Dear Aspirants,

This Spotlight is a part of our Mission Nikaalo Prelims-2023.

You can check the broad timetable of Nikaalo Prelims here

Session Details

YouTube LIVE with Parth sir – 1 PM  – Prelims Spotlight Session

Evening 04 PM  – Daily Mini Tests

Join our Official telegram channel for Study material and Daily Sessions Here

31st Mar 2023

BASICS OF CELLULAR NETWORK

• Mobile communication involves transmitting voice or data using wireless radio transmission.
• Mobile generations refer to change like mobile wireless communication network speed, technology, data capacity, frequency, latency etc.

5G:

• 5G is the next-generation cellular technology that will provide faster and more reliable communication with ultra-low latency.
• Latency is a measure of delay. In a network, latency measures the time it takes for some data to get to its destination across the network.

4G:

• 4G mobile technology provides wireless mobile broadband internet access in addition to voice and other services of 3G.
• Applications include improved web access, Internet Protocol (IP) telephony, Video Conferencing, Cloud Computing, Gaming Services, High-Definition Mobile TV etc.
• 4G uses LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, which allows voice & data-communication simultaneously.

WI-FI (WIRELESS FIDELITY) 6:

• Wi-Fi 6 is the sixth generation of WIFI, working on the same principal as other wireless devices- It uses radio frequencies to send signals between devices.
• Wi-Fi is just a type of WLAN.

Wi-Fi 6 caters the need of improved network connection and speed which is required for the Internet of Things (IoT).

INFLIGHT WIFI

• Recently the Indian government approved to provide inflight Wi-Fi service.
• It works based on any one of the following two methods:

1. 1. Air-to-ground Wi-Fi System: Similar to cell phone connectivity.
   2. Satellite-based Wi-Fi System

BLUETOOTH

• It is a wireless technology standard used to exchange data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances using Radio waves.
• Bluetooth 2 is the latest version.

HOTSPOT

• A hotspot is a physical location where people can access the Internet, via a wireless local area network (WLAN) with a router connected to an Internet service provider.

WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY

• These are smart electronic devices designed to be worn on the user’s body.
• Ex: Smart jewelry, Wristbands, watches etc.
• These devices detect, analyze, and transmit information.
• Wearable technology is evolving into an important category of the Internet of things, with life-changing applications in medicine and other fields.

NEAR-FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC)

• NFC is a short-range contactless communicationtechnology based on a Radio Frequency (RF) field using a base frequency of 13.56 MHz
• NFC-enabled devices must be either physically touching or within a few centimeters of each other for data transfer to occur.

RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)

• RFID technology uses radio waves to passively identify a tagged object.
• An RFID tag consists of a tiny radio transponder; a radio receiver and transmitter.
• Unlike a barcode, the tag doesn’t need to be within the line of sight of the reader, so it may be embedded in the tracked object.

INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT):

• IoT is the interlinking of digital devices, people, machines, appliances, & other objects with one another through wireless networks.
• It allows machines & people to be connected and communicate as well.
• IoT Applications are many including works of daily life, Industry, Agriculture, Healthcare, Transportation, Governance etc.

IoT and India

• IoT is part of Digital India mission.
• The National Digital Communications Policy, 2018 to aid its development.
• 100% FDI is allowed in the Telecom sector.
• The government has set a target of USD 15 billion for the IoT market by the year 2020. This would be 5 to 6% of the global IoT industry.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI):

• AI refers to the simulation of human intelligencein machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions.
• AI is a self, adaptive learning
• Applications: Industrial automation, Space science, self-driven cars, Healthcare sector, weather forecasting etc.

SUPERCOMPUTERS:

• Theseare large systems that are specifically designed to solve complex scientific & industrial challenges.
• The performance of a supercomputer is measured in Floating-Point Operations per Second (FLOPS).
• The top five Supercomputers in the world:

1. 1. Fugaku (Japan)
   2. Summit (USA)
   3. Sierra (USA)
   4. Sunway Taihu Light (China)
   5. Tianhe-2 (China)

• India has 4 supercomputers in the list of world’s top 500 supercomputers with Pratyush & Mihir being the fastest super-computers in India.
• Application areas: Climate Modeling, Computational Biology, Atomic Energy Simulations, National Defence, Disaster management etc.

NATIONAL SUPERCOMPUTING MISSION (NSM):

• Launched in 2015
• NSM is jointly steered by the MeitY and Department of S&T (DST) &
• Implemented by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune & the IISc, Bengaluru.
• Objective: to connect national academic and R&D institutions with a grid of over 70 high-performance computing facilities.
• These will be networked on the ‘National Supercomputing Grid’ over theNational Knowledge Network (NKN).

QUANTUM COMPUTING:

• Quantum computersare machines that use the properties of quantum physics to store data and perform computations.
• A classical computer performs operations using classical bits, which can be either 0 or 1.
• Quantum computer uses quantum bits or Qubits, which can be both 0 and 1 at the same time.
• Major advantages: Faster, Accurate, & Energy efficient.

QUANTUM COMPUTING AND INDIA

• There are no quantum computers in India yet.
• In 2018, the Department of Science & Technology unveiled a programme called Quantum-Enabled Science & Technology (QuST) to accelerate research on Quantum computing.
• SYCAMORE: is Google’s Quantum Computer, which recently claimed Quantum Supremacy.
• It reportedly did a task in 200 seconds that would have taken a supercomputer 10,000 years to complete.
• Quantum Supremacy: refers to quantum computers being able to solve a problem that a classical computer cannot.