies… Continue reading Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and energy flows. Further also discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition?

Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the… Continue reading “Terrorism has become a significant threat to global peace and security.’ Evaluate the effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council’s Counter Terrorism Committee (CTC) and its associated bodies in addressing and mitigating this threat at the international level.

The World Bank defines e-governance as the use by government agencies of information technologies (such as Wide Area Networks, the… Continue reading e-governance is not just about the routine application of digital technology in service delivery process. It is as much about multifarious interactions for ensuring transparency and accountability. In this context evaluate the role of the ‘Interactive Service Model’ of e governance.

Healthcare is a fundamental right crucial for individual dignity and welfare. Article 47 of the Indian Constitution highlights the State’s… Continue reading In a crucial domain like the public healthcare system the Indian State should play a vital role to contain the adverse impact of marketisation of the system. Suggest some measures through which the State can enhance the reach of public healthcare at the grassroots level.

As per 2nd ARC, Citizen Charter is a public statement that defines the entitlements of citizens to a specific service,… Continue reading The Citizens’ charter has been a landmark initiative in ensuring citizen-centric administration. But it is yet to reach its full potential. Identify the factors hindering the realization of its promise and suggest measures to overcome them.

Secularism is a principle that advocates the separation of religion from politics and governance. It seeks toestablish a society where… Continue reading Discuss India as a secular state and compare with the secular principles of the US constitution.

The Supreme Court has defined Public Interest Litigation (PIL) as “a legal action initiated in a court of law for… Continue reading Explain the reasons for the growth of public interest litigation in India. As a result of it, has the Indian Supreme Court emerged as the world’s most powerful judiciary?

“Indian Union is a unitary state with subsidiary federal features rather than a federal state with subsidiary unitary features.”  –… Continue reading What changes has the Union Government recently introduced in the domain of Centre-State relations? Suggest measures to be adopted to build the trust between the Centre and the States and for strengthening federalism.