Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: Global Tax Evasion Report
Mains level: Call for tax on billionaires
Central Idea
- The release of the ‘Global Tax Evasion Report’ marks a pivotal moment in the global fight against tax evasion.
- This report serves as a comprehensive analysis of the state of global taxation and its implications.
About Global Tax Evasion Report
- The ‘Global Tax Evasion Report’ is compiled by the EU Tax Observatory, a research institution specializing in international tax matters, established in 2021.
- This inaugural edition of the report is the result of collaborative efforts involving over 100 researchers from across the globe, working alongside tax authorities.
- It represents the first systematic attempt to analyze available data in the field of taxation.
Global Minimum Tax for MNCs
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Tax HavenA tax haven is a foreign country or corporation used to avoid or reduce income taxes, especially by investors from another country. A tax haven is a country or place that has a low rate of tax so that people choose to live there or register companies there in order to avoid paying higher tax in their own countries. |
Key Findings of the GTE Report
The report uncovers the following pivotal findings:
- Reduction in Offshore Tax Evasion: Wealthy individuals’ offshore tax evasion has significantly declined over the past decade, primarily due to the automatic exchange of bank information, resulting in a three-fold reduction in evasion.
- Profit Shifting to Tax Havens: MNCs shifted approximately $1 trillion to tax havens in 2022, accounting for 35% of their global profits. This has led to a substantial loss in global corporate tax revenues, impacting approximately 10% of total collections, with U.S. multinationals playing a prominent role.
- Global Minimum Tax Impact: The expected positive impact of the 15% global minimum tax rate on MNCs has been weakened by various loopholes.
- Low Taxation for Billionaires: Billionaires globally often experience effective tax rates ranging from 0% to 0.5% of their wealth, utilizing shell companies to evade income taxes.
- Aggressive Tax Competition: New forms of aggressive tax competition have emerged, eroding government revenues and exacerbating inequality.
Proposed solutions
- Empowering ‘Automatic Exchange of Bank Information’: Launched in 2017 to combat offshore tax evasion by affluent individuals. Facilitated the sharing of deposit information with foreign tax authorities.
- Global Minimum Tax on Billionaires: Proposes a 2% global minimum tax on billionaires, mirroring the model for MNCs, ensuring minimum tax rates for the wealthiest individuals.
- Strengthening Global Minimum Tax for MNCs: Advocates for reinforcing the global minimum tax for MNCs while eliminating existing loopholes, potentially augmenting global corporate tax revenues by $250 billion annually.
- Fair Allocation of Additional Revenues: Proposes mechanisms for equitable distribution of additional tax revenues generated by these measures among countries.
Conclusion
- The GTE report illuminates substantial progress in curbing tax evasion while underscoring persistent challenges and reform opportunities.
- The proposed solutions aim to foster international collaboration in addressing tax-related issues and promoting fiscal equity on a global scale.
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