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  • Prelims Spotlight: Functions/powers of Judiciary

    Dear Aspirants,

    This Spotlight is a part of our Mission Nikaalo Prelims-2022.

    You can check the broad timetable of Nikaalo Prelims here

    Session Details

    Morning 12 PM  – Prelims Spotlight Session

    Evening 06 PM  – TIKDAM/MCQs Session

    Evening 08 PM  – Tests on Alternate Days

    Join our Official telegram channel for Study material and Daily Sessions Here

    14th Mar 2022

    Appointments:

    1. Parliament decide the number of judges of supreme court while president decide the numbers in high courts
    2. Both supreme court and high court judges are appointed as well as removed by president
    3. Salaries of high court judges is charged on CFS while pension is charged on CFI
    4. Appointment by collegium system (CJI plus 4 senior most supreme court judges) after 3rd judges case
    5. District judges are appointed by governor in consultation with high courts
    6. Both SC and HC judges need 10 year practice in high court but SC judge need 5 year judgeship in high court while HC judge needs 10 years of judgeship
    7. A distinguished jurist can be appointed as judges of supreme court but not high court
    8. Removal by special majority of parliament on grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity
    9. SC judges can’t practice w/i india post retirement: high court judges can in supreme court or other high courts <but there is no bar on further appointments such as chairperson or members of NHRC etc>
    10. Constitution provided for 1 high court for each state but 7th amendment allowed parliament to establish common high courts

    Jurisdictions of courts

    Exclusive (original by default) Original <concurrent with high courts> Appellate Advisory
    Petition only in supreme court (directly by default) Directly in supreme court Appeals from high court President refers(art 143)
    Federal disputes, inter state matters, disputes regarding election of president, VP Writ under art 32 Appeals, SLP Not necessary to tender opinion except on pre constitutional matters

    Types of Writs

    Writ Habeas Corpus Mandamus Prohibition Certiorari Quo Warranto
    Meaning -To produce the body

    -Against arbitrary detention

    		 -We command

    -to perform Official duty

    		 -To forbid

    – from exceeding jurisdiction

    		 – to be certified

    -transfer a case or quash an order

    		 -by what authority

    -legality of claim to public office
    Issued against public as well as private authority Public official, court, tribunal Judicial, quasi Judicial Judicial, quasi Judicial and administrative authorities Substantive public office created by constitution or statute
    Can’t be issues against Lawful detention private Private, administrative, legislative Private, legislative Ministerial, private
    Who can file Aggrieved person Aggrieved person Aggrieved person Aggrieved person Any person

    Writ jurisdiction of Supreme court v/s High Court

    Court Supreme court High Court
    Article 32 226
    Scope Only for FRs FRs plus legal rights

    Powers of High Court and Supreme Court

    There are different types of jurisdictions and powers of the Supreme Court. Some of them are listed below :

    1. Original Jurisdiction

    Being a Federal court, the Supreme Court decides disputes between –

    • Two or more states
    • Centre and the state/states
    • Centre and states on one side and the other states on the other side

    In any of the above-mentioned disputes, the supreme court has the exclusive original jurisdiction.

    However, this jurisdiction does not apply to the following cases-

    • A dispute that arose out of any pre-Constitution treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, and or any other similar instruments.
    • Any Inter-state water disputes.
    • Matters that are referred to the Finance Commission.
    • Recovery of the damages by a state against the Centre.
    • An ordinary dispute that is commercial between the Centre and the states.
    • A dispute that arose out of any treaty, agreement, etc., which specifically provides that the said jurisdiction does not extend to such a dispute.
    • An adjustment of certain expenses and pensions between the Centre and the states.

    2. Writ Jurisdiction

    The Supreme Court is granted the power to issue writs, like habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo-warranto, and certiorari for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of an aggrieved citizen.

    However, this jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is not exclusive as the High Courts are also granted the power to issue writs for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights.

    3. Appellate Jurisdiction

    Several appeals can be made in the Supreme Court of India. These appeals can be broadly classified into four categories, that are, Constitutional Matters, Civil Matters, Criminal Matters, and Special Leaves.

    4. Advisory Jurisdiction

    Under Article 143, the President of India has the right to seek the advice of the Supreme court when any question of law or fact of public importance which has arisen or is likely to arise or if any dispute is arising out of any pre-constitution treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, or other similar instruments.

    5. Court of record

    Herein, the Supreme Court of India has two powers, that are –

    • It is given the authority to punish for the contempt of court, either with simple imprisonment for a term up to six months or with fine up to 2,000 or both.
    • The judgments, proceedings, and acts of the Supreme Court are recorded for perpetual memory and testimony and they are recognized as legal precedents and legal references.

    Some of the Powers that are granted to the High Court are the following –

    1. Original Jurisdiction

    The high courts are empowered to issue writs to enforce fundamental rights, as and when needed. Adding to this, they have original jurisdiction in cases that are related to will, divorce, contempt of court, and admiralty. Furthermore, election petitions can also be heard in the High Court.

    2. Appellate Jurisdiction

    An appeal can be made to the High Court against a district court’s decision, in the civil cases. If the dispute involves a value that is higher than Rs. 5000/- or on a question of fact or law, then an appeal can be made from the subordinate court, directly.

    A person can move to the High Court if he has been awarded imprisonment of seven years and above under a criminal case. Appeals on constitutional matters can also be taken up in the High Court.

    3. Administrative Powers

    The high court is the controller of all the subordinate courts. It also has the right to ask for the details of the proceedings from the subordinate courts. The rules regarding the working of the subordinate courts are also issued by the High court.

    The High Court can also appoint its administration staff and determine their salaries and allowances, and conditions of service.

     

    4. Power of Judicial Review

    High Courts hold the power of judicial review. They have the right to declare any law or ordinance as unconstitutional if it is found to be against the Constitution of India.

    5. Power of Cancellation

    A High Court alone can choose to certify the cases that it feels are fit for an appeal before the Supreme Court of India.

    Qualification and Appointment

    The Qualification that is needed to be a Judge in the Supreme Court of India are that he/she –

    1. Should be a citizen of the country.
    2. Should have been the judge of one of the high courts of the country for at least 5 years.
    3. The president of the country shall consider him to be a distinguished jurist.
    4. Should have been an advocate in any one of the high courts of the country for a period of 10 years.

    It shall be noted that no minimum age of a Judge of the Supreme Court has been mentioned in the Indian Constitution.

    The Qualification that is needed to be a judge in the Judge in the high court of the country is that he/she should –

    1. Have held a judicial office in the Indian territory for 10 years, OR
    2. Have been an advocate of the high court(s) for a minimum period of ten years.

    Removal procedure

    1. A Supreme Court or a High Court Judge shall be removed from his post concerning an order passed by the President of the Country. However, this order of removal can only be issued after the Parliament presented and addressed him on the same matter.
    2. The address in the parliament shall need a majority of two-thirds of the members that are present and voting in the house.
    3. The two grounds on which a Supreme Court or a High Court judge shall be removed are proved misbehavior or incapacity.
    4. The procedure relating to the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court or the High Court is regulated by The Judges Enquiry Act (1968).
    5. It must also be noted that to date, no judge of the Supreme Court of India has been impeached by the Parliament and the President.

    Constitutional Provisions

    Articles 13, 32, 131-136, 143, 145, 226, 246, 251, 254, and 372 are the constitutional provisions that guarantee judicial review of legislation.

    1. Article 13 considers any law void which contravenes any of the provisions of the part of Fundamental Rights.
    2. Article 372 talks about the judicial review of the pre-constitution legislation.
    3. Both Articles 32 and 226 entrusts the roles of the protector of the constitution and guarantor of fundamental rights to the Supreme and the High Courts.
    4. Article 246 (3) makes sure that of the state legislature’s exclusive powers on matters that are about the State list.
    5. Article 245 of the Indian Constitution says that the powers of both Parliament and State legislatures are subject to the provisions of the constitution.
    6. All Articles from 131 to 136 entrusts the Indian court with the power to adjudicate the disputes between the individuals, between the individuals and the state, between the states and the union. However, the court may be required to interpret the provisions of the constitution and the interpretation that is given by the Supreme Court becomes the law that shall be honored by all courts of the land.

    Recent Controversies

    1. Back in the year 2016, Justice Nagarjuna Reddy of the High Court of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana got all lights on him when 61 Rajya Sabha members moved a petition for his impeachment on charges of him misusing his position to “victimize” a “Dalit” judge. However, later, nine of the 54 members of the Rajya Sabha, who proposed the initiation of proceedings against him, withdrew their signatures.
    2. On 20 April 2018, a petition seeking impeachment of CJI Dipak Misra was submitted by seven opposition parties to the Vice President, Venkiyah Naidu. The petition was rejected by the Vice President.
    3. On 19 April 2019, a junior court assistant and a former employee in CJI Gogoi’s office sent a complaint-letter attached with a detailed affidavit to 22 Judges of the Supreme Court of India, narrating a series of events, spelling out how CJI Gogoi had allegedly sexually harassed her.

  • [Sansad TV] Perspective: Self-Reliance in Defence

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

    Context

    • The Ministry of Defence has been allocated a total budget of Rs 5.25 lakh crore for Financial Year 2022-23.
    • It focuses on modernisation of Defence Services and Defence Security Infrastructure development including the Border Road Infrastructure and Coastal Security Infrastructure.

    In this article, we will discuss and analyse as to how this budgetary allocation will lead to India becoming self-reliant in Defence sector and what more needs to be done.

    India’s defence outlay this year

    • The total allocation under Capital Outlay of the Defence Services has been increased from Rs 86,740 crore in 2013-14 to 1.52 lakh crore in 2022-23.

    What makes it special?

    • 68 per cent of the capital procurement budget will be earmarked for domestic industry in 2022-23, up from 58 per cent in the previous year.
    • This indicates the Government’s commitment to reducing imports and promoting Atmanirbharta in equipment for the Armed Forces.
    • While Defence R&D will be opened up for industry, start-ups and academia, Private industry will also be encouraged to take up design and development of military platforms and equipment.

    Why the fuss over self-reliance?

    1) Reducing import dependence

    • India was the world’s second-largest arms importer from 2014-18, ceding the long-held tag as the largest importer to Saudi Arabia, which accounted for 12% of the total imports during the period, says 2019 SIPRI report.
    • Pakistan stood at the 11th position, accounting for 2.7% of all global imports.
    • Such higher import dependency leads to increase in the fiscal deficit.

    2) Security Imperative

    • Indigenization in defence is critical to national security also. It keeps intact the technological expertise and encourages spin-off technologies and innovation that often stem from it.
    • Indigenization is needed in order to avert the threats associated with the frequent ceasefire violations like that of the Uri, Pathankot and Pulwama attacks.
    • India is surrounded by porous borders and hostile neighbours need to be self-sufficient and self-reliant in defence production.

    3) Economic boost

    • Indigenization in defence can help create a large industry which also includes small manufacturers.
    • Example: USA has a strong defence industry with companies like Lockheed martin contributing to economic growth as well.

    4) Employment generation

    • Defence manufacturing will lead to the generation of satellites industries that in turn will pave the way for a generation of employment opportunities.
    • As per government estimates, a reduction in 20-25% in defence-related imports could directly create an additional 100,000 to 120,000 highly skilled jobs in India.

    It was the military-industrial set-up of Germany that enabled it to launch its offensive practically against the entire western world both in World War I and World War II.

    Issues retarding defence exports

    1. Excess reliance on Public Sector: India has four companies (Indian ordnance factories, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)) among the top 100 biggest arms producers of the world.
    2. Policy delays: In the past few years, the government has approved over 200 defence acquisition worth Rs 4 trillion, but most are still in relatively early stages of processing.
    3. Lack of Critical Technologies: Poor design capability in critical technologies, inadequate investment in R&D and the inability to manufacture major subsystems and components hamper the indigenous manufacturing.
    4. Long gestation: The creation of a manufacturing base is capital and technology-intensive and has a long gestation period. By that time newer technologies make products outdated.
    5. ‘Unease’ in doing business: An issue related to stringent labour laws, compliance burden and lack of skills, affects the development of indigenous manufacturing in defence.
    6. Multiple jurisdictions: Overlapping jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Industrial Promotion impair India’s capability of defence manufacturing.
    7. Lack of quality: The higher indigenization in few cases is largely attributed to the low-end technology.
    8. FDI Policy: The earlier FDI limit of 49% was not enough to enthuse global manufacturing houses to set up bases in India.
    9. R&D Lacunae: A lip service to technology funding by making token allocations is an adequate commentary on our lack of seriousness in the area of Research and Development.
    10. Lack of skills: There is a lack of engineering and research capability in our institutions. It again leads us back to the need for a stronger industry-academia interface.

    Steps taken to boost indigenous production

    • Licensing relaxation: Measures announced to boost exports since 2014 include simplified defence industrial licensing, relaxation of export controls and grant of no-objection certificates.
    • Lines of Credit: Specific incentives were introduced under the foreign trade policy and the Ministry of External Affairs has facilitated Lines of Credit for countries to import defence product.
    • Policy boost: The Defence Ministry has also issued a draft Defence Production & Export Promotion Policy 2020.
    • Indigenization lists: On the domestic front, to boost indigenous manufacturing, the Government had issued two “positive indigenization lists” consisting of 209 items that cannot be imported.
    • Budgetary allocation: In addition, a percentage of the capital outlay of the defence budget has been reserved for procurement from domestic industry.

    Policy initiatives: Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy, 2020

    The DPEPP 2020 is envisaged as overarching guiding document of MoD to provide a focused, structured and significant thrust to defence production capabilities of the country for self-reliance and exports.

    The policy has laid out the following goals and objectives:

    1. To achieve a turnover of Rs 1,75,000 Crores (US$ 25Bn) including export of Rs 35,000 Crore (US$ 5 Billion) in Aerospace and Defence goods and services by 2025.
    2. To develop a dynamic, robust and competitive Defence industry, including Aerospace and Naval Shipbuilding industry to cater to the needs of Armed forces with quality products.
    3. To reduce dependence on imports and take forward “Make in India” initiatives through domestic design and development.
    4. To promote the export of defence products and become part of the global defence value chains.
    5. To create an environment that encourages R&D rewards innovation creates Indian IP ownership and promotes a robust and self-reliant defence industry.

    The Policy brings out multiple strategies under the following focus areas:

    1. Procurement Reforms
    2. Indigenization & Support to MSMEs/Startups
    3. Optimize Resource Allocation
    4. Investment Promotion, FDI & Ease of Doing Business
    5. Innovation and R&D
    6. DPSUs and OFB
    7. Quality Assurance & Testing Infrastructure
    8. Export Promotion

    Way forward

    • The development of a thriving indigenous defence industry needs an overhaul of existing regulations and practices.
    • A long-term integrated perspective plan of the requirements of the armed forces should give industry a clear picture of future requirements.
    • DPP 2020 should incorporate guidelines to promote forward-looking strategic partnerships between Indian and foreign companies.
    • The definition of indigenisation itself needs to privilege technology over value or volume.
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    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What if we told you the very 4 subjects you put away from preparing until the last moment can get you above 90 marks in Prelims if you studied them from the right books and followed the correct study plan?

    The first subject is Indian Economy. UPSC aspirants are often doubtful of the approach and study materials for this subject, as most of the questions that appear in Prelims require current affairs knowledge and depend upon the aspirant’s grasp in the complexities of our country’s economy. Many aspirants realise that unlike Art and Culture or Modern History, there is no single book that can do justice to the UPSC’s expectations of Indian Economy. Since 2014, the weightage of Indian Economy remained above most of the other subjects.

    UPSC Prelims Economy Questions & Answers [2013-2021]

    On the other hand the confusing topics of Science and Technology are the recent applications in this field, space technology, nano technology, diseases and biotechnology. Incidentally, they also have the highest weightage in the number of questions asked.

    Polity, as a subject used to be straightforward from the book Laxmikant. But nowadays, topics like the different schedules in Indian Consitution, Parliamentary and bill making procedure are difficult to remember despite revising many times. Conceptual clarity is a must, else it will be difficult to find the right answer for questions like this (Prelims 2021)

    Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards.
    (a) Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titles under the Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India.
    (b) Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once.
    (C) The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year.
    Which of the above statements are not correct?
    (a) 1 and 2 only
    (b) 2 and 3 only
    (c) 1 and 3 only
    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    Thought not UPSC’s favourite before, Environment and Ecology has gained momentum in the past 9 years with atleast 10% of prelims questions centred around it. Answers to questions on Indian and International Bodies and Conventions have got more negative marking than scoring points .

    What makes the subject slightly tricky is that the current affairs questions are more than a year old, with some of the questions about news related to 2014-15 happenings.

    With reference to the ‘’New York Declaration on Forests’’, which of the following statements are correct?

    1. It was first endorsed at the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014
    2. It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of forests
    3. It is a legally binding international declaration
    4. It is endorsed by governments, big companies and indigenous communities.
    5. India was one of the signatories at its inception

    Select the correct answer using the code given below
    (a) 1, 2 and 4
    (b) 1, 3 and 5
    (c) 3 and 4
    (d) 2 and 5

    Other questions happen to test your general awareness and is not easily found in standard books.

     Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following?

    1. Brakes of motor vehicles

    2. Engines of motor vehicles

    3. Microwave stoves within homes

    4. Power plants

    5. Telephone lines

    Select the correct answer using the code given below

    (a) 1, 2, 3 and 5only

    (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

    (c) 3, 4 and 5 only

    (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Open to All, Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra on UPSC Prelims 2022

    Taking this into consideration, we have roped in Civilsdaily Mentor Swatantra to guide UPSC aspirants. His experience of scoring 110+ in all the 6 Prelims exams, coupled with scoring 135+ marks in ethics and essay papers and attending the interview twice, makes him a suitable guide to address this pressing issue.

    Swatantra sir is a mentor with CivilsDaily for nearly two years and is now working with Sukanya Rana Ma’am in the Civilsdaily Mains Guidance Program.

    If you wish to score above 90+ in UPSC Prelims, then this free live webinar will give you the right ladder to aim high. Since there is a limited time of 1 hour, we urge interested aspirants to register right away!

    Register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What will you learn in this Webinar by Swatantra Sir?

    1. How to handle the static aspects of politics, the economy, and the environment intelligently?

    2. What are the current affairs topics to be revised in economy, environment, and science for UPSC Prelims 2022?

    3. Why should one NOT read Ncerts and Reference books on these four subjects from Cover to Cover?

    How to take test series and revise for UPSC 2022 on a daily basis?

    How to prepare for remaining subjects like History (including art and culture) and Geography without spending more than 3 weeks?

    What common mistakes have candidates made in the last 75 days of their preparation?

    Webinar Details

    You can crack UPSC only if the fire in you burns brighter than the fire around you. Register & attend this free live webinar by Swatantra sir if you want to get your doubts resolved and interact with other UPSC aspirants.

    Date: 14th March, 2022 (Monday)

    Time: 7PM

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

  • Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What if we told you the very 4 subjects you put away from preparing until the last moment can get you above 90 marks in Prelims if you studied them from the right books and followed the correct study plan?

    The first subject is Indian Economy. UPSC aspirants are often doubtful of the approach and study materials for this subject, as most of the questions that appear in Prelims require current affairs knowledge and depend upon the aspirant’s grasp in the complexities of our country’s economy. Many aspirants realise that unlike Art and Culture or Modern History, there is no single book that can do justice to the UPSC’s expectations of Indian Economy. Since 2014, the weightage of Indian Economy remained above most of the other subjects.

    UPSC Prelims Economy Questions & Answers [2013-2021]

    On the other hand the confusing topics of Science and Technology are the recent applications in this field, space technology, nano technology, diseases and biotechnology. Incidentally, they also have the highest weightage in the number of questions asked.

    Polity, as a subject used to be straightforward from the book Laxmikant. But nowadays, topics like the different schedules in Indian Consitution, Parliamentary and bill making procedure are difficult to remember despite revising many times. Conceptual clarity is a must, else it will be difficult to find the right answer for questions like this (Prelims 2021)

    Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards.
    (a) Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titles under the Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India.
    (b) Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once.
    (C) The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year.
    Which of the above statements are not correct?
    (a) 1 and 2 only
    (b) 2 and 3 only
    (c) 1 and 3 only
    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    Thought not UPSC’s favourite before, Environment and Ecology has gained momentum in the past 9 years with atleast 10% of prelims questions centred around it. Answers to questions on Indian and International Bodies and Conventions have got more negative marking than scoring points .

    What makes the subject slightly tricky is that the current affairs questions are more than a year old, with some of the questions about news related to 2014-15 happenings.

    With reference to the ‘’New York Declaration on Forests’’, which of the following statements are correct?

    1. It was first endorsed at the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014
    2. It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of forests
    3. It is a legally binding international declaration
    4. It is endorsed by governments, big companies and indigenous communities.
    5. India was one of the signatories at its inception

    Select the correct answer using the code given below
    (a) 1, 2 and 4
    (b) 1, 3 and 5
    (c) 3 and 4
    (d) 2 and 5

    Other questions happen to test your general awareness and is not easily found in standard books.

     Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following?

    1. Brakes of motor vehicles

    2. Engines of motor vehicles

    3. Microwave stoves within homes

    4. Power plants

    5. Telephone lines

    Select the correct answer using the code given below

    (a) 1, 2, 3 and 5only

    (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

    (c) 3, 4 and 5 only

    (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Open to All, Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra on UPSC Prelims 2022

    Taking this into consideration, we have roped in Civilsdaily Mentor Swatantra to guide UPSC aspirants. His experience of scoring 110+ in all the 6 Prelims exams, coupled with scoring 135+ marks in ethics and essay papers and attending the interview twice, makes him a suitable guide to address this pressing issue.

    Swatantra sir is a mentor with CivilsDaily for nearly two years and is now working with Sukanya Rana Ma’am in the Civilsdaily Mains Guidance Program.

    If you wish to score above 90+ in UPSC Prelims, then this free live webinar will give you the right ladder to aim high. Since there is a limited time of 1 hour, we urge interested aspirants to register right away!

    Register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What will you learn in this Webinar by Swatantra Sir?

    1. How to handle the static aspects of politics, the economy, and the environment intelligently?

    2. What are the current affairs topics to be revised in economy, environment, and science for UPSC Prelims 2022?

    3. Why should one NOT read Ncerts and Reference books on these four subjects from Cover to Cover?

    How to take test series and revise for UPSC 2022 on a daily basis?

    How to prepare for remaining subjects like History (including art and culture) and Geography without spending more than 3 weeks?

    What common mistakes have candidates made in the last 75 days of their preparation?

    Webinar Details

    You can crack UPSC only if the fire in you burns brighter than the fire around you. Register & attend this free live webinar by Swatantra sir if you want to get your doubts resolved and interact with other UPSC aspirants.

    Date: 14th March, 2022 (Monday)

    Time: 7PM

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

  • Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What if we told you the very 4 subjects you put away from preparing until the last moment can get you above 90 marks in Prelims if you studied them from the right books and followed the correct study plan?

    The first subject is Indian Economy. UPSC aspirants are often doubtful of the approach and study materials for this subject, as most of the questions that appear in Prelims require current affairs knowledge and depend upon the aspirant’s grasp in the complexities of our country’s economy. Many aspirants realise that unlike Art and Culture or Modern History, there is no single book that can do justice to the UPSC’s expectations of Indian Economy. Since 2014, the weightage of Indian Economy remained above most of the other subjects.

    UPSC Prelims Economy Questions & Answers [2013-2021]

    On the other hand the confusing topics of Science and Technology are the recent applications in this field, space technology, nano technology, diseases and biotechnology. Incidentally, they also have the highest weightage in the number of questions asked.

    Polity, as a subject used to be straightforward from the book Laxmikant. But nowadays, topics like the different schedules in Indian Consitution, Parliamentary and bill making procedure are difficult to remember despite revising many times. Conceptual clarity is a must, else it will be difficult to find the right answer for questions like this (Prelims 2021)

    Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards.
    (a) Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titles under the Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India.
    (b) Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once.
    (C) The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year.
    Which of the above statements are not correct?
    (a) 1 and 2 only
    (b) 2 and 3 only
    (c) 1 and 3 only
    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    Thought not UPSC’s favourite before, Environment and Ecology has gained momentum in the past 9 years with atleast 10% of prelims questions centred around it. Answers to questions on Indian and International Bodies and Conventions have got more negative marking than scoring points .

    What makes the subject slightly tricky is that the current affairs questions are more than a year old, with some of the questions about news related to 2014-15 happenings.

    With reference to the ‘’New York Declaration on Forests’’, which of the following statements are correct?

    1. It was first endorsed at the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014
    2. It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of forests
    3. It is a legally binding international declaration
    4. It is endorsed by governments, big companies and indigenous communities.
    5. India was one of the signatories at its inception

    Select the correct answer using the code given below
    (a) 1, 2 and 4
    (b) 1, 3 and 5
    (c) 3 and 4
    (d) 2 and 5

    Other questions happen to test your general awareness and is not easily found in standard books.

     Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following?

    1. Brakes of motor vehicles

    2. Engines of motor vehicles

    3. Microwave stoves within homes

    4. Power plants

    5. Telephone lines

    Select the correct answer using the code given below

    (a) 1, 2, 3 and 5only

    (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

    (c) 3, 4 and 5 only

    (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Open to All, Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra on UPSC Prelims 2022

    Taking this into consideration, we have roped in Civilsdaily Mentor Swatantra to guide UPSC aspirants. His experience of scoring 110+ in all the 6 Prelims exams, coupled with scoring 135+ marks in ethics and essay papers and attending the interview twice, makes him a suitable guide to address this pressing issue.

    Swatantra sir is a mentor with CivilsDaily for nearly two years and is now working with Sukanya Rana Ma’am in the Civilsdaily Mains Guidance Program.

    If you wish to score above 90+ in UPSC Prelims, then this free live webinar will give you the right ladder to aim high. Since there is a limited time of 1 hour, we urge interested aspirants to register right away!

    Register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What will you learn in this Webinar by Swatantra Sir?

    1. How to handle the static aspects of politics, the economy, and the environment intelligently?

    2. What are the current affairs topics to be revised in economy, environment, and science for UPSC Prelims 2022?

    3. Why should one NOT read Ncerts and Reference books on these four subjects from Cover to Cover?

    How to take test series and revise for UPSC 2022 on a daily basis?

    How to prepare for remaining subjects like History (including art and culture) and Geography without spending more than 3 weeks?

    What common mistakes have candidates made in the last 75 days of their preparation?

    Webinar Details

    You can crack UPSC only if the fire in you burns brighter than the fire around you. Register & attend this free live webinar by Swatantra sir if you want to get your doubts resolved and interact with other UPSC aspirants.

    Date: 14th March, 2022 (Monday)

    Time: 7PM

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

  • Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What if we told you the very 4 subjects you put away from preparing until the last moment can get you above 90 marks in Prelims if you studied them from the right books and followed the correct study plan?

    The first subject is Indian Economy. UPSC aspirants are often doubtful of the approach and study materials for this subject, as most of the questions that appear in Prelims require current affairs knowledge and depend upon the aspirant’s grasp in the complexities of our country’s economy. Many aspirants realise that unlike Art and Culture or Modern History, there is no single book that can do justice to the UPSC’s expectations of Indian Economy. Since 2014, the weightage of Indian Economy remained above most of the other subjects.

    UPSC Prelims Economy Questions & Answers [2013-2021]

    On the other hand the confusing topics of Science and Technology are the recent applications in this field, space technology, nano technology, diseases and biotechnology. Incidentally, they also have the highest weightage in the number of questions asked.

    Polity, as a subject used to be straightforward from the book Laxmikant. But nowadays, topics like the different schedules in Indian Consitution, Parliamentary and bill making procedure are difficult to remember despite revising many times. Conceptual clarity is a must, else it will be difficult to find the right answer for questions like this (Prelims 2021)

    Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards.
    (a) Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titles under the Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India.
    (b) Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once.
    (C) The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year.
    Which of the above statements are not correct?
    (a) 1 and 2 only
    (b) 2 and 3 only
    (c) 1 and 3 only
    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    Thought not UPSC’s favourite before, Environment and Ecology has gained momentum in the past 9 years with atleast 10% of prelims questions centred around it. Answers to questions on Indian and International Bodies and Conventions have got more negative marking than scoring points .

    What makes the subject slightly tricky is that the current affairs questions are more than a year old, with some of the questions about news related to 2014-15 happenings.

    With reference to the ‘’New York Declaration on Forests’’, which of the following statements are correct?

    1. It was first endorsed at the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014
    2. It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of forests
    3. It is a legally binding international declaration
    4. It is endorsed by governments, big companies and indigenous communities.
    5. India was one of the signatories at its inception

    Select the correct answer using the code given below
    (a) 1, 2 and 4
    (b) 1, 3 and 5
    (c) 3 and 4
    (d) 2 and 5

    Other questions happen to test your general awareness and is not easily found in standard books.

     Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following?

    1. Brakes of motor vehicles

    2. Engines of motor vehicles

    3. Microwave stoves within homes

    4. Power plants

    5. Telephone lines

    Select the correct answer using the code given below

    (a) 1, 2, 3 and 5only

    (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

    (c) 3, 4 and 5 only

    (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Open to All, Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra on UPSC Prelims 2022

    Taking this into consideration, we have roped in Civilsdaily Mentor Swatantra to guide UPSC aspirants. His experience of scoring 110+ in all the 6 Prelims exams, coupled with scoring 135+ marks in ethics and essay papers and attending the interview twice, makes him a suitable guide to address this pressing issue.

    Swatantra sir is a mentor with CivilsDaily for nearly two years and is now working with Sukanya Rana Ma’am in the Civilsdaily Mains Guidance Program.

    If you wish to score above 90+ in UPSC Prelims, then this free live webinar will give you the right ladder to aim high. Since there is a limited time of 1 hour, we urge interested aspirants to register right away!

    Register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What will you learn in this Webinar by Swatantra Sir?

    1. How to handle the static aspects of politics, the economy, and the environment intelligently?

    2. What are the current affairs topics to be revised in economy, environment, and science for UPSC Prelims 2022?

    3. Why should one NOT read Ncerts and Reference books on these four subjects from Cover to Cover?

    How to take test series and revise for UPSC 2022 on a daily basis?

    How to prepare for remaining subjects like History (including art and culture) and Geography without spending more than 3 weeks?

    What common mistakes have candidates made in the last 75 days of their preparation?

    Webinar Details

    You can crack UPSC only if the fire in you burns brighter than the fire around you. Register & attend this free live webinar by Swatantra sir if you want to get your doubts resolved and interact with other UPSC aspirants.

    Date: 14th March, 2022 (Monday)

    Time: 7PM

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

  • Issues with high gold demand

    Context

    Gold’s appeal as a safe haven is only rising: as tensions escalate in Ukraine, its price is approaching records.

    Factors explaining demand for gold in India

    • India is the world’s second-largest market for the yellow metal, behind China, though it produces almost none at home.
    • This is partly driven by tradition.
    • Brides are given jewellery as part of their dowry and it is deemed auspicious to buy bullion around certain religious festivals.
    • It is a handy store of undeclared wealth, too, often stashed in wardrobes or under the mattress.
    • But the pandemic has also affirmed an investment advice passed on over generations: park savings in gold as a rainy-day fund.

    Concerns with such a high demand

    • Vast gold imports can destabilise the economy.
    • During the 2013 “taper tantrum”, when India’s foreign-exchange reserves were lower than they are now, a rush of gold imports helped push the current-account deficit to 4.8% of GDP and fuelled worries of a currency crisis.
    • Savings stashed away as idle gold could be put to more productive use elsewhere. 
    • Indian households hold 22,500 tonnes of the physical metal—five times the stock in America’s bullion depository .

    Policy measures by the government

    • Import duties hover around 10%, even after cuts in last year’s budget aimed at keeping smuggling in check.
    • The central bank has ramped up issuance of sovereign gold bonds, which are denominated in grams of gold.
    • Of the 86 tonnes’ worth issued since 2015, about 60% were sold after the pandemic began.
    • And the gold monetisation scheme, which allows households to hand gold over to a bank and earn interest, was revamped last year to reduce limits on the size of deposits.
    • Lockdowns inadvertently helped the state’s agenda.
    • Mobile payments platforms like PhonePe and Google Pay reported rising appetite for digital gold, which is sold online and stored by the seller.
    • Money also rushed into gold exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
    • Their assets hit 184bn rupees ($2.5bn) in December, a 30% rise in a year.

    Conclusion

    Still, only a sliver of the population, mostly well-off urban types and millennials, invest in complex financial products. A large part of India’s demand for physical gold comes from rural areas, where it seems in no danger of losing its lustre.

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

  • Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What if we told you the very 4 subjects you put away from preparing until the last moment can get you above 90 marks in Prelims if you studied them from the right books and followed the correct study plan?

    The first subject is Indian Economy. UPSC aspirants are often doubtful of the approach and study materials for this subject, as most of the questions that appear in Prelims require current affairs knowledge and depend upon the aspirant’s grasp in the complexities of our country’s economy. Many aspirants realise that unlike Art and Culture or Modern History, there is no single book that can do justice to the UPSC’s expectations of Indian Economy. Since 2014, the weightage of Indian Economy remained above most of the other subjects.

    UPSC Prelims Economy Questions & Answers [2013-2021]

    On the other hand the confusing topics of Science and Technology are the recent applications in this field, space technology, nano technology, diseases and biotechnology. Incidentally, they also have the highest weightage in the number of questions asked.

    Polity, as a subject used to be straightforward from the book Laxmikant. But nowadays, topics like the different schedules in Indian Consitution, Parliamentary and bill making procedure are difficult to remember despite revising many times. Conceptual clarity is a must, else it will be difficult to find the right answer for questions like this (Prelims 2021)

    Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards.
    (a) Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titles under the Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India.
    (b) Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once.
    (C) The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year.
    Which of the above statements are not correct?
    (a) 1 and 2 only
    (b) 2 and 3 only
    (c) 1 and 3 only
    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    Thought not UPSC’s favourite before, Environment and Ecology has gained momentum in the past 9 years with atleast 10% of prelims questions centred around it. Answers to questions on Indian and International Bodies and Conventions have got more negative marking than scoring points .

    What makes the subject slightly tricky is that the current affairs questions are more than a year old, with some of the questions about news related to 2014-15 happenings.

    With reference to the ‘’New York Declaration on Forests’’, which of the following statements are correct?

    1. It was first endorsed at the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014
    2. It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of forests
    3. It is a legally binding international declaration
    4. It is endorsed by governments, big companies and indigenous communities.
    5. India was one of the signatories at its inception

    Select the correct answer using the code given below
    (a) 1, 2 and 4
    (b) 1, 3 and 5
    (c) 3 and 4
    (d) 2 and 5

    Other questions happen to test your general awareness and is not easily found in standard books.

     Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following?

    1. Brakes of motor vehicles

    2. Engines of motor vehicles

    3. Microwave stoves within homes

    4. Power plants

    5. Telephone lines

    Select the correct answer using the code given below

    (a) 1, 2, 3 and 5only

    (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

    (c) 3, 4 and 5 only

    (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Open to All, Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra on UPSC Prelims 2022

    Taking this into consideration, we have roped in Civilsdaily Mentor Swatantra to guide UPSC aspirants. His experience of scoring 110+ in all the 6 Prelims exams, coupled with scoring 135+ marks in ethics and essay papers and attending the interview twice, makes him a suitable guide to address this pressing issue.

    Swatantra sir is a mentor with CivilsDaily for nearly two years and is now working with Sukanya Rana Ma’am in the Civilsdaily Mains Guidance Program.

    If you wish to score above 90+ in UPSC Prelims, then this free live webinar will give you the right ladder to aim high. Since there is a limited time of 1 hour, we urge interested aspirants to register right away!

    Register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What will you learn in this Webinar by Swatantra Sir?

    1. How to handle the static aspects of politics, the economy, and the environment intelligently?

    2. What are the current affairs topics to be revised in economy, environment, and science for UPSC Prelims 2022?

    3. Why should one NOT read Ncerts and Reference books on these four subjects from Cover to Cover?

    How to take test series and revise for UPSC 2022 on a daily basis?

    How to prepare for remaining subjects like History (including art and culture) and Geography without spending more than 3 weeks?

    What common mistakes have candidates made in the last 75 days of their preparation?

    Webinar Details

    You can crack UPSC only if the fire in you burns brighter than the fire around you. Register & attend this free live webinar by Swatantra sir if you want to get your doubts resolved and interact with other UPSC aspirants.

    Date: 14th March, 2022 (Monday)

    Time: 7PM

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

  • Why India must cancel its nuclear expansion plans

    Context

    A fire broke out near the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in Ukraine (Europe’s largest) during the course of a military battle. Had the fire affected the cooling system, the plant’s power supply, or its spent fuel pool, a major disaster could have occurred.

    Issues with India’s nuclear expansion plans

    • On December 15, 2021, the Indian government informed Parliament that it plans to build “10 indigenous reactors… in fleet mode” and had granted “in principle approval” for 28 additional reactors, including 24 to be imported from France, the U.S. and Russia.
    • Capital intensive: Nuclear power plants are capital intensive and recent nuclear builds have suffered major cost overruns.
    • Decreasing cost of renewable: In contrast, renewable energy technologies have become cheaper.
    • The Wall Street company, Lazard, estimated that the cost of electricity from solar photovoltaics and wind turbines in the U.S. declined by 90% and 72%, respectively, between 2009-21.
    • Recent low bids are of ₹2.14 per unit for solar power, and ₹2.34 for solar-wind hybrid projects; even in projects coupled with storage, bids are around ₹4.30 per unit.
    • Global trend suggests declining use of nuclear energy: In 1996, 17.5% of the world’s electricity came from nuclear power plants; by 2020, this figure had declined to just around 10%.
    • Safety concerns: In a densely populated country such as India, land is at a premium and emergency health care is far from uniformly available.
    • Local citizens understand that a nuclear disaster might leave large swathes of land uninhabitable — as in Chernobyl — or require a prohibitively expensive clean-up — as in Fukushima, where the final costs may eventually exceed $600 billion.
    • Indemnity clause: Concerns about safety have been accentuated by the insistence of multinational nuclear suppliers that they be indemnified of liability for the consequence of any accident in India.
    • India’s liability law already largely protects them.
    • But the industry objects to the small window of opportunity available for the Indian government to hold them to account.
    • Climate concerns: Climate change will increase the risk of nuclear reactor accidents.
    • Recently, a wildfire approached the Hanul nuclear power plant in South Korea and President Moon Jae-in ordered “all-out efforts” to avoid an accident at the reactors there.
    • In 2020, a windstorm caused the Duane Arnold nuclear plant in the U.S. to cease operations.
    • The frequency of such extreme weather events is likely to increase in the future.

    Consider the question “What are the concerns with the nuclear energy expansion plans of India? Suggest the way forward.”

    Conclusion

    Given the inherent vulnerabilities of nuclear reactors and their high costs, it would be best for the Government to unambiguously cancel its plans for a nuclear expansion.

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

    Back2Basics: What is EPR (nuclear reactor)

    • The EPR is a third generation pressurised water reactor design.
    • It has been designed and developed mainly by Framatome (part of Areva between 2001 and 2017) and Électricité de France (EDF) in France, and Siemens in Germany.
    • In Europe this reactor design was called European Pressurised Reactor, and the internationalised name was Evolutionary Power Reactor, but it is now simply named EPR.

  • Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    Learn the Strategy of the 4 Scoring Subjects in Prelims 2022 which alone can fetch you >90 marks|| Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra who scored 110+ marks in Prelims 6 Times|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What if we told you the very 4 subjects you put away from preparing until the last moment can get you above 90 marks in Prelims if you studied them from the right books and followed the correct study plan?

    The first subject is Indian Economy. UPSC aspirants are often doubtful of the approach and study materials for this subject, as most of the questions that appear in Prelims require current affairs knowledge and depend upon the aspirant’s grasp in the complexities of our country’s economy. Many aspirants realise that unlike Art and Culture or Modern History, there is no single book that can do justice to the UPSC’s expectations of Indian Economy. Since 2014, the weightage of Indian Economy remained above most of the other subjects.

    UPSC Prelims Economy Questions & Answers [2013-2021]

    On the other hand the confusing topics of Science and Technology are the recent applications in this field, space technology, nano technology, diseases and biotechnology. Incidentally, they also have the highest weightage in the number of questions asked.

    Polity, as a subject used to be straightforward from the book Laxmikant. But nowadays, topics like the different schedules in Indian Consitution, Parliamentary and bill making procedure are difficult to remember despite revising many times. Conceptual clarity is a must, else it will be difficult to find the right answer for questions like this (Prelims 2021)

    Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards.
    (a) Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titles under the Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India.
    (b) Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once.
    (C) The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year.
    Which of the above statements are not correct?
    (a) 1 and 2 only
    (b) 2 and 3 only
    (c) 1 and 3 only
    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    Thought not UPSC’s favourite before, Environment and Ecology has gained momentum in the past 9 years with atleast 10% of prelims questions centred around it. Answers to questions on Indian and International Bodies and Conventions have got more negative marking than scoring points .

    What makes the subject slightly tricky is that the current affairs questions are more than a year old, with some of the questions about news related to 2014-15 happenings.

    With reference to the ‘’New York Declaration on Forests’’, which of the following statements are correct?

    1. It was first endorsed at the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014
    2. It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of forests
    3. It is a legally binding international declaration
    4. It is endorsed by governments, big companies and indigenous communities.
    5. India was one of the signatories at its inception

    Select the correct answer using the code given below
    (a) 1, 2 and 4
    (b) 1, 3 and 5
    (c) 3 and 4
    (d) 2 and 5

    Other questions happen to test your general awareness and is not easily found in standard books.

     Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following?

    1. Brakes of motor vehicles

    2. Engines of motor vehicles

    3. Microwave stoves within homes

    4. Power plants

    5. Telephone lines

    Select the correct answer using the code given below

    (a) 1, 2, 3 and 5only

    (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

    (c) 3, 4 and 5 only

    (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Open to All, Free Live Webinar by CD Mentor Swatantra on UPSC Prelims 2022

    Taking this into consideration, we have roped in Civilsdaily Mentor Swatantra to guide UPSC aspirants. His experience of scoring 110+ in all the 6 Prelims exams, coupled with scoring 135+ marks in ethics and essay papers and attending the interview twice, makes him a suitable guide to address this pressing issue.

    Swatantra sir is a mentor with CivilsDaily for nearly two years and is now working with Sukanya Rana Ma’am in the Civilsdaily Mains Guidance Program.

    If you wish to score above 90+ in UPSC Prelims, then this free live webinar will give you the right ladder to aim high. Since there is a limited time of 1 hour, we urge interested aspirants to register right away!

    Register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

    What will you learn in this Webinar by Swatantra Sir?

    1. How to handle the static aspects of politics, the economy, and the environment intelligently?

    2. What are the current affairs topics to be revised in economy, environment, and science for UPSC Prelims 2022?

    3. Why should one NOT read Ncerts and Reference books on these four subjects from Cover to Cover?

    How to take test series and revise for UPSC 2022 on a daily basis?

    How to prepare for remaining subjects like History (including art and culture) and Geography without spending more than 3 weeks?

    What common mistakes have candidates made in the last 75 days of their preparation?

    Webinar Details

    You can crack UPSC only if the fire in you burns brighter than the fire around you. Register & attend this free live webinar by Swatantra sir if you want to get your doubts resolved and interact with other UPSC aspirants.

    Date: 14th March, 2022 (Monday)

    Time: 7PM

    register here for free live webinar by swatantra sir

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