Q.3 The shift from fossil fuels to clean energy will be turbulent. Examine the characteristics trend emerging from this shift? Suggest the steps India needs to take to make the transition less turbulent.

Mentor’s comment-

https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/preparing-for-a-green-energy-shift-in-2022-7702711/
In the intro, mention that one hundred and thirty-three countries have committed to net-zero emission targets.
In the body, mention features of the shift such as cost, the dominance of fossil fuels during the transition, resurge in “OPEC plus” dominance, new centers of energy power, etc. The suggestions for India mention nurturing relations with traditional fuel suppliers, building up the storage capacity for oil and gas, ecosystem for search and development of minerals and metals required for clean energy, etc.
Conclude by mentioning that green transition must not lead to import dependency on raw minerals and manufactured inputs, especially from China.