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Why in the News?

India responded to investigations by the United States Trade Representative under Section 301 on forced labour and excess capacity.

Key Points

  • Section 301: US law to investigate unfair trade practices and impose tariffs.
  • India on Forced Labour: India has ratified International Labour Organization conventions:
    • Forced Labour Convention, 1930
    • Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957
  • India on Excess Capacity: Economy is largely domestic demand driven
    • Export to GDP ratio about 12 percent
  • Trade Surplus Argument: Trade surplus is a normal outcome of global trade
    • Based on comparative advantage
  • US Concerns: Overcapacity affecting US jobs and industries
  • India’s Counter
    • India accounts for only about 3.1 percent of US imports
    • Limited role in US trade deficit
[2018] International Labour Organization’s Conventions 138 and 182 are related to: 
(a) Child labour 
(b) Adaptation of agriculture practices to global climate change 
(c) Regulation of food prices and food security 
(d) Gender parity at the workplace

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