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India’s Power Demand, Solar Push and Coal Use amid El Niño 

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Why in the News

India is preparing to meet rising summer power demand and possible El Niño conditions by relying on a mix of augmented solar capacity and coal based thermal power.

Key Highlights

  • Peak power demand reached around 256 GW (April 2026)
  • Thermal power share: about 66.9 percent
  • Solar contribution increased to about 21.5 percent
  • Record addition of 44.61 GW solar capacity in 2025–26

Role of Solar Energy

  • Rapid increase in installed capacity
  • Solar share in generation rising steadily:
    • Around 5.6 percent (2022)
    • Around 9 percent (2025)
  • Limitations:
    • Intermittent nature
    • Lack of sufficient battery storage
    • Grid stability concerns

Role of Coal Based Thermal Power

  • Continues to be dominant source of electricity
  • Ensures base load supply during peak demand
  • Current coal stock: ~200 million tonnes
  • Sufficient for about 80 plus days

What is El Niño?

  • A climate phenomenon involving warming of Pacific Ocean waters
  • Leads to:
    • Weaker monsoon in India
    • Longer dry spells and heatwaves
[2023] Consider the following statements: 
Statement-IIndia, despite having Uranium deposits, depends on coal for most of its electricity production. 
Statement-II:Uranium, enriched to the extent of at least 60%, is required for the production of electricity. 
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements 
[A] Both Statement-I and Statement – II are correct and Statement- II is the correct explanation for Statement- I 
[B] Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. 
[C] Statement- I is Correct but Statement-II is incorrect. 
[D] Statement-I incorrect but Statement-II is correct.

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