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Induction of INS Dhruv
India Navy is set to commission INS Dhruv to track satellites, strategic missiles and map the Indian Ocean bed later this year.

INS Dhruv is no ordinary vessel for the Indian Navy. Read its stealth capabilities and utilities.

INS Dhruv
- INS Dhruv has been developed with the help of the DRDO and Indian Navy with India’s Strategic Force Command and National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO) as main intelligence consumers.
- The indigenously-developed surveillance ship has been built by Hindustan Shipyard Ltd at its Visakhapatnam facility under the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan initiative.
- The 15,000-tonne ship, part of a classified project, will not only create maritime domain awareness for India in the Indian Ocean but also act as an early warning system for adversary missiles headed towards India.
Stealth capabilities
- INS Dhruv is equipped with active electronically scanned array radars, or AESA considered a game-changer in radar technology.
- It can scan various spectrums to monitor satellites of adversaries that are watching over India.
- It can also understand the range and true missile capability of adversary nations that it finds in the Indo-Pacific.
Benefits offered
- Once the vessel is commissioned, India will be the only country outside the P-5 – the US, the UK, China, Russia and France – to have this capability
- It will act as a major force multiplier to India’s ocean surveillance capabilities.
- It will be able to provide the Indian Navy with an “ECG of the Indian Ocean”.
March 19, 2021
Changes needed in lateral entry requirements
It has been a while since the government introduced the provision of lateral entry into civil services. This article suggests the changes that need to be made in the system to attract the best talent and facilitating their success.

Administrative reforms in India
- The lack of administrative reform in India has frustrated many stakeholders for a long time.
- One of the key focus areas of such reform is enabling lateral entry into an otherwise permanent system of administrators.
- Eight professionals were recruited for joint secretary-level positions in various ministries.
- Some other positions at the joint secretary and director-level have been advertised.
Changes needed

1) Entry requirements need to be relaxed
- In the permanent system, IAS officers get promoted to joint secretary level after 17 years of service and remain at that level for ten years.
- If similar experience requirements are used for lateral entry, it is unlikely that the best will join because in the private sector they rise to the top of their profession at that age.
- To attract the best talent from outside at the joint secretary level, entry requirements need to be relaxed so that persons of 35 years of age are eligible.
2) Facilitating lateral entrants for success
- There are many dimensions to this. For a start, there are several joint secretaries in each ministry who handle different portfolios.
- If assigned to an unimportant portfolio, the chances of not making a mark are high.
- A cursory look at the portfolios of the eight laterally-hired joint secretaries doesn’t suggest that they hold critical portfolios.
- There must also be clarity in what precisely is the mandate for the lateral entrant.
- To be disrupters, lateral entrants need to be able to stamp their authority on decision making.
- For this to happen, there need to be more lateral entrants at all levels in ministries.
- In the functioning of government, there is a long chain in decision-making and a minority of one cannot override it.
- Also, it requires an understanding of the system and an ability to work with the “permanent” establishment.
- No training or orientation is provided for this.
Consider the question “What are the advantages of lateral entry in the civil services? What are the challenges in the success of lateral entrants? Suggest the measures to improve it.”

Conclusion

Lateral entry, like competition in any sphere, is a good thing. But serious thinking is required on entry requirements, job assignments, number of personnel and training to make it a force for positive change. Some reform of the “permanent” system — particularly its seniority principle — may be a prerequisite.
March 19, 2021
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March 19, 2021
19th March 2021 | Prelims Daily with Previous Year Questions

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March 19, 2021
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Yes I want Mentorship

Abhishek has benefited from Civilsdaily’s approach, so did 70+ candidates who cleared UPSC IAS 2019

IAS exam, by design, is such that it should take just one attempt to clear it. Any further attempt, if you’re taking, should only be to improve your rank.

More than 10.5 lakh applied, but only 796 are going to clear UPSC IAS 2020. It is going to be much more challenging in 2021 and 2022.

Civilsdaily’s Hall of Fame.

But why most of the aspirants can’t clear the exam, even after taking multiple attempts, covering the full syllabus, or taking tests?

Last month we had a discussion with around 2500 students who were not able to clear prelims even after more than 2 attempts. Many were stuck on mains.

Lack of direction, no guidance, inability to make required necessary changes in their preparation, and an absence of a well-defined strategy were issues common to all. (What issues are you facing? tell us)

CLICK HERE FOR A FREE 1-ON-1 MENTORSHIP SESSION: Samanvaya

UPSC IAS preparation is not just about memorizing and information gathering.

Did you have a look at Prelims 2020 paper? In many ways, it has highlighted the changing nature of UPSC, and to be successful you need to adapt to the expectations of UPSC and adopt a new approach.

For 2021 aspirants, your preparation should be highly outcome-oriented (enabling you to fetch more marks). Every action of yours must be very objectively defined, every step as a part of your strategy. Whatever you are learning must be utilizable in the exam (both pre and mains). Your preparation should have an element of measurability.

Moreover, you need to balance both Prelims and Mains on one hand and current-static-optional on the other. Fill Samanvaya form to know how it should be done.

It’s about how ‘you’ should be doing it instead of how someone else did it. That is the ‘elephant in the room’.

All this stands true for 2022 aspirants as well. This is the right time to start preparation.

Fill Samanvaya form given at the bottom of this post.

Broadly, six factors determine your success in cracking this prestigious IAS exam and the most important being understanding the expectations of UPSC and according to that planning and strategizing; other being, Learning – Knowledge and information; Analyzing – making linkages, connections, etc.; Executing and utilizing information; and Constant course correction – because mistakes are inevitable, need to rectify them asap.

These are the areas where most of the aspirants fail to create a balance. Where are you facing an issue?

Integrate them in your preparation. We’ll tell you how to do it

To address the problems in your preparation, guidance and mentorship are the first steps. And here comes our three tiered mentorship.

CLICK HERE FOR A FREE 1-ON-1 MENTORSHIP SESSION: Samanvaya

Our 3 tier mentoring:

1. First step starts with this Samanvaya call: Once you fill in the form, our senior mentors will have a 1-to-1 detailed discussion (on-call) with you to understand your prep level, working/ study constraints, current strategies, and create a step by step plan for next week, next month and so on.

2. You are given access to our invite-only chat platform, Habitat where you can connect with mentors, ask your daily doubts, discuss your test-prep questions and have real-time live sessions on news and op-eds, and find your optional groups.

Daily target monitoring.

3. The third and the most personalized tier is the dedicated 1 on 1 mentor allotment who stays with you through the course of your UPSC preparation – always-on chat and on scheduled calls to help you assess, evaluate, and chart the next milestone of your IAS 2021/2022 journey.

Daily target monitoring on Habitat

Samanvaya: CLICK HERE FOR A FREE 1-ON-1 MENTORSHIP SESSION

Who are you?
1. Working Junta? If you are preparing for IAS 2021/2022 and working simultaneously, we can help you strategize and decipher the IAS exam and design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule.
2. First-time prep? If you are in the last year of college or thinking of dropping a year and preparing for IAS 2021/2022 full time, we’ll help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personal strategy.
3. Have appeared before? and weren’t successful. We’ll help you identify your mistakes, rectify them for the necessary course correction. Let this be your final and successful attempt.
You just have to take 5 minutes out and fill this form: Samanvaya For IAS 2021/2022

Talk to senior mentors from Civilsdaily: Fill Samanvaya form for IAS 2021 and IAS 2022. Once done, we will call you within 24 hours or so.

Fill up the following details in Samanvaya form given below to schedule a free one-on-one mentorship session with senior mentors from Civilsdaily. We’ll call you within 24 hours.

Samanvaya: click here for a free 1-on-1 mentorship session
March 19, 2021
(IAS 2021-22) Are you preparing in the right direction?| Let us optimize your preparation |Samanvaya: free 1-to-1 mentorship (get free Tikdams e-book)
Talk to senior mentors from Civilsdaily: Fill Samanvaya form for IAS 2021 and IAS 2022. We’ll call you within 24 hours for a detailed in-depth discussion.

(Free Tikdam e-book and Civilsdaily’s IAS starter material will be emailed to you post form submission.)

Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form

Thank you for registering. Sharing with you the link for Habitat, our learning platform. https://habitat.club/channel/general Attend today’s UPSC IAS discussion sessions on Op-ed and News news analysis, answer writing, and more.
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Yes I want Mentorship

Abhishek has benefited from Civilsdaily’s approach, so did 70+ candidates who cleared UPSC IAS 2019

IAS exam, by design, is such that it should take just one attempt to clear it. Any further attempt, if you’re taking, should only be to improve your rank.

More than 10.5 lakh applied, but only 796 are going to clear UPSC IAS 2020. It is going to be much more challenging in 2021 and 2022.

Civilsdaily’s Hall of Fame.

But why most of the aspirants can’t clear the exam, even after taking multiple attempts, covering the full syllabus, or taking tests?

Last month we had a discussion with around 2500 students who were not able to clear prelims even after more than 2 attempts. Many were stuck on mains.

Lack of direction, no guidance, inability to make required necessary changes in their preparation, and an absence of a well-defined strategy were issues common to all. (What issues are you facing? tell us)

CLICK HERE FOR A FREE 1-ON-1 MENTORSHIP SESSION: Samanvaya

UPSC IAS preparation is not just about memorizing and information gathering.

Did you have a look at Prelims 2020 paper? In many ways, it has highlighted the changing nature of UPSC, and to be successful you need to adapt to the expectations of UPSC and adopt a new approach.

For 2021 aspirants, your preparation should be highly outcome-oriented (enabling you to fetch more marks). Every action of yours must be very objectively defined, every step as a part of your strategy. Whatever you are learning must be utilizable in the exam (both pre and mains). Your preparation should have an element of measurability.

Moreover, you need to balance both Prelims and Mains on one hand and current-static-optional on the other. Fill Samanvaya form to know how it should be done.

It’s about how ‘you’ should be doing it instead of how someone else did it. That is the ‘elephant in the room’.

All this stands true for 2022 aspirants as well. This is the right time to start preparation.

Fill Samanvaya form given at the bottom of this post.

Broadly, six factors determine your success in cracking this prestigious IAS exam and the most important being understanding the expectations of UPSC and according to that planning and strategizing; other being, Learning – Knowledge and information; Analyzing – making linkages, connections, etc.; Executing and utilizing information; and Constant course correction – because mistakes are inevitable, need to rectify them asap.

These are the areas where most of the aspirants fail to create a balance. Where are you facing an issue?

Integrate them in your preparation. We’ll tell you how to do it

To address the problems in your preparation, guidance and mentorship are the first steps. And here comes our three tiered mentorship.

CLICK HERE FOR A FREE 1-ON-1 MENTORSHIP SESSION: Samanvaya

Our 3 tier mentoring:

1. First step starts with this Samanvaya call: Once you fill in the form, our senior mentors will have a 1-to-1 detailed discussion (on-call) with you to understand your prep level, working/ study constraints, current strategies, and create a step by step plan for next week, next month and so on.

2. You are given access to our invite-only chat platform, Habitat where you can connect with mentors, ask your daily doubts, discuss your test-prep questions and have real-time live sessions on news and op-eds, and find your optional groups.

Daily target monitoring.

3. The third and the most personalized tier is the dedicated 1 on 1 mentor allotment who stays with you through the course of your UPSC preparation – always-on chat and on scheduled calls to help you assess, evaluate, and chart the next milestone of your IAS 2021/2022 journey.

Daily target monitoring on Habitat

Samanvaya: CLICK HERE FOR A FREE 1-ON-1 MENTORSHIP SESSION

Who are you?
1. Working Junta? If you are preparing for IAS 2021/2022 and working simultaneously, we can help you strategize and decipher the IAS exam and design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule.
2. First-time prep? If you are in the last year of college or thinking of dropping a year and preparing for IAS 2021/2022 full time, we’ll help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personal strategy.
3. Have appeared before? and weren’t successful. We’ll help you identify your mistakes, rectify them for the necessary course correction. Let this be your final and successful attempt.
You just have to take 5 minutes out and fill this form: Samanvaya For IAS 2021/2022

Talk to senior mentors from Civilsdaily: Fill Samanvaya form for IAS 2021 and IAS 2022. Once done, we will call you within 24 hours or so.

Fill up the following details in Samanvaya form given below to schedule a free one-on-one mentorship session with senior mentors from Civilsdaily. We’ll call you within 24 hours.

Samanvaya: click here for a free 1-on-1 mentorship session
March 18, 2021
How e-commerce marketplaces can drive MSME makeover
Facilitating manufacturing through MSMEs
- A significant major contributor to the India growth story is going to be manufacturing.
- Manufacturing by small units, cottage units and MSMEs, if effectively facilitated, will be the game changer.
- For MSMEs to be sustainable and effective, the need of the hour is not just better automation but also more channels for accessing greater markets and opportunities to become a part of the national and global supply chains.
- E-commerce marketplaces are today the best possible enablers for this transformation at minimal cost, innovation and investment.
Need to invest in digital transformation and technology
- China captured the world market through the traditional method of having guilds and business centres.
- Today, digital empowerment is the key differentiator.
- Without that, our MSMEs will not be future ready.
- E-commerce allows products even from hinterlands to get to the national market, thus, providing opportunities to artisans and small sellers from Tier-2/3 towns to sell online to customers beyond their local catchment.
- By investing in supply chains, the e-commerce sector provides opportunities for MSMEs to partner them in supply and delivery networks.
- Start-ups and young brands are also finding opportunities to build national brands and even going global.
- This leads to additional income generation through multiple livelihood opportunities.
- Many offline stores are also adopting e-commerce to leverage these opportunities and the traditional and modern retail models are moving towards more offline and online collaborations.
Challenges in building robust e-commerce sector

1) No GST threshold exemption
- Sellers on e-commerce marketplaces do not get advantage of GST threshold exemption (of Rs 40 lakh) for intra–state supplies.
- Online suppliers have to “compulsorily register” even though their turnover is low.
- Offline sellers enjoy this exemption up to the turnover threshold of Rs. 40 lakh.
2) Principal place of business issue
- Today, the sellers, as in offline, are required to have a physical PPoB which, given the nature of e-commerce, is not practical.
- The government would do well to simplify the “Principal Place of Business” (PPoB) requirement especially for online sellers by making it digital.
- Replace physical PPoB with Place of Communication.
- Eliminating the need for state specific physical PPoB requirement will facilitate sellers to get state-level GST with a single national place of business.
3) Support MSMEs to understand e-commerce
- MSMEs should be provided with handholding support to understand how e-commerce functions.
- The government can collaborate with e-commerce entities to leverage their expertise and scale to create special on-boarding programmes.
- These can be provided by state governments.
- There is need to examine the existing schemes and benefits for MSMEs, which were formulated with an offline, physical market in mind.
4) Build infrastructure
- There is a need to build infrastructure — both physical and digital infrastructure is important for digital transformation.
- The road and telecom network will facilitate access to the consumer and enable the seller from remote areas to enter the larger national market as well as the export market.
- A robust logistic network and warehouse chains created by e-commerce platforms enable similar access and reach.
- The National Logistics Policy should focus on e-commerce sector needs.
5) Skilling policies for e-commerce sector
- Dovetail the skilling policy and programmes with the requirements of the e-commerce sector to meet future demand of the sector.
6) Steps to increase export via e-commerce
- We need to take specific steps to increase exports via e-commerce.
- There is a need to identify products that have potential for the export market, connect e-commerce with export-oriented manufacturing clusters, encourage tie-ups with sector-specific export promotion councils, leverage existing SEZs to create e-commerce export zones.
- India Posts can play a significant role by creating e-commerce specific small parcel solutions at competitive rates, building a parcel tracking system, and partnering with foreign post offices to enable customs clearances.
Way forward
- There is an urgent need to create a consolidated policy framework for e-commerce exports.
- Policies like the upcoming Foreign Trade Policy needs to be fully leveraged.
- The Foreign Trade Policy should identify areas and include e-commerce export specific provisions in the revised policy that comes into effect in April this year.
Consider the question “E-commerce marketplaces can help MSMEs in accessing greater markets and provide opportunities to become a part of the national and global supply chains. In light of this, examine the opportunities provided by e-commerce also mention the challenge the sector faces in India.”

Conclusion

By facilitating and supporting e-commerce, we can leverage the potential of MSMEs in manufacturing which could help in the economic growth of the country by creating job opportunities.
March 18, 2021
Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2021
The coal and Mines Minister has introduced the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2021 in Lok Sabha to streamline the renewal of the auction process for minerals and coal mining rights.

MMDR Amendment Bill, 2021

The Bill seeks to amend the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. The Act regulates the mining sector in India.

(1) Removal of restriction on end-use of minerals
- The Act empowers the central government to reserve any mine (other than coal, lignite, and atomic minerals) to be leased through an auction for a particular end-use (such as iron ore mine for a steel plant).
- Such mines are known as captive mines. The Bill provides that no mine will be reserved for particular end-use.
(2) Sale of minerals by captive mines
- The Bill provides that captive mines (other than atomic minerals) may sell up to 50% of their annual mineral production in the open market after meeting their own needs.
- The central government may increase this threshold through a notification. The lessee will have to pay additional charges for mineral sold in the open market.
(3) Auction by the central government in certain cases
- Under the Act, states conduct the auction of mineral concessions (other than coal, lignite, and atomic minerals).
- Mineral concessions include mining lease and prospecting license-cum-mining lease.
- The Bill empowers the central government to specify a time period for completion of the auction process in consultation with the state government.
- If the state government is unable to complete the auction process within this period, the auctions may be conducted by the central government.
(4) Transfer of statutory clearances
- Upon expiry of a mining lease (other than coal, lignite, and atomic minerals), mines are leased to new persons through auction.
- The statutory clearances issued to the previous lessee are transferred to the new lessee for a period of two years.
- The new lessee is required to obtain fresh clearances within these two years.
- The Bill replaces this provision and instead provides that transferred statutory clearances will be valid throughout the lease period of the new lessee.
(5) Allocation of mines with expired leases
- The Bill adds that mines (other than coal, lignite, and atomic minerals), whose lease has expired, may be allocated to a government company in certain cases.
- This will be applicable if the auction process for granting a new lease has not been completed, or the new lease has been terminated within a year of the auction.
- The state government may grant a lease for such a mine to a government company for a period of up to 10 years or until the selection of a new lessee, whichever is earlier.
(6) Rights of certain existing concession holders
- In 2015, the Act was amended to provide that mines will be leased through an auction process.
- Existing concession holders and applicants have been provided with certain rights.
- The Bill provides that the right to obtain a prospecting license or a mining lease will lapse on the date of commencement of the 2021 Amendment Act.
- Such persons will be reimbursed for any expenditure incurred towards reconnaissance or prospecting operations.
(7) Extension of leases to government companies
- The Act provides that the period of mining leases granted to government companies will be prescribed by the central government.
- The Bill provides that the period of mining leases of government companies (other than leases granted through auction) may be extended on payment of additional amount prescribed in the Bill.
(8) Conditions for lapse of mining lease
- The Act provides that a mining lease will lapse if the lessee: (i) is not able to start mining operations within two years of the grant of a lease, or (ii) has discontinued mining operations for a period of two years.
- However, the lease will not lapse at the end of this period if a concession is provided by the state government upon an application by the lessee.
- The Bill adds that the threshold period for lapse of the lease may be extended by the state government only once and up to one year.
(9) Non-exclusive reconnaissance permit
- The Act provides for a non-exclusive reconnaissance permit (for minerals other than coal, lignite, and atomic minerals).
- Reconnaissance means preliminary prospecting of a mineral through certain surveys.
- The Bill removes the provision for this permit.
Why such a move?
- The move would likely lead to greater transparency in the auction process.
- There is a perception that states governments may in some cases prefer some bidders, and try to delay or cancel mining rights if their preferred bidders do not win mining rights.
Could the amendment face legal challenges?
- The amendment, if passed, was likely to face legal challenges particularly from state governments.
- If an act is passed in which any state government’s discretionary power is taken away or their rights or benefits are infringed, it is likely to be challenged in the Supreme Court.
(With inputs from PRS)
March 18, 2021
[pib] Coalition for Disaster resilient Infrastructure (CDRI)
The Prime Minister has recently addressed the third edition of the annual conference of the Coalition for Disaster resilient Infrastructure (CDRI).

What is CDRI?
- The CDRI is an international coalition of countries, UN agencies, multilateral development banks, the private sector, and academic institutions that aim to promote disaster-resilient infrastructure.
- Its objective is to promote research and knowledge sharing in the fields of infrastructure risk management, standards, financing, and recovery mechanisms.
- It was launched by the Indian PM Narendra Modi at the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit in September 2019.
- CDRI’s initial focus is on developing disaster-resilience in ecological, social, and economic infrastructure.
- It aims to achieve substantial changes in member countries’ policy frameworks and future infrastructure investments, along with a major decrease in the economic losses suffered due to disasters.
Try this PYQ:

Q.Consider the following statements:
1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of G20 group of countries
2. The CCAC focuses on methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Its inception
- PM Modi’s experience in dealing with the aftermath of the 2001 Gujarat earthquake” as the chief minister led him to the idea.
- The CDRI was later conceptualized in the first and second edition of the International Workshop on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (IWDRI) in 2018-19.
- It was organized by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), in partnership with the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), the UN Development Programme, the World Bank, and the Global Commission on Adaptation.
Its diplomatic significance
- The CDRI is the second major coalition launched by India outside of the UN, the first being the International Solar Alliance.
- Both of them are seen as India’s attempts to obtain a global leadership role in climate change matters and were termed as part of India’s stronger branding.
- India can use the CDRI to provide a safer alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as well.
March 18, 2021
What is Rule Curve of a river?
The Supreme Court has warned the Tamil Nadu Chief Secretary against the failure to give information on the rule curve for Mullaperiyar dam.

Do you know?

The Mullaperiyar dam is located in Kerala on the river Periyar but is operated and maintained by the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu.

What is the Rule Curve?
- A rule curve or rule level specifies the storage or empty space to be maintained in a reservoir during different times of the year.
- Here the implicit assumption is that a reservoir can best satisfy its purposes if the storage levels specified by the rule curve are maintained in the reservoir at different times.
- It decides the fluctuating storage levels in a reservoir.
- The gate opening schedule of a dam is based on the rule curve.
- It is part of the “core safety” mechanism in a dam.
Why such a move?
- During the high-voltage hearing, the Tamil Nadu government blamed Kerala for delaying the finalization of the rule curve for the 123-year-old dam.
- Kerala government has accused Tamil Nadu of adopting an “obsolete” gate operation schedule dating back to 1939.
About Mullaperiyar Dam
- Mullaperiyar Dam is a masonry gravity dam on the Periyar River in the Indian state of Kerala.
- It is located on the Cardamom Hills of the Western Ghats in Thekkady, Idukki District of Kerala.
- It was constructed between 1887 and 1895 by John Pennycuick and also reached an agreement to divert water eastwards to the Madras Presidency area (present-day Tamil Nadu).
- It has a height of 53.6 m from the foundation, and a length of 365.7 m.
- The Periyar National Park in Thekkady is located around the dam’s reservoir.
- The dam is built at the confluence of Mullayar and Periyar rivers.
March 18, 2021

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