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Kavachi Volcano

Why in the News? Scientists have reported rare underwater footage showing sharks living inside the crater of Kavachi volcano, near the Solomon Islands. This discovery challenges earlier assumptions about marine survival in extreme volcanic environments. About Kavachi Volcano A shallow submarine volcano located in the South Pacific Ocean Situated south of Vangunu Island in the… Continue reading Kavachi Volcano

Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)

Why in the News? The Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, extended greetings to all personnel of the Sashastra Seema Bal on its Raising Day. About Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) Formerly known as Special Service Bureau Established: 15 March 1963 Background: Formed after the Sino Indian Conflict of 1962 Force Type: Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) Administrative… Continue reading Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)

[20th December 2025] The Hindu OpED: Significance of a strong defense industrial base

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2021] Analyse the multidimensional challenges posed by external state and non-state actors to the internal security of India. Also discuss measures required to be taken to combat these threats. Linkage: This question is relevant to GS III as it examines internal security challenges posed by external state and non-state actors. The article… Continue reading [20th December 2025] The Hindu OpED: Significance of a strong defense industrial base

Shanti Bill: How India is overhauling its nuclear power regime

Why in the News? The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancing Nuclear Energy for Transitioning India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025 was passed by Parliament, replacing two foundational laws, the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010. This marks the first comprehensive overhaul of India’s nuclear power regime since independence.  Introduction India’s nuclear… Continue reading Shanti Bill: How India is overhauling its nuclear power regime

Child trafficking a deeply disturbing reality, says SC

Why in the News The Supreme Court, while upholding a conviction under the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956, described child trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation as a “deeply disturbing reality” in India.  Introduction Child trafficking in India operates through organised, layered networks involving recruitment, transportation, harbouring, and exploitation. Despite statutory safeguards, judicial approaches have often… Continue reading Child trafficking a deeply disturbing reality, says SC

White Spot Disease

Why in the News? • The Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying informed the Rajya Sabha about White Spot Disease About White Spot Disease • Highly contagious viral disease • Affects crustaceans such as prawns, yabbies, and crabs • Causes mass mortality in shrimp aquaculture Causative Agent • White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) •… Continue reading White Spot Disease

Hormuz Island

Why in the News? • A rare natural phenomenon turned the coastlines of Hormuz Island into a blood red landscape, drawing global attention About Hormuz Island • Location: Iran, on the Strait of Hormuz • Lies between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman • Situated about 8 km off the Iranian coast •… Continue reading Hormuz Island

Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary

Why in the News? • Forest Department officially recorded sightings of two Wild Dogs (Dholes) in Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary About Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary • Location: Madhya Pradesh • Connectivity: Linked through corridors with Ratapani Tiger Reserve • Vegetation Type: Dry deciduous forests Dhole (Asiatic Wild Dog) Basic Facts • Wild canid carnivorous species • Known… Continue reading Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary

Freshwater Sponge

Why in the News? • Scientists from Bose Institute studied freshwater sponges from the Sundarban delta• Identified their potential role as bioindicators of toxic metal pollution About Freshwater Sponges • Among the earliest multicellular eukaryotes• Play a key role in maintaining aquatic ecosystem health• Found in clean streams, lakes, rivers, and estuarine systems• Grow on… Continue reading Freshwater Sponge

SabhaSaar Initiative

Why in the News? • Union Minister informed the Rajya Sabha about the SabhaSaar initiative About the Initiative • AI enabled voice to text meeting summarisation tool • Launched by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj • Implemented across States and Union Territories • Adopted by Gram Panchayats for Gram Sabha and Panchayat meetings • Operates… Continue reading SabhaSaar Initiative

[19th December 2025] The Hindu OpED: Cutting off a rural lifeline and the Directive Principles

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2023] “Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. Linkage: MGNREGA avoided discretionary targeting by providing universal, demand-driven employment, unlike allocation-based schemes proposed under the new Bill. Introduction MGNREGA operationalised the constitutional obligation under Article 41 by guaranteeing… Continue reading [19th December 2025] The Hindu OpED: Cutting off a rural lifeline and the Directive Principles

India-Russia logistics agreement, with eye on Arctic, Indo-Pacific

Introduction India and Russia have brought into force the Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Support (RELOS) agreement after the completion of legal and procedural requirements. The agreement enables mutual access to designated military facilities for refuelling, repairs, and replenishment, covering operations across the Indo-Pacific and the Arctic. The pact institutionalises military logistics cooperation and provides India… Continue reading India-Russia logistics agreement, with eye on Arctic, Indo-Pacific

How Oman trade deal adds heft to India’s West Asia stratergy

Introduction India has signed a trade agreement with Oman to expand its export footprint in West Asia at a time when tariff barriers are increasing in the US and the European Union. The deal aligns with India’s accelerated push for Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) to secure alternative markets and reduce exposure to trade uncertainty. Oman’s… Continue reading How Oman trade deal adds heft to India’s West Asia stratergy

Annatto

Why in the news? As informed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), the CSIR–Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru has undertaken four Grant-in-Aid projects related to the study and development of annatto. What is Annatto? Annatto is a natural food colouring and flavouring agent. Obtained from the seeds of the achiote… Continue reading Annatto

PM Modi’s Visit to Ethiopia & Adwa Victory Monument

Why in the news?  Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid a wreath at the Adwa Victory Monument in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during his official visit in December 2025. Battle of Adwa (1896)   Year: 1896 Between: Ethiopian forces Italian colonial army Outcome: Decisive Ethiopian victory Ethiopia retained its sovereignty and independence Historical Significance: Symbol of African resistance… Continue reading PM Modi’s Visit to Ethiopia & Adwa Victory Monument

India–U.A.E. Joint Military Exercise Desert Cyclone II

Why in the news? An Indian Army contingent departed for the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) to participate in the 2nd edition of the joint military exercise “Desert Cyclone II”. The exercise is being conducted at Abu Dhabi from December 18–30, 2025. Key Facts for Prelims Name of Exercise: Desert Cyclone II Edition: Second Participating Countries:… Continue reading India–U.A.E. Joint Military Exercise Desert Cyclone II

Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF)

Why in the News? In a written reply in the Rajya Sabha, the Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying informed that â‚ą10,320 crore worth of loans have been sanctioned under AHIDF. About AHIDF The Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF) is a Central Sector Scheme. Total outlay: â‚ą15,000 crore Announced under the Prime Minister’s… Continue reading Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF)

[18th December 2025] The Hindu OpED: Overseas Bill betrays migrant workers

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2015] Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades. Linkage: This GS-I question focuses on evolving labour migration patterns driven by globalisation and regional inequalities. The article is relevant as it shows how rapid growth in overseas migration has not been matched… Continue reading [18th December 2025] The Hindu OpED: Overseas Bill betrays migrant workers

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