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Part 2 | Multipurpose River Valley Projects

Multipurpose River Valley Projects Dams were traditionally built to impound rivers and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields. Today, dams are built not just for irrigation but for: electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation, fish breeding etc. Hence dams are now referred to… Continue reading Part 2 | Multipurpose River Valley Projects

Part 3 | Characteristics of Soil, Classification of Indian Soils

Soil Characteristics Knowing a soil’s water, mineral, and organic components and their proportions can help us determine its productivity and what the best use for that soil may be. Several soil properties that can be readily tested or examined are used to describe and differentiate soil types. The most important properties are discussed below: 1.… Continue reading Part 3 | Characteristics of Soil, Classification of Indian Soils

Part 2 | Factors Responsible for the Formation of Soil, Soil Profile

The major factors responsible for the formation of soil: The major factors affecting the formation of soil are relief, parent material, climate, vegetation and other life-forms and time. Besides these, human activities also influence it to a large extent. 1. Parent Material The parent material of soil may be deposited by streams or derived from… Continue reading Part 2 | Factors Responsible for the Formation of Soil, Soil Profile

The Pre-Monsoon Season/ Summer Season (Mar – May)

India’s Climatic Calendar – The Summer Season Temperature Conditions during this season: As the sun shifts northward towards the Tropic of Cancer after the vernal Equinox, the whole India experiences an increase in temperature. In most parts of India, temperatures recorded are between 30°-32°C. North India: April, May and June are the months of summer… Continue reading The Pre-Monsoon Season/ Summer Season (Mar – May)

Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and or affecting India’s interests

 SAARC Historical Background The idea of co-operation in South Asia was discussed in at least three conferences: the Asian Relations Conference held in New Delhi on April 1947, the Baguio Conference in the Philippines on May 1950 and the Colombo Powers Conference held in Sri Lanka in April 1954. Then in 1983, the international conference… Continue reading Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and or affecting India’s interests

Important International Economic Organizations

WORLD BANK  GROUP source The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries. It is the largest and most famous development bank in the world and is an observer at the United Nations Development Group. Its five organizations are the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance… Continue reading Important International Economic Organizations

India-Australia relations

India & the Oceans Backgrounder It is analytically sensible to divide Australia’s links to post-Independence India into four phases: The first corresponds to the years immediately surrounding Indian Independence when Labour Party was in power in Australia. The second period is the Menzies Years, The third may be regared as the post 1971 re-discovery of… Continue reading India-Australia relations

India-West Asia

WEST ASIA India’s relations with the West Asian countries are historical since the independence. India has interests in economic, political, security and strategic fields with the West Asian nations. India’s west Asia policy For decades, India was a passive player in West Asia-a beneficiary of good relationships with multiple actors. Historically, India’s West Asia policy… Continue reading India-West Asia

India-Central Asia Relations

  Introduction source Five Central Asian states have significant disagreements among themselves, and development trajectories have increasingly diverged since the end of the Soviet Union. Kazakhstan is a stable, relatively open middle-income country, whereas Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are impoverished, chaotic, and poised on the verge of state failure. Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan—with significant human and industrial… Continue reading India-Central Asia Relations

India-Japan Relations

In the context of 21st Century, among all the bilateral relations, Indo-Japan relations have all the potential to transcend this era into an ‘Asian century’. This relationship, which incorporates no dispute- ideological, cultural or territorial, was embarked upon in 6th century A.D. when Bhuddhism was introduced in Japan. Direct exchange in modern times commenced only… Continue reading India-Japan Relations

India-Russia Relations

 Introduction Relations with Russia are a key pillar of India’s foreign policy, and Russia has been a longstanding time-tested partner of India.  Both countries signed “Declaration on the India-Russia Strategic Partnership” in October 2000 Traditionally, the Indo-Russian strategic partnership has been built on five major components: politics, defence, civil nuclear energy, anti-terrorism co-operation and space.… Continue reading India-Russia Relations

India-Africa Relations

  India and the African countries are in news lately, however the ties between the two regions date back to the ancient civilizations. Along with geographical proximity, there are factors such as the cultural connect, colonial past and development hurdles that are more or less common to both and thus bring each other much closer.… Continue reading India-Africa Relations

India Europe

Timeline of EU source 19 April 1951: European Coal and Steel Community Treaty signed by Germany, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Belgium and Netherlands. May 1952: European Defence Community (EDC) Treaty. August 1954: France rejects the EDC treaty. 25 March 1957: Treaties of Rome signed: creates Common Market / European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy… Continue reading India Europe

India and Bangladesh Relations

  India’s links with Bangladesh are civilisational, cultural, social and economic. There is much that unites the two countries – a shared history and common heritage, linguistic and cultural ties, passion for music, literature and the arts. The two nations were strong allies during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. However, they developed different Cold War alliances in the late… Continue reading India and Bangladesh Relations

India–Nepal Relations

  Brief History of Kingdom Of Nepal Gorkha rule After decades of rivalry between the medieval kingdoms, modern Nepal was reunified in the latter half of the 18th century, when Prithvi Narayan Shah, the ruler of the small principality of Gorkha, formed a unified country from a number of independent hill states. Prithvi Narayan Shah dedicated himself at an early age… Continue reading India–Nepal Relations

India-China Relations

  Introduction On 1 April, 1950, India became the first non-socialist bloc country to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China. Prime Minister Nehru visited China in October 1954. While, the India-  China border conflict in 1962 was a serious setback to ties; Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi’s landmark visit in 1988 began a… Continue reading India-China Relations

Indo-Pak Relationship

Pakistan profile – Timeline A chronology of key events: source Muhammed Ali Jinnah – founding father of Pakistan Born in Karachi, 1876 Pakistan’s first head of state until his death in 1948 Screening the life of Jinnah 1906 – Muslim League founded as forum for Indian Muslim separatism. 1940 – Muslim League endorses idea of separate nation… Continue reading Indo-Pak Relationship

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